At the University of California(UC),we __34__ourselves not only on the quality of our research, but also on its contribution to improving our world.To__35__the development of science from the lab bench to the market place, UC is investing our own money in our own good ideas.

A) arena B) contextual C) convincing D) devoted E) digits F) hasten G) hypotheses H) impairing

I) incorporate J) indefinite K) indulge L) inertia M) pride N) reaping O) warrant

试题解析：

首先，按照做题套路和思路，我们应该将15选10里面的十五个单词按照“词缀特征”划分为五类，分别是名词，形容词，动词，副词和不确定，名词尾缀一般是”-ion”，“-ment”和”-ure”等;形容词尾缀一般是”-ive”，”-ant”等;动词尾缀一般是”-ate”，”-ify”和”-en”等;副词一般是”-ly”;而不确定一般是”doing”或”done/v-ed”形式或者有些不确定词性的单词。分类如下：

名词：arena(斗争场所，舞台，场所), digits(数字), hypotheses(假设), inertia(惯性)

形容词：contextual(上下文的，与环境相关的), indefinite(含糊的，不确定的，不定的)

动词：hasten(催促，加快), incorporate(纳入，合并), indulge(纵容，沉溺)

副词：无

不确定：convincing(含说服的含义), devoted(含投入的含义), impairing(含削弱的含义), reaping(含获得的含义), pride(含骄傲的含义), warrant(含证明或授权含义)

It is important that scientists be seen as normal people asking and answering important questions. Good, sound science depends on hypotheses, experiments and reasoned methodologies.

试题解析：

第一，26题所填写的词性为名词，因为前后三个词并列词性一致，后面两个词的形式是名词都是名词复数，所以排除doing(动名词)的可能;然后从含义上，后面两个词的含义是”实验”，”推理方法”，对照表格里面的名词一类的含义，名词：arena(斗争场所，舞台，场所), digits(数字), hypotheses(假设), inertia(惯性)，应该是26) hypotheses为正解。

It requires a willingness to ask new questions and try new approaches. It requires one to take risks and experience failures. But good science also requirescontextual understanding, clear explain and concise presentation.

试题解析：

首先，确定27为形容词，因为后面的词组为并列模式，平行逻辑是：

形容词1+名词1，形容词2+名词2 and 形容词3+名词3

形容词类别的只有两个：形容词：contextual(上下文的，与环境相关的), indefinite(含糊的，不确定的)

根据前后单词的含义：______ 理解，清晰的解释，和简洁的展示

从含义上来说27) contextual为正解。

Our country needs more scientists who are willing to step out in thepublicarena and offer their opinions on important matters.

试题解析：

首先，确定28题词性为名词，因为前面是形容词public，形容词+名词

从名词类里面选择：

名词：arena(斗争场所，舞台，场所), digits(数字), hypotheses(假设), inertia(惯性)

名词已经有一个选过了，所以在剩下三个里面选择，从含义上判断，应该是public arena公共场合

翻译：我们的国家需要更多的科学家可以走出来到我们公开场合或公共场所，并提供其对重要问题的看法。

当然形容词也可以修饰doing，但是我们可以从含义上看出后面doing动名词里面没有适合的选项。

We need more scientists who can explain what they are doing in language that isconvincing and understandable to the public.

试题解析：

首先，确定29题是形容词，形容词类的词有：

形容词：contextual(上下文的，与环境相关的), indefinite(含糊的，不确定的，不定的)

不确定：convincing(含说服的含义), devoted(含投入的含义), impairing(含削弱的含义), reaping(含获得的含义)

从含义的角度，我们不能选择唯一的形容词里面的indefinite，因为后面并列的词是：understandable可理解的

从含义角度，两个词并不匹配。

所以我们从不确定的单词里面选择一个正向的，并且和后面的understandable含义匹配的词是convincing。

Those of us who are not scientists should also be prepared to support public engagement by scientists, and to incorporate scientific knowledge into our public communications.

