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2023年初中英语语法精讲：常考副词用法归纳（8）副词even的几点用法1. 表示“甚至”，通常应放在被修饰词语之前，否则会引起含义的变化。比较：Even now he doesn’t believe me. 甚至到现在他还不相信我。（其他时候就不用说了）Now even he doesn’t believe me. 现在连他都不相信我了。（其他人就更不会相信我了）Now he doesn’t even believe me. 现在他甚至不相信我了。（其他方面的事就更不可能了）Now he doesn’t believe even me. 现在他甚至连我都不相信了。（其他人就更不会相信了）2. 用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级，表示“比（已经……的）更加……”。如：Your cooking is even worse than Harry’s. 你的烹饪技术甚至比哈里还差。Sally drives fast, but Olive drives even faster. 萨莉开车开得很快，奥利夫开得更快。You seem even more stupid than usual today. 你今天好像比平时更加笨了。3. even 是副词，不是连词，所以不要误用它引导从句。如：就算你看见是他拾起的钱，你也不能肯定钱就是他偷的。误：Even you saw him pick up the money, you can’t be sure he stole it.正：Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can’t be sure he stole it.另外，它也不能用介词，将它误用作介词也是初学者常犯的错误。如：我即便听了他的解释，仍然不明白。误：Even listening to his explanation I’m none the wiser.正：Even after listening to his explanation I’m none the wiser.in here与in therehere 和 there 虽为副词，但它们却可以与某些介词搭配，其中最典型的就是 in here 和 in there。一、in herein here 和here含义有所不同：in here 指“在这里面”，here 仅表示“在这儿”。It is very hot here. 这里很热。（可能指一个较大的范围）It is very hot in here. 这里面很热。（可能指一个较小的范围，尤其指一个相对封闭的范围）根据语意的需要，我们也可以说 around here（在这附近，在这周围），over here（到这边来）等。如：Methane gas does collect in the mines around here. 周围的矿井里的确有沼气聚积。The majority of people around here are decent people. 这里的大多数人都很正派。Diana says you told her to come over here. 戴安娜说是你让她到这儿来的。Come over here and I’ll tell you a secret. 你如到这儿来，我就告诉你一个秘密。Don’t stay there in the corner by e over here and talk to us. 不要独自呆在角落里。过来跟我们聊聊吧。但是，英语习惯上不能说 at here。二、in therein there与 in here 的用法差不多，意思指“在那儿里面”（尽管在具体翻译时不一定这样表达，但它的意思通常应这样理解）。如：Get back in there, or you'll be sorry. 滚回那边去，否则你会后悔的。There's room in there for a family of five. 那儿能住下五口之家。Every aircraft in there has sustained some damage. 那里的每架飞机都受到了一些损坏。She nodded towards the drawing room. “He's in there.” 她朝客厅方向扬了扬头说：“他在那里面。”There's room in there for a family of five. 那儿能住下五口之家。根据语意的需要，我们也可以说 around there（在那附近，在那周围），over there（在那边）等。如：There are scarcely any flies left around there. 那周围几乎没有任何苍蝇了。The post office is somewhere around there. 邮局就在那一溜儿。There were several kids lolling around outside the club. 有几个小孩在俱乐部外面闲荡。The hydraulic lift is over there. 液压升降机在那儿。His house is over there a piece. 他的房子在那边，离这儿有一段距离。The girl over there about six years old called him daddy. 那边那个大约六岁的女孩叫他爸爸。但是，英语习惯上不能说 at therehardly与hardly ever的区别1. hardly 只是一般的否定副词，其意为 almost not, barely, scarcely。如：He hardly looked at it 他几乎没看它。He can hardly be right. 他不大可能是对的。I was so tired that I could hardly walk. 我累得几乎走不动了。He’s so stupid; I hardly think I’ll want to talk with him! 他那么笨，我简直不想跟他说话！2. hardly ever 其实是表示一种否定的频度，相当于 rarely, seldom, almost never等。如：It hardly ever snows here. 这儿几乎从不下雪。I hardly ever see Brian these days. 这几天我难得见到布赖恩。I’ve got so little time, I hardly ever read newspapers. 我时间很紧，不怎么看报。My mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 我母亲住得那么远，我们很少见到她。3. 在 hardly…when [before]…（一…就…）这一句式中，原则不能用 hardly ever，因为这里的 hardly 并不表频率。如：I had hardly closed my eyes when the telephone rang. 我刚合上眼，电话铃就响了。We had hardly started when it began to rain. 我们刚出发就下起雨来。We had hardly started when it began to rain. 我们刚出发，天就开始下雨了。We had hardly entered into the matter when he came in. 我们刚开始讨论此事，他就来了。