齿轮泵的概念是很简单的，即它的最基本形式就是两个尺寸相同的齿轮在一个紧密配合的壳体内相互啮合旋转，这个壳体的内部类似“8”字形，两个齿轮装在里面，齿轮的外径及两侧与壳体紧密配合。

来自于挤出机的物料在吸入口进入两个齿轮中间，并充满这一空间，随着齿的旋转沿壳体运动，最后在两齿啮合时排出。 在术语上讲，齿轮泵也叫正排量装置，即像一个缸筒内的活塞，当一个齿进入另一个齿的流体空间时，液体就被机械性地挤排出来。

因为液体是不可压缩的，所以液体和齿就不能在同一时间占据同一空间，这样，液体就被排除了。由于齿的不断啮合，这一现象就连续在发生，因而也就在泵的出口提供了一个连续排除量，泵每转一转，排出的量是一样的。

随着驱动轴的不间断地旋转，泵也就不间断地排出流体。泵的流量直接与泵的转速有关。

实际上，在泵内有很少量的流体损失，这使泵的运行效率不能达到100%，因为这些流体被用来润滑轴承及齿轮两侧，而泵体也绝不可能无间隙配合，故不能使流体100%地从出口排出，所以少量的流体损失是必然的。然而泵还是可以良好地运行，对大多数挤出物料来说，仍可以达到93%~98%的效率。

对于粘度或密度在工艺中有变化的流体，这种泵不会受到太多影响。如果有一个阻尼器，比如在排出口侧放一个滤网或一个限制器，泵则会推动流体通过它们。

如果这个阻尼器在工作中变化，亦即如果滤网变脏、堵塞了，或限制器的背压升高了，则泵仍将保持恒定的流量，直至达到装置中最弱的部件的机械极限（通常装有一个扭矩限制器）。 对于一台泵的转速，实际上是有限制的，这主要取决于工艺流体，如果传送的是油类，泵则能以很高的速度转动，但当流体是一种高粘度的聚合物熔体时，这种限制就会大幅度降低。

推动高粘流体进入吸入口一侧的两齿空间是非常重要的，如果这一空间没有填充满，则泵就不能排出准确的流量，所以PV值（压力*流速）也是另外一个限制因素，而且是一个工艺变量。由于这些限制，齿轮泵制造商将提供一系列产品，即不同的规格及排量（每转一周所排出的量）。

这些泵将与具体的应用工艺相配合，以使系统能力及价格达到最优。 PEP-II泵的齿轮与轴共为一体，采用通体淬硬工艺，可获得更长的工作寿命。

“D”型轴承结合了强制润滑机理，使聚合物经轴承表面，并返回到泵的进口侧，以确保旋转轴的有效润滑。这一特性减少了聚合物滞留并降解的可能性。

精密加工的泵体可使“D”型轴承与齿轮轴精确配合，确保齿轮轴不偏心，以防齿轮磨损。Parkool密封结构与聚四氟唇型密封共同构成水冷密封。

这种密封实际上并不接触轴的表面，它的密封原理是将聚合物冷却到半熔融状态而形成自密封。也可以采用Rheoseal密封，它在轴封内表上加工有反向螺旋槽，可使聚合物被反压回到进口。

为便于安装，制造商设计了一个环形螺栓安装面，以使与其它设备的法兰安装相配合，这使得筒形法兰的制造更容易。 PEP-II齿轮泵带有与泵的规格相匹配的加热元件，可供用户选配，这可保证快速加温和热量控制。

与泵体内加热方式不同，这些元件的损坏只限于一个板子上，与整个泵无关。 齿轮泵由一个独立的电机驱动，可有效地阻断上游的压力脉动及流量波动。

在齿轮泵出口处的压力脉动可以控制在1%以内。在挤出生产线上采用一台齿轮泵，可以提高流量输出速度，减少物料在挤出机内的剪切及驻留时间，降低挤塑温度及压力脉动以提高生产率及产品质量。

The concept of gear pump is very simple, that it is two of the most basic form of the same size gear in a close co-operation of mutual engagement with the rotating shell, the shell's internal similar "8" shape, the two gears mounted inside , the diameter of gear and work closely with both sides and shell. From the extruder the material inhaled into the mouth of two intermediate gears, and full of the space, with the teeth along the shell of the rotary movement, the final two hours from the meshing teeth. Speaking in terms of gear, also known as positive displacement pump device, that is, inside the cylinder like a piston, when a tooth to another tooth space of the fluid, the liquid was squeezed mechanically to row out. Because the liquid is incompressible, so the liquid and the tooth at the same time will not be able to occupy the same space, so that the liquid has been ruled out. Because of the constant mesh gear, this phenomenon occurs on a row and, therefore, the pump provides a continuous export to exclude the amount of a turn each pump, the volume of discharge is the same. With the continuous rotation of the driveshaft, pump fluid is continuously discharged. Pump flow directly to the speed of the pump. In fact, there is little pump of the fluid loss, which makes the operation of pumps can not achieve 100% efficiency, as these fluids are used to on both sides of bearing and gear lubrication, and the pump body is also not possible with no gap, it can not be so that 100% of fluid 。

截留阀紧急停车技术

截留阀在油管破裂事故中紧急停车性能优良。使用司机旁边的开关，以伐木起重机为例，当漏油时能够紧急关断油泵。

此系统能够防止大量的油泄漏，同时又对环境污染少。

开关电容和双旁路设计。

旁路开|关。

使用旁路就无需上下电来驱动油泵，可以带电操作。双电控旁路阀，通常跟被激活的换向阀一起工作，必要时可以打开每个液压回路（具体例子见下页）。双旁路只在SC 56/26时可用.