试题解析：

首先，确定30题是动词原形，因为前面的词组be prepared to(1) support public engagement by scientists, and to(2) ______ scientific knowledge into our public communications，两个to并列，所以to后面是动词原形;第二，30题后面是名词，证明这个动词原形是及物动词;第三，30题后面有个into，从搭配角度来看，结合动词原形：hasten(催促，加快), incorporate(纳入，合并), indulge(纵容，沉溺)，应该选择30) incorporate。

Too many people in this country, including some among our elected leadership, still do not understand how science works or why robust, long-range investments in research vitally matter. In the 1960s,the United Statesdevoted nearly 17% of discretionary spending to research and development,reaping decades of economic growth.

试题解析：

首先，确定31题，应该填写动词，观察前面的时间状语In the 1960s，动词应该是过去时，所以从动词里面选择的话没有合适的选项，因为动词里面都是原形动词：hasten(催促，加快), incorporate(纳入，合并), indulge(纵容，沉溺)。所以我们在不确定里面寻找：convincing(含说服的含义), devoted(含投入的含义), impairing(含削弱的含义), reaping(含获得的含义), pride(含骄傲的含义), warrant(含证明或授权含义)，里面只有一个符合答案，那就是唯一的过去时：devoted，所以31) devoted为正解。

首先，确定32题，应该填写doing的形式，这个是由我们的题目形式决定的。

主语+谓语, doing(及物动词)+名词

这种结构叫做doing做伴随状语，逻辑主语是前方主句的主语，而由于32题后面是一个名词，所以doing是个及物动词，所以我们在不确定一类选择：

不确定：convincing(含说服的含义), impairing(含削弱的含义), reaping(含获得的含义)

由于前文提到了devoted，是正向的词，所以我们选择正向词汇reaping，32) reaping。

By2008, the figure had fallen into the singledigits.This occurs at a time when other nations have made significant gains in their own research capabilities.

试题解析：

首先，确定33题词性，是名词，因为前面是形容词single，而前面有个单词叫figure，和数字有关，所以在名词里面：arena(斗争场所，舞台，场所), digits(数字), hypotheses(假设), inertia(惯性)，里面只有digits数字，符合题意。

At the University of California(UC),we pride ourselves not only on the quality of our research, but also on its contribution to improving our world.

试题解析：

首先，34题的词性是动词，因为前面是主语名词，后面句子没有动词，所以缺动词，而时态方面唯一的过去时已经选择了，所以应该是在动词类里面选择：hasten(催促，加快), incorporate(纳入，合并), indulge(纵容，沉溺)，但是从词意到搭配，都不符合题意，所以再从不确定里面选项：pride(含骄傲的含义), warrant(含证明或授权含义)，从搭配角度，pride更符合：pride oneself on something，所以34)pride。

Tohasten the development of science from the lab bench to the market place, UC is investing our own money in our own good ideas.

试题解析：

首先，to出现了，后面会有两种可能性，一种是to+名词/动名词;另一种是to+do动词原形。

动词原形：hasten(催促，加快), incorporate(纳入，合并), indulge(纵容，沉溺)

不确定：convincing(含说服的含义), impairing(含削弱的含义), reaping(含获得的含义)

从单词正负态度来看，这里应该填写正向态度的词，因为UC is investing our own money in our own good ideas，UC正把投资我们的钱投在好的想法，所以选择hasten，35) hasten为正解。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements

attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Are We in an Innovation Lull

A. Scan the highlights of this year’s Consumers Electronics Show (CES), and you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before. Many of the coolest gadgets this year are the same as the coolest gadgets last year—or the year before, even. The boots are still exciting, and the demos are still just as crazy. It is still easy to be dazzled by the display of drones(无人机), 3D printers virtual reality goggles (眼镜)and more “smart”devices than you could ever hope to catalog. Upon reflection, however, it is equally easy to feel like you have seen it all before. And it is hard not to thank: Are we in an innovation lull(间歇期)?

