pyqt5:利用QFileDialog从本地选择图片\文本文档显示到label、保存图片\label文本到本地（附代码） |
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pyqt5:利用QFileDialog从本地选择图片\文本文档显示到label、保存图片\label文本到本地（附代码）
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QFileDialog常用来打开保存文件或打开文件对话框，允许用户选择本地文件或者文件夹 常用方法 QFileDialog.getOpenFileName() #获取一个打开文件的文件名 QFileDialog.getOpenFileNames() #获取多个打开文件的文件名 QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory() #获取打开文件夹的文件名 QFileDialog.getOpenFileUrl() #获取一个打开文件的统一资源定位符 QFileDialog.getOpenFileUrls() #获取多个打开文件的统一资源定位符 QFileDialog.getSaveFileName() #获取保存的文件名 QFileDialog.getSaveFileUrl() #获取保存的url 一、界面我们先在qt designer上拖一个界面 然后用PyUic生成py文件，代码如下 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'QFileDialogTest.ui' # # Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.13.0 # # WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost! from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets class Ui_MainWindow(object): def setupUi(self, MainWindow): MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow") MainWindow.resize(775, 721) self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow) self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget") self.pushButton_openImage = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) self.pushButton_openImage.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 50, 93, 28)) self.pushButton_openImage.setObjectName("pushButton_openImage") self.label_image = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) self.label_image.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 50, 321, 231)) self.label_image.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.Box) self.label_image.setObjectName("label_image") self.pushButton_saveImage = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) self.pushButton_saveImage.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 100, 93, 28)) self.pushButton_saveImage.setObjectName("pushButton_saveImage") self.pushButton_openFile = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) self.pushButton_openFile.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 390, 101, 31)) self.pushButton_openFile.setObjectName("pushButton_openFile") self.label_txt = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) self.label_txt.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 450, 341, 201)) self.label_txt.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.Box) self.label_txt.setObjectName("label_txt") self.pushButton_saveFile = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) self.pushButton_saveFile.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 450, 101, 28)) self.pushButton_saveFile.setObjectName("pushButton_saveFile") self.label_filePath = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) self.label_filePath.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 380, 291, 61)) self.label_filePath.setWordWrap(True) self.label_filePath.setObjectName("label_filePath") self.pushButton_openDirectory = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) self.pushButton_openDirectory.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 320, 93, 28)) self.pushButton_openDirectory.setObjectName("pushButton_openDirectory") self.label_directoryPath = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) self.label_directoryPath.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 310, 291, 61)) self.label_directoryPath.setWordWrap(True) self.label_directoryPath.setObjectName("label_directoryPath") self.label_imagePath = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) self.label_imagePath.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(570, 60, 191, 101)) self.label_imagePath.setObjectName("label_imagePath") MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget) self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow) self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 775, 26)) self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar") MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar) self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow) self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar") MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar) self.retranslateUi(MainWindow) QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow) def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow): _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow")) self.pushButton_openImage.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开图像")) self.label_image.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "图片")) self.pushButton_saveImage.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "保存图像")) self.pushButton_openFile.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开文件")) self.label_txt.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文本内容")) self.pushButton_saveFile.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "保存文件")) self.label_filePath.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文件路径")) self.pushButton_openDirectory.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开文件夹")) self.label_directoryPath.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文件夹路径")) self.label_imagePath.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "图片路径")) 二、编写相关函数 1.打开本地图片QFileDialog.getOpenFileName()返回值有两个，第一个是选择文件的文件名（文件路径），我们可以通过这个文件名打开本地文件，第二个是选择文件的类型 有4个参数，第一个参数一般是self，第2个参数是弹出框的标题，第3个参数是打开对话框的默认地址，第4个参数是过滤字符串，一般用来限制文件类型，定义打开文件下拉框中的可选列表，并且不同的文件类型用两个分号;;隔开 def openImage(self): # 选择本地图片上传 imgName, imgType = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self.centralwidget, "打开图片", "", "*.jpg;;*.png;;All Files(*)") # 弹出一个文件选择框，第一个返回值imgName记录选中的文件路径+文件名，第二个返回值imgType记录文件的类型 jpg = QtGui.QPixmap(imgName).scaled(self.label_image.width(), self.label_image.height()) # 通过文件路径获取图片文件，并设置图片长宽为label控件的长款 self.label_image.setPixmap(jpg) # 在label控件上显示选择的图片 ps：很多教程传入的第一个参数都是self，但是如果你跟我一样点击按钮之后闪退的话，可以试试改成self.centralwidget 2.保存图片到本地首先还是打开一个保存文件的弹出框，然后保存图片到刚刚选择的路径，这里保存有两种思路 第一种是记录要保存图片原来的路径，获取到图片实例，然后把图片写入选择的路径 第二种是把图片所在label控件屏幕截图，然后保存截图（我觉得这个比较简单） def saveImage(self): # 保存图片到本地 screen = QApplication.primaryScreen() pix = screen.grabWindow(self.label_image.winId()) fd,type= QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self.centralwidget, "保存图片", "", "*.jpg;;*.png;;All Files(*)") pix.save(fd) 3.打开文件夹 def openDirectory(self): # 打开文件夹（目录） fd = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self.centralwidget, "选择文件夹", "") self.label_directoryPath.setText(fd) 4.打开本地文本文件并显示 def openTextFile(self): # 选择文本文件上传 fd,fp = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self.centralwidget, "选择文件", "", "*.txt;;All Files(*)") f=open(fd,'r') self.label_txt.setText(f.read()) self.label_filePath.setText(fd) f.close() 5.保存文本到本地 def saveTextFile(self): # 保存文本文件 fd,fp= QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self.centralwidget, "保存文件", "", "*.txt;;All Files(*)") f=open(fd,'w') f.write(self.label_txt.text()) f.close()然后关联函数 self.pushButton_openImage.clicked.connect(self.openImage) self.pushButton_saveImage.clicked.connect(self.saveImage) self.pushButton_openFile.clicked.connect(self.openTextFile) self.pushButton_saveFile.clicked.connect(self.saveTextFile) self.pushButton_openDirectory.clicked.connect(self.openDirectory) 三、效果展示
