四六级翻译预测01|皮影戏

皮影戏(shadow play)是中国的一种民间艺术，拥有悠久的历史。皮影戏所需要的演员是用牛皮做的皮影人形，由一个或几个人控制着，并用光将它们反射到幕布上。皮影戏在陕西和甘肃地区最为流行，经常在庙会、婚礼和葬礼等场合演出。皮影戏是用来驱邪的，人们希望皮影戏的演出能给他们带来好运。精致生动的皮影人形已经成为一种收藏品，深受外国人的喜爱。

参考译文

Shadow play is a form of Chinese folk art with a long history. The actors or actresses in a shadow play are figures made of cow leather. Being controlled by one or several persons, these figures are reflected via a light on the screen. Shadow play is most popular in the area of Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces and often performed in the temple fairs, wedding ceremonies and funeral ceremonies, etc. With the purpose of driving out evil spirits, people wish that the performance of shadow play will bring them good fortune. Delicate and vivid shadow figures have become a kind of collection and are greatly loved by foreigners.

翻译要点

①第1句可用并列结构译出（Shadow play is a... and has ...)，但不如把后半句“拥有......”处理成后置定语，用介词短语with a long history表达来得简洁。

②第2句较长，可将其拆译成两个句子。在“皮影戏所需要的演员”中，定语“所需要”可以省略不译，译成The actors or actresses in ashadow play...即可将意思表达清楚。“用牛皮做的”可译为过去分词短语made of...，作figures的后置定语，使句子结构清晰简洁。在翻译“由……，并……”时，需补充主语“皮影人形”。其中前半句可处理成方式状语，用现在分词短语的被动语态来表达，译作Being controlled by...；“用光”表方式，可译为via light。

③在第3句中，“陕西”和“甘肃”宜补译性质Province(省）；“经常在……等场合演出”为无被动标识词的被动句，应译为is performed in...,并可承前省略is。

④第4句中的“皮影戏是用来驱邪的”可处理为原因状语，译作With the purpose of driving out evil spirits；“皮影戏的演出能给他们带来好运”作“希望"(wish)的宾语，可用that引导的宾语从句来表达，译为 (that) the performance of shadow play will...。

四六级翻译预测02|昆曲

昆曲(Kunqu Opera)源于江苏昆山地区，至今已有600多年的历史，它是中国戏曲最古老的存在形式之一。昆曲有一个完整的表演体系并且有自己独特的腔调。昆曲在明朝初期得到发展。从16到18世纪，它一直主宰着中国戏曲。此外，昆曲还影响了许多其他的中国戏曲形式。今天，昆曲依然在中国的一些大城市被进行表演，受到了许多人的喜爱。

参考译文

Kunqu Opera originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu. It is one of the oldest existing forms of Chinese operas with a history of more than 600 years. Kunqu Opera has a complete system of acting characterized by its own distinctive tunes. During the early Ming Dynasty, Kunqu Opera got developed and it dominated Chinese theatre from the 16th to the 18th century. In addition, Kunqu Opera has influenced many other Chinese theatre forms. Today, Kunqu Opera is still played in some major cities of China and enjoys a popularity among many people.

翻译要点

①至今已有600多年的历史:“已有600多年的历史”可译为with a history of more than 600 years,其中with ahistory of意表示“有...的历史”，more than表示“多于，超过”。

②昆曲在明朝初期得到发展:“发展”可译为develop,常用的短语有develop into, 意为“发展成为”。“明朝初期”可译为theearly Ming Dynasty,而“明朝末期”可译为the late MingDynasty。

③此外，昆曲还影响了许多其他的中国戏曲形式:“此外”可译为in addition。“影响”可译为influence，也可译为have the influence of。

四六级翻译预测03|黄梅戏

黄梅戏(Huangmei Opera)源于湖北省黄梅县的采茶歌曲，连同京剧、越剧 (Yue Opera)、评剧(Ping Opera)和豫剧(Yu Opera)是中国的五大戏曲。它最初是以一种简单的载歌载舞的戏剧形式出现的。后来，随着饱受洪水灾害的灾民，黄梅戏传到了安徽省安庆市。它吸收了徽剧和当地歌舞的元素，发展到了今天的形式。黄梅戏以一种淸新的风格反映了普通居民的生活，受到了群众的喜爱。

参考译文

Traditional Chinese wedding customs are considered as the Huangmei Opera was originated from tea picking songs in Huangmei county, Hubei province.It is one of the Five Operas in China together with Beijing Opera, Yue Opera, Ping Opera and Yu Opera.It first appeared as a simple drama of song and dance. Later, it was spread to Anqing city, Anhui province by immigrating victims of floods. Absorbing elements of Anhui Opera and local songs and dances, Huangmei Opera was developed to the present form. It enjoys great popularity among the masses by reflecting the life of ordinary people in a fresh style.