B. In some ways, the answer is yes. For years, smartphones, Televisions, tablets, laptops and desktops have made up a huge part of the market and driven innovation. But now these segments are looking at slower growth curves-or shrinking markets in some case-as consumers are not as eager to spend money on new gadgets. Meanwhile, emerging technologies-the drones, 3D printers and smart -home devices of the world-now seem a bit too old to be called “the next big thing.”

C. Basically the teach industry seems to be in an awkward period now. “There is not any one-hit wonder, and there will not be one for years to come.”said Gary Shapiro, president and chief executive of the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). In his eyes, however, that doesn’t necessarily mean that innovation has stopped. It has just grown up a little. “Many industries are going out of infancy and becoming adolescents,”Shapiro said.

D. For instance, new technologies that are building upon existing technology have not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience, because, in many cases, they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full appeal. Take the evolution of the smart home, for example: Companies are pushing it hard but make it almost overwhelming even to dip a toe in the water of the average consumer, because there are so many compatibility issues to think about. No average person wants to figure out whether their favorite calendar software works with their fridge or whether their washing machine and tablet get along. Having to install a different app for each smart appliance in your home is annoying; it would be nicer if you could manage everything together. And while you may forgive your smartphone an occasional fault, you probably have less patience for error messages from your door lock.

E. Companies are promoting their own standards, and the market has not had time to choose a winner yet as this is still very new. Companies that have long focused on hardware now have to think of ecosystems instead to give consumers practical solutions to their everyday problems. “The dialogue is changing from what is technologically possible to what is technologically meaningful,”said economist Shawn DuBravac. DuBravac works for CTA—which puts on the show each year—and said that this shift to a search for solutions has been noticeable as he researched his predictions for 2016.

F. “So much of what CES has been about is the cool. It is about the flashiness and gadgets,”said John Curran, managing director of research at Accenture. “But over the last couple of years, and in this one in particular, we are starting to see companies shift from what is the largest screen size , the smallest form factor or the shiniest object and more into what all of these devices do that is practical in a consumer’s life,”Even the technology press conferences, which have been high-profile in the past and reached a level of drama and theatric fitting for a Las Vegas stage, have a different bent to them, Rather than just dazzling with a high cool factor, there is a focus on the practical, Fitbit, for example, release its first smart watch Monday, selling with a clear purpose –to improve your fitness-and promoting it as a “tool, not a toy,”Not only that, it supports a number of platforms: Apple’s IOS, Google’s Android and Microsoft’s Windows phone.

G. That seems to be what consumers are demanding, after all. Consumer are becoming increasingly bored with what companies have to offer; A survey of 28,000 consumers in 28 countries released by Accenture found consumers are not as excited about technology as they once were. For example, when asked whether they would buy a new smartphone this year, only 48 percent said yes –a six-point drop from 2015.

H. And when it comes to the hyper-connected super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized solutions that companies needs to improve their services That could be another explanation for why companies seem to be strengthening their talk of practicality of their devices.

I. Companies have already won part of the battle, having driven tech into every part of our lives, tracking our steps and our very heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of “Why do I need that?”or, perhaps more tellingly, “Why do you need to know that?”-dogs the steps of many new ventures.Only13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in 2016,for example-an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches. That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smartwatches can make up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets. And the survey found fiat demand for fitness monitors, smart thermostats (恒温器)and connected home cameras, as well.

J. According to the survey, that lack of enthusiasm could stem from concerns about privacy and security. Even among people who have bought connected devices of some kind, 37 percent side that they are going to be more cautious about using these devices and services in the future. A full 18 percent have even returned devices until they feel they can get safer guarantees against having their sensitive information backed.

K. That, too, explains the heavy Washington presence at this year’s show, as these new technologies intrude upon heavily regulated areas. In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions, this year’s list of policy makers also include appearances from Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx, to talk about smart cities, and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator Michael Huerta, to talk about drones.

L. Curran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives. “There is an incompatibility in the rate at which these are advancing relative to the way we’re digesting it,”he said. “Technology is becoming bigger and more aspirational, and penetrating almost every aspect of our lives. We have to understand and think about the implications, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them.”