副词有无ly及其用法区别有些形容词变为副词时，可在词尾加-ly，也可以不加，两者在含义和用法上有相同之处，也有不同之处：1. bright 与brightly的用法区别两者都可表示“明亮地”，但bright通常只与shine连用，且应置于其后，而brightly则可与其他动词(或分词等)连用，且可置于动词之前或之后：The stars were shining bright [brightly]. 星光灿烂。The temple is brightly painted. 这座庙被漆得亮堂堂的。2. cheap 与cheaply的用法区别两者均可表示“便宜地”、“廉价地”，但前者主要与表示“买”(如buy, get, pick up等)或“卖”(如sell)之类的动词连用，且置于其后；后者用法较广，可置于动词之前或之后：The radio was cheaply bought [was bought cheap]. 这收音机买得很便宜。The room was cheaply furnished. 屋里配置了便宜的家具。3. clear与clearly的用法区别两者均可表示“清晰地”、“不模糊地”，有时可换用，但是若其前有修饰语，则只能用clearly：He spoke loud(ly) and clear(ly). 他说得既宏亮又清楚。He spoke quite [very] clearly. 他说得很清楚。4. deep与deeply的用法区别两者均可表示“深”、“深深地”，修饰具体的动作, 有时可互换：The doctor asked me to breathe deep [deeply]. 医生叫我做深呼吸。修饰静止状态、介词短语或表示深夜等，通常用deep(偶尔也用deeply)：He sat there deep in thought. 他坐在那儿深思。The meeting continued deep into the night. 会议一直开到深夜。Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。修饰带有感彩的动词(如 hate, dislike, love, admire, hurt, regret 等)，通常要用 deeply，另外，修饰形容词、过去分词等，一般也要用 deeply：He deeply hates fish. 他很不喜欢吃鱼。We deeply regret your misfortune. 我们对你的不幸深表遗憾。I am deeply grateful to you. 我衷心感谢你。He was deeply moved by [at] the story. 听了这个故事，他深受感动。5. direct 与directly的用法区别两者均可表示“径直地”、“直接地”，但direct 通常只位于动词之后，而 directly 则可位于动词之前或之后：We flew direct [directly] to Paris. 我们直飞巴黎。You’d better write direct [directly] to her. 你最好直接给她写信。His speech directly affected the strike. 他的演讲直接影响了罢工。6. easy与easily的用法区别easy用作副词通常只用于某些特定的表达中：Take it [things] easy. 别着急(慢慢来)。Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得快。Easier said than done. 说来容易做来难。而easily 的用法则很广，除表示“容易地”、“轻而易举地”外， 还可表示“无疑地”、“可能地”，可用于动词之前或之后：I can easily finish the work. 我可以毫不费力地完成这工作。She is easily the cleverest girl in the class. 她无疑是这个班最聪明的女孩。7. firm 与firmly的用法区别firm 用作副词的用法十分有限，通常只能与 stand, hold, stay 等少数动词连用，且位于动词之后；而firmly 的用法则十分广泛，且可位于动词之前或之后：Always hold firm to your beliefs. 一定要坚守信仰。They stood firm against the war. 他们坚决反对战争。I firmly believe that it is true. 我坚信那是真的。The fence posts were fixed firmly in the ground. 栅栏的立柱牢牢地固定在地上。【注】hold firmly 通常用于本义，指“紧紧握住”；而 hold firm 则通常用于引申义，指“坚持(原则、理想、信仰等)”。8. free 与freely的用法区别free用作副词意为“免费地”、“松动地”，总是位于动词之后；freely的意思很多，可以表示“自由地”，“随便地”，“无限制地”，“心甘情愿地”，“慷慨地”等，可位于动词之前或之后：Children are admitted free. 儿童免费入场。You may speak freely. 你可以直言。I freely admit that I made a mistake. 我心甘情愿承认我弄错了。9. high与highly的用法区别两者均可表示“高”，但high通常表示具体的高，且主要修饰动词；highly 主要表示很高的程度(意为“高度地”、“非常地”)，除修饰动词(如 speak, praise, think of等)外，还通常用于修饰分词或形容词(尤其是那些由动词派生而来的形容词, 有时相当于 very much)：He climbed high. 他爬得很高。He speaks very highly of you. 他十分赞赏你。His report is highly scientific. 他的报告是很科学的。She is a highly educated woman. 她是受过很高教育的女人。【注】在用连字符构成的复合形容词中，通常要用 high：high-priced 高价的10. quick与quickly的用法区别两者均可表示“快”，在口语中，一般多用quick(尤其在需要用比较级或最高级时)，并且总是放在动词之后；若放在动词之前，一般用quickly：Come quick(ly). There’s been an accident. 快来，出事故了。You get there quicker by bus. 你坐汽车去那儿会快一些。He quickly changed his clothes. 他迅速地换了衣服。11. slow 与slowly的用法区别两者都可表示“慢”，但slow通常只与少数动词(如 go, drive, pass, climb, run, walk 等)连用，且应置于其后；而slowly则用法较广，且可置于动词之前或之后，有时还可置于句首：He walked slowly [slow] up the path. 他沿着那条小路慢慢地走着。She slowly opened the door. 她慢慢地把门打开。Slowly, things began to improve. 情况渐渐有了好转。【注】在某些特殊句型(如感叹句等)中，slow也可放在主语之前：How slow [slowly] the time passes! 时间过得真慢!The slower you drive, the safer you are. 车开得越慢就越安全。12. tight与tightly的用法区别两者均可表示“紧紧地”，但tight通常只用于动词之后，而tightly则可用于动词之前或之后：Please hold it tight [tightly]. 请紧紧握住它。We were tightly packed in the bus. 我们在公共汽车里紧紧地挤在一起。

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