翻译要点

①黄梅戏源于湖北省黄梅共的采茶歌曲，连同京剧、越剧、评剧和豫剧是中国的五大戏曲:后半句可以理解为“黄梅戏是中国五大戏曲之一”，即 Huangmei Opera isone of the Five Operas in China。再翻译句子的剩余部分连同京剧、越剧、评剧和豫剧”时，可将其着作是句子的状语，译为together with Beijing Opera, Yue Opera, Ping Opera and Yu Opera。

②它最初是以一种简单的载歌载舞的戏剧形式出现的:“简单的载歌载舞的戏剧形式”可译为a simple drama of song and dance。

san后来，随着饱受洪水灾害的灾民，黄梅戏传到了安徽省安庆市:该句可译为被动句，其中主干则是it was spread to...by immigrating victims of floods。

四六级翻译预测04|中医Chinese medicine

中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine )有五千多年的历史，是中国古代劳动人民几千年来对抗疾病的经验总结。中医将人体看成是气、形、神的统一体，以“望、闻(auscultationand olfaction)、问、切”为其独特的诊断过程。中医使用中药、针灸(acupuncture)以及许多其他治疗手段，使人体达到阴阳调和。阴阳和五行是中医的理论基础。五行是自然界中的五种基本物质，即金、木、水、火、土。

参考译文

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has along history of more than 5,000 years. It is a summary of the experience of theworking people over many centuries of struggle against diseases. TCM considers humanbody as a unity of QI, XING and SHEN. The diagnostic process of TCMdistinguishes itself by “observation，auscultation andolfaction, inquiry and pulse diagnosis”. TCM uses traditional Chinese medicine,acupuncture and many other treatment means to make human body be harmonybetween YIN and YANG. The concepts of YIN-YANG and WU XING laid atheoreticalfoundation for TCM. WU XING refers to five basic substances in the nature, thatis, metal, wood, water, fire, and earth.

翻译要点

①气、形、神的统一体:“气、形、神”这种中文词汇在英文中鲜有恰当的词汇与之对应，翻译成拼音即可;“统一体”可译为unity

②望、闻、问、切:“望”即“观察”，可译为observation;“闻”有“听”的意思，也有“嗅”的意思，在中医里也是如此，原文里已经给出提示，译为 auscultation and olfaction; “问”即“询问”，翻译为 inquiry; “切” 指“诊脉”，翻译为pulse diagnosis

③阴阳调和:即阴阳平衡，可译为make YIN and YANG in equilibrium或者 beharmony between YIN and YANG

④金:五行中的“金”不是“金子”，而是“金属”之意，所以要翻译成metal, 而不要译成gold。

四六级翻译预测05|婚姻Marriage

（1）中国人称结婚为终身大事，因为中国人的家族观念很重，认为齐家是治国的根本。（2）中国古人不断告诉读书人，要想替国家做事，必须先把家庭治理好。（3）中国人不仅把婚姻看成一男一女的结合，还把它当作社会的基础，是很庄重的事，一点也不能马虎。（4）旧式的中国婚姻，并不是自己选择对象，而是由家长做主，还需要媒人的介绍。（5）到了现代，婚姻由自己做主，但是仍要征求家长同意。

参考译文

Chinese people define marriage as a lifelong event, because they have a strong family ideal, with the belief that running a good family is the foundation for running the country. Chinese ancients kept warning scholars that they should run their families well before they could work for the country. Therefore, Chinese people regard marriage not only as the union of a man and a woman, but also as the foundation of society, which should be treated with solemnity and without the least rashness. in old Chinese marriage arrangements, one didn't choose his or her spouse, who was instead arranged by the parents with the help of matchmakers. In modern times, one chooses his or her own marriage partner, but still with the assent of the parents.

翻译要点

①本句第一个短句的主语是“中国人”，第三个短句的逻辑主语也是“中国人”，为便于将三个短句合并译为英语长句，第二个短句可以转化为“中国人有很重的家族观念”来翻译，从而将其主语从“中国人的家族观念”转换为“中国人”。第三个短句的译法较多，既可以译为介词短语，也可以译为分词短语。

Chinese people define marriage as a lifelong event, because they have a strong family ideal, with the belief that running a good family is the foundation for running the country.