36. Consumers are often hesitant to try smart-home devices because they are worried about compatibility problems.

37. This year’s electronics show featured the presence of many officials from the federal government.

38. The market demand for electronic devices is now either declining or not growing as fast as before.

39. One analyst suggests it is necessary to accept both the positive and negative aspects of innovative products.

40. The Consumer Electronics Show in recent years has begun to focus more on the practical value than the showiness of electronic of electronic devices.

41. Fewer innovative products were found at this year’s electronic products show.

42. Consumers are becoming more worried about giving personal information to tech companies to get customized products and services.

43. The Consumer Technology Association is the sponsor of the annual Consumer Electronics Show.

44. Many consumers wonder about the necessity of having their fitness monitored.

45. The electronic industry is maturing even though no wonder products bit the market.

试题解析：

首先将10个选项进行关键词提取，尽量找核心名词词组，但是在题目种频繁出现的词组就不需要画，因为重复出现的词组是无法精确定位，而且最后关键词不止画一个，这样可以精确定位，然后将这些词组中的关键词记住，回溯元文找寻匹配点，至少找到和某段两处或两处以上相似为最佳选项，之后，在你觉得匹配的段落和题目前面注明，但是一定小心多题对应一段的可能性。

36. Consumers are often hesitant to try smart-home devicesbecause they are worried aboutcompatibility problems.

D. For instance, new technologies that are building upon existing technology have not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience, because, in many cases, they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full appeal. Take the evolution of the smart home, for example: Companies are pushing it hard but make it almost overwhelming even to dip a toe in the water of the average consumer, because there are so many compatibility issues to think about. No average person wants to figure out whether their favorite calendar software works with their fridge or whether their washing machine and tablet get along. Having to install a different app for each smart appliance in your home is annoying; it would be nicer if you could manage everything together. And while you may forgive your smartphone an occasional fault, you probably have less patience for error messages from your door lock.

试题分析：首先，画出题目中的核心名词词组，如题所示，然后回到原文找到几个对应点分别是：

smart-home devices(题目：智能家居设备)=smart home(原文：智能家居)

hesitant(题目：犹豫)=dip a toe(原文：浸泡脚趾;尝试)

because(题目：因为)=because(原文：因为)

compatibility problems(题目：兼容问题)=compatibility issues(原文：兼容问题)

37. This year’s electronics show featured the presence of many officials from the federal government.

K. That, too, explains the heavy Washington presence at this year’s show, as these new technologies intrude upon heavily regulated areas. In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions, this year’s list of policy makers also include appearances from Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx, to talk about smart cities, and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator Michael Huerta, to talk about drones.

试题分析：首先，画出题目中的核心名词词组，如题所示，然后回到原文找到几个对应点分别是：

this year’s electronics show(题目：今年电子产品展览)=this year’s show(原文：今年展览)

the presence of many officials from the federal government(题目：来自联邦政府的很多官员的出席)=the heavy Washington presence(原文：华盛顿政府)/police-maker(原文：决策制定者)

38. The market demand for electronic devices is now either declining or not growing as fast as before.

B. In some ways, the answer is yes. For years, smartphones, Televisions, tablets, laptops and desktops have made up a huge part of the market and driven innovation. But now these segments are looking at slower growth curves-or shrinking markets in some case-as consumers are not as eager to spend money on new gadgets. Meanwhile, emerging technologies-the drones, 3D printers and smart-home devices of the world-now seem a bit too old to be called “the next big thing.”

