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1、主谓一致一、 主语和谓语必须在人称上一致1. 一般说来，主语和谓语必须在人称上一致，不受修饰语影响：Eg: The results of exam show that youve all made good progress. The questions raised by Mr. White are very important.The building among the trees is our pubilc library.2. 如果主语表示一个抽象感念，一般用单数谓语 Eg: Growing flowers is no easy job. That we have made amaz

2、ing achievements is an undeniable fact.3. 当主语中包含and时，若指的是一个东西，可用单数谓语，若指的是两样东西，则需用复数谓语。 Eg: The iron and steel indusry plays an important part in our national economy. To try and fail is better than not to try all. To mean to do something and to actually do something are different things. 4. 如果主语是单数，

3、尽管后面跟有with， togrther with，as well as, but except 等词引起的短语，谓语仍用单数形式，因为这类短语多用作修饰语。Eg: An iron and steel works, with several satellite factories, is being built in the city.An expert, together with some assitants ,was sent there to help in the work.二、 主谓一致的原则主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称和数的一致。一个句子中主、谓一致，通常遵循三个

4、基本原则：语法一致，即形式上一致；概念一致，即概念或意念上的一致；邻近一致，即指谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。1. 语法一致原则在通常情况下，一个句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词取单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词取复数形式。This exercise on English idioms is not easy.The visitors are interested in The Great Wall.The man with many students around him is a professor.2. 概念一致原则(1) 主语是抽象概念、短语或从句，

5、谓语用单数形式。To tell lies is wrong.How this happened is not clear to anyone.注：用what或which引导的主语从句或简单句中的数的概念取决于它所代表的事物。Which is your seat?Which are your seat?What she did is not yet know.What they gave me as reward are some books.(2) 两个或两个以上的主语用and 和 both连接时，谓语动词用复数形式。(3) 如果and所连接的主语指同一个人，或者同一样东西，谓语动词用单数形式

6、。3. 邻近一致原则由 not only but also, neithernor, eitheror, or 连接的并列主语，其谓语的数与邻近的主语保持一致。Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film.Neither he or I am mistaken.Either he or you are to go there.Are you or he right?三、 主谓一致的常见情况1 单数名词由and连接两个或两个以上由and连接起来并列做主语时，谓语动词用复数。2. and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物

7、时，谓语动词用单数。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。3. toursers等做主语由两个相同部分连接成一体的表示衣物或工具等的复数名词，trousers, shoes, glasses, chopsticks等单独做主语时，谓语动词一般用复数；单如果与 “a pair of” 等表示数量单位的短语一起构成主语时，谓语动词则由两次的单复数来确定。My trousers are on the bed.A pair of trousers is on the bed.Two pairs of trousers ar

8、e on the bed.4. 由介词、介词词组和某些连接词的两个并列名词或代词做主语，如 as well as, as much as, rather than, no less than, together with ,more than, along with, besides, including, in addition to, not , with, except, but, like等，谓语动词应与前面真正的主语保持一致。I together with my parents am going to visit uncle Smith.A library with five tho

9、usand books _ by the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offeredNo one but Jone and Jim was there yesterday.5. 不定代词none以及由“none/either/neither +of +复数名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词单复数均可，着取决于说话人的侧重意义。None knew when that was. (强调所有人)None is so good as he. （强调每一个人）Neither of th

10、em have replied.（强调他们两个都没有答复）Neither of them had replied. （强调他们两个谁也没有答复）6. 数词作主语时，谓语用单数，但在四则运算中，谓语单复数均可。Ten is a round number.Ten times five is/are fifty.7. “分数（百分数）+ of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数依据of 后的名词的数而定。8. 表示部分概念或不定数量的名词代词作主语，如half of,most of, the rest of , the remineder of, lots of.plenty of等，谓语动词的数依o

11、f 后的名词的数而定。9. all, any,some 作主语，谓语的数应根据所指的具体事物而定。All are present.All that can be done has been done.10. Each 修饰名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。但each若位于复数主语后或句末作同位语，谓语用复数。Each student has a dictionary.Each of the students has a dictionary.The students each have a dictionary.The students have a dictionary each.11. news

12、, maths, physics 等名词虽然是复数形式，但表示单一概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数。No news has come from him.Maths is easy to learn to some students.12. 表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数，若侧重个体，谓语动词用单数。Ten years is a very short time.A hundred miles has covered.Three years have passed since he left.13. “more than one + 单数名词” 作主