Chinese people define marriage as a lifelong event, because they have a strong family ideal, believing that running a good family is the foundation for running the country.

②短句“要想替国家做事”和“必须先把家庭治理好”都是无主句。根据第一个短句可判断出，后两个短句的逻辑主语都是“读书人”，翻译时需增添主语they，以使译文句子结构完整。

Chinese ancients kept warning scholars that they should run their families well before they could work for the country.

③“不仅……还……”可以采用并列结构句型“not only ... but also ... ”来译，这样“把……看成……”和“把……当作……”两个重复的短语只需译出一个即可。“是很庄重的事，一点也不能马虎”是无主句，根据上文可知其逻辑主语是“婚姻”，翻译时可以采用关系代词which作主语，替代“婚姻”(marriage)，从而将后两个短句译为定语从句，连接到主句上。

Therefore, Chinese people regard marriage not only as the union of a man and a woman, but also as the foundation of society, which should be treated with solemnity and without the least rashness.

④这句话讲的是过去的情况，其译文需采用过去时。“旧式的中国婚姻”并非是“自己选择对象”的主语，而是表示“在旧式的婚姻中，(人们)并不是自己选择对象”，翻译时需增添主语one，表示是当时普遍存在的情况。

In old Chinese marriage arrangements, one didn't choose his or her spouse, who was instead arranged by the parents with the help of matchmakers.

⑤ “婚姻”并非是“自己做主”的主语，而是表示“在婚姻中，(人们)自己做主”，翻译时需添加主语one，以使译文句子完整、逻辑合理。

In modern times, one chooses his or her own marriage partner, but still with the assent of the parents.

四六级翻译预测06|琴棋书画

（1）中国人最懂得消遣，中国从前的读书人，闲暇时间以琴棋书画作为消遣。（2）在中国人看来，艺术品的好坏，意味着作者人格的高低，所以弹琴、下棋、写字和绘画，都代表着一个人的修养。（3）弹琴不是要做音乐家，而是随着美妙的琴声，进入一个辽阔的世界，净化自己的心灵。（4）下棋不是为了胜负，而是磨练耐性和使人眼光远大。（5）写字不仅是把字写漂亮，同时也是为了陶冶情操。（6）绘画则是借着画面上的简单线条，表现自己的想象的世界。

参考译文

Music, Chess, Calligraphy and Painting

Chinese people have the best idea about recreation. Scholars of ancient times enjoyed themselves through music, chess, calligraphy and painting in their leisure time. In the eyes of the Chinese people, the quality of the artifacts is a reflection of the character of the creator. Thus, playing musical instruments, playing chess, writing calligraphy or painting show one's culture. By playing music, one does not aim to be a musician but to enter a broader world, purifying one's soul in the beautiful music. By playing chess, one does not aim to be the winner but to cultivate patience and foresight. By calligraphy, one aims not only to write beautifully but also to improve his mind. Through painting, one expresses an imaginary world with simple lines.

翻译要点

（1）这句话中的“最懂得消遣”容易被译为know recreation best，这一译法存在模糊信息，是know recreation better than other people know it? 还是knowrecreation better than they know anything else? 因此这一译法不可取。建议译者不妨将“最懂得”进行转换，译为have the best idea，译文就会显得较为清晰。“以琴棋书画”在原文中作状语，翻译时可将其放在谓语之后。

（2）“人格的高低”中的“高低”可省略不译，也就是说“艺术品的质量反映了作者的人格”。动词“意味着”可以转译为名词reflection或symbol。

（3）原文中“做音乐家”的逻辑主语并非是“弹琴”，而是“弹琴的人”，译文需要加以补充，采用one或you作主语。“不是……而是……”可以用英语的并列结构句型“not ... but ...”来翻译。“随着美妙的琴声”在原文中作状语，翻译时可将其置于谓语之后。

（4）这句话的主语同样应当采用one或you，而非“下棋”。“胜负”可转译为名词the winner。

（5）写字不仅是把字写漂亮，同时也是为了陶冶情操。　解析　　这句话的主语同样应当采用one或you，而非“写字”。“不仅……而且……”可以用英语的并列结构句型“not only ... but also ...”来翻译。

（6）这句话的主语同样应当采用one或you，而非“绘画”。本句中的主干部分是“表现自己的想象的世界”，“借着画面上的简单线条”是动作的状语，翻译时可以用with引导的介词结构，将其置于谓语之后。

四六级翻译预测07|中国菜系

参考译文

China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines”in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.