试题分析：首先，画出题目中的核心名词词组，如题所示，然后回到原文找到几个对应点分别是：

the market demand for electronic devices(题目：对电子设备的市场需求)=smartphones, Televisions, tablets, laptops and desktops have made up a huge part of the market and driven innovation(原文：手机，电视，平板电脑，笔记本电脑，台式机形成了巨大的市场需求)=segments(原文：这个部分)

either declining or not growing as fast as before(题目：要么下降或者没有以前那个快)=segments are looking at slower growth curves-or shrinking markets in some case(原文：这部分呈下滑或缩水)

39. One analyst suggests it is necessary to accept both the positive and negative aspects of innovative products.

L. Curran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives. “There is an incompatibility in the rate at which these are advancing relative to the way we’re digesting it,”he said. “Technology is becoming bigger and more aspirational, and penetrating almost every aspect of our lives. We have to understand and think about the implications, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them.”

试题分析：首先，画出题目中的核心名词词组，如题所示，然后回到原文找到几个对应点分别是：

one analyst(题目：分析员)=analyst(原文：分析员)

accept both the positive and negative aspects of innovative products(题目：接受创新产品的利弊)

=We have to understand and think about the implications, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them(原文：我们不得不理解和思考这些含义，平衡这些创新和他们自然带有的潜在的负面效应)

40. The Consumer Electronics Showin recent years has begun to focus more on the practical value than the showiness of electronic of electronic devices.

F. “So much of what CES has been about is the cool. It is about the flashiness and gadgets,”said John Curran, managing director of research at Accenture. “But over the last couple of years, and in this one in particular, we are starting to see companies shift from what is the largest screen size , the smallest form factor or the shiniest object and more into what all of these devices do that ispractical in a consumer’s life,”Even the technology press conferences, which have been high-profile in the past and reached a level of drama and theatric fitting for a Las Vegas stage, have a different bent to them, Rather than just dazzling with a high cool factor, there is a focus on the practical, Fitbit, for example, release its first smart watch Monday, selling with a clear purpose–to improve your fitness-and promoting it as a “tool, not a toy,”Not only that, it supports a number of platforms: Apple’s IOS, Google’s Android and Microsoft’s Windows phone.

试题分析：首先，画出题目中的核心名词词组，如题所示，然后回到原文找到几个对应点分别是：

the Consumer Electronic Show(题目)=CES(原文)

in recent years(题目：最近今年)=over the last couple of years(原文：在过去的的几年)

focus more on the practical value(题目：聚焦更多在使用价值)=practical in a consumer’s life(原文：消费者生活的实用方面)=there is a focus on the practical(原文：聚焦在实用方面)

the showiness of electronic of electronic devices(题目：电子产品的外表)=what is the largest screen size(原文：什么是最大尺寸)=just dazzling with a high cool factor(原文：另人炫目的酷炫因素)

41. Fewer innovative products were found at this year’s electronic products show.

A. Scan the highlights of this year’s Consumers Electronics Show (CES), and you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before. Many of the coolest gadgets this year are the same as the coolest gadgets last year—or the year before, even. The boots are still exciting, and the demos are still just as crazy. It is still easy to be dazzled by the display of drones(无人机), 3D printers virtual reality goggles (眼镜)and more “smart”devices than you could ever hope to catalog. Upon reflection, however, it is equally easy to feel like you have seen it all before. And it is hard not to thank: Are we in an innovation lull(间歇期)?

试题分析：首先，画出题目中的核心名词词组，如题所示，然后回到原文找到几个对应点分别是：

electronic products show(题目：电子产品展览)=Consumers Electronics Show (CES)(消费者电子产品展览)

Fewer innovative products were found(题目：很少创新产品被发掘)=you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before(原文：你感觉过去好像见过他们)=Are we in an innovation lull(间歇期)(原文：创新间歇期)

42. Consumers are becoming more worried aboutgiving personal information to tech companies to get customized products and services.

H. And when it comes to the hyper-connected super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy abouthanding over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized solutions that companies needs to improve their services. That could be another explanation for why companies seem to be strengthening their talk of practicality of their devices.