13、语，谓语用单数。但“more + 名词复数+than one”作主语，谓语用复数。More than one person agrees with you.More people than one have made the suggestion.14. everybody, everyone, anyone, someone等复合代词作主语，谓语用单数。15. “this kind of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。但“名词复数+of this kind”作主语，谓语动词用复数。This kind of apples sells well in the market.Apples of

14、 this kind sell well in the market.主谓一致真题：1. Neither Jone nor I _ able to persuade Richards grandfanter to attend the wedding. (2003.11) A. am B. are C. are able to D. is2. Classes _, the students left for home without delay. (2004.4)A. were over B. being over C. are over D.over3.Mr. Smith, together

15、 with his wife and children, _ going to the party this weekend.(2004.11)A. am B. is C. are D. will4. The teacher, as well as all his students, _ by the dancers perfemance.(2005.4) A. was impressed B. had impreseed C. impressed D. were impressed5. It was not until dawn_ their way out of the forest.(2

16、006.4)A. when they found B. that they found C. did they find D. that they didnt lind6. Professor Smith, alone with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.(2007.4)A. work B.working C. is working D. are working7. Did you see her off the day before yesterday? (2008.11) No,

17、but I wish I _.A. were B. did C. having D. had8. How close parents are to their children _ a strong influenceon the development of the childrens character. (2009.11)A. have B. has C. having D. had参考答案：ABBA BCCB倒装一、倒装语序主语在前，谓语动词在后，这是英语句子的正常语序，有时候，为了强调句子或句子结构的需要，把谓语的一部分或全部放在主语之前，主语和谓语倒置，这就是倒装结构。倒装语序的句

18、子不占多数，却也不少。1. 全部倒装（整个谓语都提到主语前）In came a man with a white beard. 忽然进来一个白胡子老头。There comes a bus.2. 部分倒装（只有部分谓语提前）How did you like the show ?How are you getiing on in your new job?3. 疑问句大部分都用倒装语序。二、 倒装的基本用法1. 用于疑问句Can you speak English?Who is the man standing over there?2. 用于there be结构或引导there，here开头的句

19、子。There are some treeas behind the house.There came a cry for help.There used to be a shop round the street corner.There goes the bell.Here comes the teacher.3. 用于否定前置的句子这类否定有：not，不never，从不hardly， barely， scarcely, 几乎不little,一点儿也不 nerver before, 以前从未not until, 直到才no sooner than ，刚就under no circumsta

20、nces， by no means, in no case, 决不in no time, 很快nowhere, 没有地方not only but also, 不仅而且Little did he know that the police were around. Never have I seen such a good film.Hardly could she believe her own eyes.Nowhere was the key to be found.Seldom does he come recently.By no means shall I change the plan

21、.Not until last night did he return home.Not only is he my teacher, but also he is my friend.4. only 修饰状语位于句首时，后面引起部分倒装。但only修饰其他成分不引起倒装。Only I have got the invitation. (强调主语，不用倒装)Only in my house do they feel at home.Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this can we succeed.Only recently

22、 have I had time to do the work.Only after the accident did he become careful.Only after he eaplained it did I enderstand it.5. 用于so 开头的句子So 用于肯定句，放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于他人或物，构成：so + be动词（助，情态V）+主语，意为“同样，也一样”Tom went to the park yesterday. So did Jim.He is very diligent. So are they.注： 如果so 表示“确实，的确”时，后面

23、不倒装。It was cold yesterday. So it was.6. 用于nor 或neither开头的句子I dont know when to leave. Nor does he.We cant get back before eleven oclock. Neither can they.7. 用于sothat 句型So that句型中，So位于句首时，要用倒装。结构是so+形容词+动词+主语。So easy is the book that even a child can read it.So fast did he run that we couldnt catch u

24、p with him.So loudly did he speak that everyone in the room could hear him clearly.8. 用于省略了if的虚拟条件句含有were，should，或had的虚拟条件句，可以省略if，把条件句倒装，构成were（should，had）+ 主语Were I in his positon, I wouldnt do that.Should he come tomorrow, I would tell you.Had it not been for captain, the ship would have sunk.Had

25、 he taken my advice, he might have succeeded.9. 用于省略了though 或although的让步状语从句以though或although引导的让步状语从句，有时候可以把though或although 省略，而把从句改为倒装，构成名词/形容词/副词/动词 + as +主语+动词的倒装形式Hard as he studies, he cant pass the exam.Try as she may, she cant finish it on time.10. 用于某些以介词短语作地点状语开头的句子By his side stood a little boy.Near the factory was a hospital.6