四六级翻译预测08|种花赏花

种花和赏花是中国人日常的消遣。在诗人和画家的笔下，花儿更是多姿多彩。一年四季中，有许多种花儿先后开放。中国人最爱的花儿，有牡丹、荷花、菊花、梅花。春天是牡丹盛开的时节。夏天荷花盛开，它虽然从污泥中生长出来，却是纯洁芳香，很像高尚的君子。秋风吹起，树上的叶子落了，只有菊花不怕风霜，傲然开放。在冰天雪地的冬天，没有一点儿生气，梅花仍然在风雪中盛开。梅花最能代表中国人不屈不挠的精神。

参考译文

Planting and Admiring Flowers

Planting and admiring flowers are a daily-life recreation of Chinese people. Flowers are diversely beautiful in the works of poets and painters. Many kinds of flowers appear in successive bloom through the seasons. Some othe favorite flowers in China are peonies, lotuses, chrysanthemums and plum blossoms. Spring is the ideal time for peonies. In summer, lotuses are in full bloom, pure and fragrant like noble gentlemen, though they emerge from the dirty mud. When the autumn wind blows off the leaves, the chrysanthemums blossom against wind and frost. In the lifeless winter world of ice and snow, plum blossoms are in full bloom against wind and snow. The Chinese consider plum blossoms to be representative of their own enduring spirit.

翻译要点

① “有许多种花儿先后开放”中的“先后开放”可以转译为介词短语in successive bloom

②“夏天荷花盛开”中的动词“盛开”可以转译为介词短语in full bloom。“菊花不怕风霜，傲然开放”中“不怕风霜”可以转译为without fear of wind and frost，或者against wind and frost

四六级翻译预测09|酒和茶

（1）酒和茶能给人增加生活情趣，可是不懂生活艺术的人，就享受不到这种情趣。（2）饮酒喝茶都要慢慢品尝，细细玩味，才能得到美妙的感受。（3）能有几样可口的小菜，两三位谈得来的朋友，大家聚在一起小斟，那真是人生乐事。（4）至于喝茶，就是没有朋友陪伴，也可以一人独享。（5）如果有一杯新茶，一卷好书，坐在那儿慢慢地享受，可能比做皇帝还自在呢。

参考译文

Liquor and Tea

Liquor and tea add spice to life, which cannot be appreciated without a knowledge of the art of life. One has to sip and savor both liquor and tea so as to appreciate their fascinating pleasures. It is great pleasure in life to drink with two or three intimate friends, while eating delicious food. As for tea, one can enjoy it alone, without the company of friends. It is more pleasurable than being an emperor to enjoy oneself in leisure with a cup of fresh tea and a good book.

翻译要点

(1) 这句话中的“不懂生活艺术”可以译为介词短语without a knowledge of the art of life。第一和第三个短句中都出现了“情趣”一词，如果将“不懂生活艺术的人就享受不到这种情趣”转为被动语态来翻译，以“情趣”为主语的话，就可以和“酒和茶能给人增加生活情趣”句尾的“情趣”重合，这样就可以将后面的“情趣”用关系代词which代替，采用定语从句的形式来翻译汉语短句。

(2) “慢慢品尝”和“细细玩味”可以用两个具体的动词sip和savor来翻译。“得到美妙的感受”是“慢慢品尝”和“细细玩味”的目的，可处理为不定式结构so as to。

(3) “那真是人生乐事”是全句的结论部分，英语中通常将表示结论的话放在句首，将具体信息置于结论之后。

(4) 动词“陪伴”可转译为名词company，如此一来，短句“没有朋友陪伴”可译为英语介词短语without the company of friends，译文的表达更为简练。

(5) “可能比做皇帝还自在”的主语为“有一杯新茶，一卷好书，坐在那儿慢慢地享受”。该主语过长，翻译时可以采用形式主语it来指代，将真正的主语用不定式结构置于句末。

四六级翻译预测10中国古代神话故事

尽管中国古代神话(mythology)没有十分完整的情节，神话人物也没有系统的家谱(genealogy)，但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色，其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比较时，显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中，对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准则，而中国古代神话对神的褒贬则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植于中国的文化之中。几千年来，这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。

参考译文

Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don’t have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant.When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent.In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god’s wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality. This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people’s comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.

翻译要点

1）神话人物:可译为mythological figures。

2）系统的家谱:可译为systematic genealogy。其中systematic意为系统的，是system的形容词形式。

3）其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神:将此句译为定语从句among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant,承接前一句，可以使译文结构更加紧凑，逻辑更加清晰。

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