试题分析：首先，画出题目中的核心名词词组，如题所示，然后回到原文找到几个对应点分别是：

consumers are becoming more worried about(题目：消费者越来越担心)

=consumers are growing more uneasy about(原文：消费者越来越担心)

giving personal information to tech companies to get customized products and services(题目：给个人信息给技术公司去生产个性化产品和服务)=handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized solutions that companies needs to improve their services(原文：交出大量客户信息，这些信息是可以提供个性化的解决方法，公司可以需要这些解决方法去提升服务)

43. The Consumer Technology Association is the sponsor of the annual Consumer Electronics Show.

E. Companies are promoting their own standards, and the market has not had time to choose a winner yet as this is still very new. Companies that have long focused on hardware now have to think of ecosystems instead to give consumers practical solutions to their everyday problems. “The dialogue is changing from what is technologically possible to what is technologically meaningful,”said economist Shawn DuBravac. DuBravac works for CTA—which puts on the show each year—and said that this shift to a search for solutions has been noticeable as he researched his predictions for 2016.

试题分析：首先，画出题目中的核心名词词组，如题所示，然后回到原文找到几个对应点分别是：

The Consumer Technology Association(题目)=CTA(原文)

sponsor(题目：赞助)=puts on(原文：资助)

the annual Consumer Electronics Show(题目：一年一度的用户电子产品展览)=the show(原文：展览)

44. Many consumers wonder about the necessity of having their fitness monitored.

I. Companies have already won part of the battle, having driven tech into every part of our lives,tracking our steps and our very heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of “Why do I need that?” or, perhaps more tellingly, “Why do you need to know that?”-dogs the steps of many new ventures.Only13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in 2016,for example-an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches. That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smartwatches can make up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets. And the survey found fiat demand for fitness monitors, smart thermostats (恒温器)and connected home cameras, as well.

试题分析：首先，画出题目中的核心名词词组，如题所示，然后回到原文找到几个对应点分别是：

Many consumers wonder about the necessity of having their fitness monitored(题目：很多消费者想知道有没有必要让他们的身体健康被监视)

=fitness monitored+tracking our steps and our very heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of “Why do I need that?”(原文：身体健康监控+跟踪我们的脚步和心脏跳动。然而一个始终的问题是：为什么我需要它)

45. The electronic industry is maturingeven thoughno wonder products bit the market.

C. Basically the teach industry seems to be in an awkward period now. “There is not any one-hit wonder, and there will not be one for years to come.”said Gary Shapiro, president and chief executive of the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). In his eyes, however, that doesn’t necessarily mean that innovation has stopped. It has just grown up a little. “Many industries are going out of infancy and becoming adolescents,”Shapiro said.

试题分析：首先，画出题目中的核心名词词组，如题所示，然后回到原文找到几个对应点分别是：

no wonder products bit the market(题目：没有惊人的产品进入市场)

=There is not any one-hit wonder(原文：没有让人炫目的产品)

even though(题目：尽管)=however(原文：但是)

The electronic industry is maturing(题目：电子产品正在成熟中)=Many industries are going out of infancy and becoming adolescents(原文：很多产业从婴儿期走向青春期)

Section C

Direction: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choice and our marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

The Paris climate agreement finalized in December last year heralded a new era for climate action .For the first time ,the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2°C.

This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emission. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.

Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse .gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water .In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously form the consumption of fossil fuels ,while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.

On the flip side, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate- vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. this is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second -hand smoke ,while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.

The Pairs agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice”can be best as sketchy.

The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below”2°C is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.

More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.

The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.

And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.

Questions

46.The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because________.

A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nations.

B) it aims to keep temperature rise below 2°C only.

C) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries.

D) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility.

The Paris climate agreement finalized in December last year heralded a new era for climate action .For the first time ,the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2°C.

This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emission. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.

试题分析：首先通过题干定位到第一段the Paris climate agreement，但是第一段大部分是介绍这个协议的内容，而题目问题的because，问原因答原因，所以答案在第二段。第二段开头出现中心名词词组climate-vulnarable nations，这个段落主旨中心名词是很重要的判断正确选项的关键因素，而第二段最后一句出现injustice不公平，结合两个关键信息点，所选答案是A。unfair=injustice，关键名词climate-vulnarable出现。

B：无中生有，only绝对字眼，和原文没有任何对应，而且是现象本身，不是原因

C：无中生有，only绝对字眼

D：前两段没有提及developed countries

47.Why does the author call some developed countries climate “free-riders”?

