一文带你看懂:英式英语和美式英语究竟语法上有哪些区别? |
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我们曾经介绍过英式英语和美式英语在拼写、发音、日期以及用词上的一些区别,这里展开聊一聊这两种英语在语法上的区别。 时态 现在完成时在英式英语中的使用要比在美式英语中更多,描述一个刚刚完成并对现在产生影响的动作,英式英语通常用现在完成时,而美式英语用一般过去时的情况更多,特别是与yet/just/already等词连用的情况。举个例子: 英式英语: (a) I have lost my mobile phone. Have you seen it? (b) I have just finished my homework. 美式英语: (a) I lost my mobile phone. Did you see it? (b) I just finished my homework.
集合名词 英式英语中对于family, band, group, team这样的集合名词,后面的谓语动词可以用单数或者复数形式,而美式英语中谓语动词用单数形式,比如: 英式英语: (a) My family is/are visiting from Pakistan. (b) My team is/are winning the match. 美式英语: (a) My family is visiting from Pakistan. (b) My team is winning the match. 但police这个集合名词是例外,英式和美式英语中police后面的谓语动词必须用复数,比如:The police are investigating the crime.
shall 英式英语中在谈及未来时人们会使用情态动词shall(特别是在正式场合中),比如:I shall be back in a minute. 而美式英语用的情态动词是will,例如:I will be back in a minute. have/have got 英式英语口语中人们经常用have got something来代替have something,比如:I’ve got a picture of you when you were a teenager. Do you want to see it? 而美式英语中这一用法比较少。
have got to/have to 英式英语中经常用have got to do something来代替have to do something,比如:I've got to be at the hospital at 4 o'clock. 我必须四点到医院。而美式英语用have to do something比较多。 got/gotten 美式英语中get的过去分词是gotten,比如:You could have gotten hurt! 而英式英语中是got,例如:You could have got hurt! 但需要注意的一点是,have got to do something是固定说法,不能写成have gotten to do something
介词 英式英语和美式英语在介词上的区别主要体现在at/in/on这几个词的用法上,“在周末”美式英语用on the weekend比较多,而英式英语则用at the weekend,比如英国媒体BBC的文章标题用的就是at the weekend 在否定句中美式英语会用“in+时间段”来表示某状态持续了一段时间,而英式英语用的介词是for,比如美式英语:I haven’t talked to my brother in three years. 英式英语则是:I haven’t talked to my brother for three years. 在表示街道名的时候美式英语通常用on XX Street, 英式英语用in XX Street更多。 参考资料 [1]https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/british-english-and-american-english [2]https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/six-difference-between-britsh-and-american-english/3063743.html |
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