完整代码: # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QFileDialog, QApplication class Ui_MainWindow(object): def setupUi(self, MainWindow): MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow") MainWindow.resize(775, 721) self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow) self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget") self.pushButton_openImage = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) self.pushButton_openImage.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 50, 93, 28)) self.pushButton_openImage.setObjectName("pushButton_openImage") self.label_image = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) self.label_image.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 50, 321, 231)) self.label_image.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.Box) self.label_image.setObjectName("label_image") self.label_image.setScaledContents(True) # 图片填充整个框 self.pushButton_saveImage = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) self.pushButton_saveImage.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 100, 93, 28)) self.pushButton_saveImage.setObjectName("pushButton_saveImage") self.pushButton_openFile = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) self.pushButton_openFile.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 390, 101, 31)) self.pushButton_openFile.setObjectName("pushButton_openFile") self.label_txt = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) self.label_txt.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 450, 341, 201)) self.label_txt.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.Box) self.label_txt.setObjectName("label_txt") self.pushButton_saveFile = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) self.pushButton_saveFile.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 450, 101, 28)) self.pushButton_saveFile.setObjectName("pushButton_saveFile") self.label_filePath = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) self.label_filePath.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 380, 291, 61)) self.label_filePath.setWordWrap(True) self.label_filePath.setObjectName("label_filePath") self.pushButton_openDirectory = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget) self.pushButton_openDirectory.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 320, 93, 28)) self.pushButton_openDirectory.setObjectName("pushButton_openDirectory") self.label_directoryPath = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) self.label_directoryPath.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 310, 291, 61)) self.label_directoryPath.setWordWrap(True) self.label_directoryPath.setObjectName("label_directoryPath") self.label_imagePath = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) self.label_imagePath.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(570, 60, 150,100)) self.label_imagePath.setObjectName("label_imagePath") self.label_imagePath.setWordWrap(True) MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget) self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow) self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 775, 26)) self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar") MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar) self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow) self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar") MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar) self.retranslateUi(MainWindow) QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow) self.pushButton_openImage.clicked.connect(self.openImage) self.pushButton_saveImage.clicked.connect(self.saveImage) self.pushButton_openFile.clicked.connect(self.openTextFile) self.pushButton_saveFile.clicked.connect(self.saveTextFile) self.pushButton_openDirectory.clicked.connect(self.openDirectory) def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow): _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow")) self.pushButton_openImage.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开图像")) self.label_image.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "图片")) self.pushButton_saveImage.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "保存图像")) self.pushButton_openFile.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开文件")) self.label_txt.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文本内容")) self.pushButton_saveFile.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "保存文件")) self.label_filePath.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文件路径")) self.pushButton_openDirectory.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开文件夹")) self.label_directoryPath.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文件夹路径")) self.label_imagePath.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "图片路径")) def openImage(self): # 选择本地图片上传 global imgName # 这里为了方便别的地方引用图片路径，我们把它设置为全局变量 imgName, imgType = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self.centralwidget, "打开图片", "", "*.jpg;;*.png;;All Files(*)") # 弹出一个文件选择框，第一个返回值imgName记录选中的文件路径+文件名，第二个返回值imgType记录文件的类型 jpg = QtGui.QPixmap(imgName).scaled(self.label_image.width(), self.label_image.height()) # 通过文件路径获取图片文件，并设置图片长宽为label控件的长宽 self.label_image.setPixmap(jpg) # 在label控件上显示选择的图片 self.label_imagePath.setText(imgName) # 显示所选图片的本地路径 def saveImage(self): # 保存图片到本地 screen = QApplication.primaryScreen() pix = screen.grabWindow(self.label_image.winId()) fd,type= QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self.centralwidget, "保存图片", "", "*.jpg;;*.png;;All Files(*)") pix.save(fd) def openDirectory(self): # 打开文件夹（目录） fd = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self.centralwidget, "选择文件夹", "") self.label_directoryPath.setText(fd) def openTextFile(self): # 选择文本文件上传 fd,fp = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self.centralwidget, "选择文件", "", "*.txt;;All Files(*)") f=open(fd,'r') self.label_txt.setText(f.read()) self.label_filePath.setText(fd) f.close() def saveTextFile(self): # 保存文本文件 fd,fp= QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self.centralwidget, "保存文件", "", "*.txt;;All Files(*)") f=open(fd,'w') f.write(self.label_txt.text()) f.close() if __name__ == "__main__": import sys app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv) formObj = QtWidgets.QMainWindow() ui = Ui_MainWindow() ui.setupUi(formObj) formObj.show() sys.exit(app.exec_()) |
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