A) They needn’t worry about the food and water they consume.

B) They are better able to cope with the global climate change.

C) They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.

D) They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting “forced riders”.

Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse, gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water .In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels ,while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.

试题分析：定位到第三段，冒号后面解释前面的引号里面的内容“free-riders”，导致很多问题产生的同时却没有付出代价;换句话说，这些发达国家大量获益的同时导致全球气候变化所带来的负面效应和负担。这里面注意原文的几个点：第一，costs/benefits，都是代价的含义和C选项的pay anything for很相似;第二，原文出现while/while at the same time，出现前后并列和平行成分，稍有转折意味，正好和C选项内容前后两种反差或极差内容吻合，导致问题却不付出代价;第三，原文causing/contriuting to都是导致的意思，所以和C的caused同义替换。

A：举例部分内容such as

B：无中生有，没有提及处理全球气候变化的内容

D：本段的内容还没有涉及”forced riders”

48.Why does the author compare the “forced riders”to second-hand smokers?

A) They have little responsibility for public health problems.

B) They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.

C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.

D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.

On the flip side, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely(=not) contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. this is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke,while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.

试题分析：根据题干信息，定位到本段，题目问的是原因，英语中的一种现象是非限定定从表示原因状语从句，于是, who …后面的内容直接解释前面的引号内容”forced riders”，所以我们直接翻译这句话：这些国家没有导致问题的产生，却要遭受气候变化所导致的负面影响。原文suffering from the climate change=C选项have to bear consequence;原文having scarcely(否定词) contributed to the problem=C选项they are not(否定词) responsible for。

49.What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?

A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.

B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from.

C) There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.

D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.

More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little(no) detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.

试题分析：根据题干定位到本段，由于题目是细节推断，无法精确定位，又出现了一个however，所以锁定答案在表示强转折的however的后面，再根据选项排除法，得出答案是B选项，因为后面有两句话都提及了who is responisble for这个fund，所以答案是B。

A：will/all绝对化字眼出现在推断题

C：无法确定的不是how，而是who

D：will effectively无中生有

50.What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?

A) Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.

B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.

C) Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.

D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.

The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization of the policies outlined in the agreementif we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.

试题分析：根据题干定位词定位到本段，后面if的内容是Paris climate agreement的具体体现，urgent对应原文的urgently，所以答案锁定划线部分内容，D选项的putting in effect=原文的meaningful mobilization，而D选项的policies in agreement对应原文policies outlined in the agreement。

A：无中生有high-emitting nations

B：绝对化字眼all

C：无中生有leaders

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon(霓虹灯)sign. Their risky behaviors -drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping school - can alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing.

But a new study find that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, don’t get enough sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle.

Of course, that may sound like a deion of every teenager on planet. But the study warms that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the “invisible risk”group by the study’s authors.

“In some ways they’re at greater risk of falling through the racks,”says researcher Vladimir Carli.“While most parents, teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk, they my easily over look teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous behaviors.”

The study’s authors surveyed 12,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking high media use and truancy(选学). Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.

About 58% of the students demonstrated none or few of the risk behaviors. Some 13% scored high all nine of the risk behaviors. And 29%, the “invisible risk”group, scored high on three in particular. They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices. They slept six hours a night or less. And they neglected “other healthy activities.”

The group that scored high all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.

The findings caught Carli off guard. “We were very surprised,”he says. “the high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious. But this third group was not only unexpected, it was so distinct and so large-nearly one third of our sample-that it became a key finding of the study.”

Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care provides. And early identification, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.

Questions

51. What does the author mean by saying “Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often were their troubles like a neon sign”(Line1-2, Para .1)?

A) Mental problems can now be found in large number of teenagers.

B) Teenagers’mental problems are getting more and more attention.

C) Teenagers’mental problems are often too conspicuous not to be observed.

D) Depression and anxiety are the most common symptoms of mental problems.

Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like aneon(霓虹灯)sign. Their risky behaviors—drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping school—can alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing.

试题分析：此题目属于句意题，所以要从上下文分析。根据上下文分析，下文很多段落提及invisiable risk，inconspicuous behaviors等表示明显或非明显的字眼，第二题的答案中甚至有unobserved，所以从句意相关性来看，答案是C。C选项的conspicious对应篇章主旨“明显”，而经过合理联想，霓虹灯也具有“明显”的显眼特征。

52. What is the finding of the new study?

A) Teenagers’lifestyles have changed greatly in recent years.

B) Many teenagers resort to drugs or alcohol for mental relief.

C) Teenagers experiencing psychological problems tend to use a lot of media.

D) Many hitherto unobserved youngsters may have psychological problems.

But a new study find that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, don’t get enough sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle.

试题分析：细节推断题，所以答案有may的可能性很高，而且第二题的D正确答案还间接告诉我们第一题的答案。D选项的unobserved对应原文的another group，不明显也是全文主旨，选项的psychological problems对应原文的psychiatric symptoms。

A：lifestyle出现在冒号后面的举例和并列中。

B：drugs和alcohol无中生有。

C：media出现在冒号后面的举例和并列中。

53. Why do the researchers refer to teens who use tons of media, don’t get enough sleep and have a sedentary lifestyle as the “invisible risk”group?

A) Their behaviors can be an invisible threat to society.

B) Their behaviors do not constitute a warning signal.

C) Their behaviors do not tend towards mental problems.

D) Their behaviors can be found in almost all teenagers on earth.

Of course, that may sound like a deion of every teenager on planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the “invisible risk”group by the study’s authors.

试题分析：题目问及的是原因，根据题目定位本段，直接定位到because那句话，翻译为，这些行为没有被视为红色旗子的警报，这些人被认为是不明显的一群人。由于原文中他们的行为没有被视为是红色旗子，里面有否定词not，所以我们的选项中也有not，而且还有warning signal这个red flag的上义词。

54. What does the new study find about the invisible group?

A) They are almost as liable to depression as the high-risk group.

B) They suffer from depression without showing any symptoms(没提到).

C) They do not often demonstrate risky behaviors as their peers.

D) They do not attract the media attention the high-risk group does.

The group that scored high all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms ofdepression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of thelow-risk groupwasn’t far behind the high-risk set with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.

The findings caught Carli off guard. “We were very surprised,”he says. “the high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious. But this third group was not only unexpected, it was so distinct and so large-nearly one third of our sample-that it became a key finding of the study.”

试题分析：由于前面几段都是实验过程，到了本段才是这个新研究的结论部分，结论部分中有个关键词depression/depressed/depression，加上同根词，一共出现三次，判定为段落主旨，所以选项中最好含有本词，留下A和B两个选项，但是B选项without showing any symptoms的事情是和原文相反的，且without any过于绝对，所以留下A选项，A说的意思是这些invisible group和高风险的人群一样都会倾向于depression沮丧，所以对应原文为

B：虽然有提及depression这个关键词，但是是他们这群人也有depression症状，和原文相反。

C：和原文相反，或者没提到risky behaviors的事情，因为本段讲的内容是depression的事情。

D：没提到media attention的事实。

55. What is the significance of Vladimir Carli’s study?

A) It offers a new treatment for psychological problems among teenagers.

B) It provides new early-warning signals for identifying teens in trouble.

C) It may have found an idea way to handle teenagers with behavioral problems.

D) It sheds new light on how unhealthy behaviors trigger mental health problems.

Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.

试题分析：根据题干定位到最后一段，直接定位到划线句子，选项B中的provides new early-warning signals for identifying teens和原文的provides new early warning signs/early identification完全一样。故选B。

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