发动机结合车载电源起动就是一个典型的应用实例。

旁路阀的工作原理是当空载无压力时是油再循环使用。如果此设备包含一个封闭的中心阀，那么当循环泵压为0.15兆帕斯卡或以上时，油箱中就会装入一个独立的冷却供油的管子。

此阀能够避免全操作压力并具有很低的压降。

可溶性泵也可以在管线上安装旁路来断开一两个油路。

例如开关电容双回路泵。

三速度

SC 56/26的旁路阀能够调节液压性能的速度通过控制以下几点：

1.只有小流量

2.只有大流量

3.大小流量一起

两个液压回路必须通过单向阀和两个独立回路连接。

SC 56/26的旁路阀也能够用来开关两个独立液压电路，使其相互独立并彻底关断。

每个液压回路必须有压力限制阀。

说明：

1.很抱歉翻译的比较仓促，我们研究所要关门了，有疑问请留言。

2.savtec 我查了好久不知道是什么的缩写。但不影响翻译。

3.此文档中有几处错误，单词和语法错误都有。

呵呵希望有所帮助

呵呵根据补充的我又改了，正文中翻译就是愿意啊，呵呵 共同探讨下吧

英文：Mud pump fluid shear pump shear Fluid shear pump is a way to quickly configure and deal with mud solids control equipment, can be configured to meet the performance requirements of the mud. Effective mixing, add sufficient hydration fluid in the material, saving the use of slurry materials, reducing configuration time mud for drilling mud to provide a good performance. Features: drilling fluid shear pump to move soil particles can greatly improve the degree of hydration. Move soil particles in water dispersion and hydration depend on: water and electrolyte content, time, temperature, surface replacement of the number and concentration of cations in the other conditions being equal, the use of drilling fluid shear pump can save 30% bentonite Peng more than make polymer drilling fluid shear pump shear thinning as soon as possible, hydration. Mud used in the high molecular weight polymers, directly into the hydration is not easy, so the polymers need to pre-cut. Shear pump offers a high shear efficiency, speed polymer dilution, hydration process. Shear displacement pump provides higher and lift, to meet the requirements of preparation and handling of slurry. Structure and working principle of fluid shear pump impeller, volute, bearings, packing box, drive shaft, pulley, combination belt, motor and bearing components. Fluid shear pump impeller is different from the pump impeller, a more complex structure. It is the core component of shear pumps, high shear efficiency. Impeller consists of five main components: axial flow turbines, storage tanks, pump wheel, pressurized cabin, and the clipboard. Axial flow turbines, pump impellers, stainless steel storage tanks with a precision casting as a whole, the structure is very compact. Axial flow turbine wheel for the pump and the reservoir tank and the ability to provide a certain displacement of fluid, 50% of the fluid discharge into the vortex through the pump wheel shell, 50% of the storage tank to absorb. The unique design of pressurized cabin, so that the fluid reservoir tank has a certain energy. Discharge of fluid through the pump wheel, parallel to the clipboard with a higher flow velocity. Inhalation of fluid storage tank, 44 through the spray nozzle perpendicular to the clipboard. Jet fluid and the fluid discharge pump round after mixing, the higher velocity impact clipboard outside the park jagged, serrated high-speed rotation of the clipboard, cut again to the fluid. Thus, fluid flowing through the impeller, subjected to repeated shear. Notes can not be used in the active mud system, because the system contains a lot of sand, could easily lead to shear damage the pump. After use must be washed with water cycle, otherwise easily lead to impeller and nozzle blockage. Work, due to high speed shear easily lead to fluid vaporization. Found no pressure or gauge fluctuations, should be immediately shut down the exhaust. Drilling field operations, the winter should be exhausted within the liquid pump, pump to avoid cracking.中文：钻井液剪切泵 钻井液剪切泵是一种能够快速配置和处理泥浆的固控设备，能满足配置高性能泥浆的要求。

有效混合、充分水化钻井液中所加物料，节省泥浆材料的使用，缩短泥浆配置时间，为钻井过程提供良好的泥浆性能。 功能： 钻井液剪切泵可大大提高搬土颗粒的水化程度。

搬土颗粒在水中的分散和水化程度取决于：水中电解质含量、时间、温度、表面可置换阳离子的数量和浓度.在其他条件相同的情况下，使用钻井液剪切泵可节约彭润土30%以上. 钻井液剪切泵可使聚合物尽快剪切稀释、水化。 泥浆中使用的高分子聚合物的分子量较高，直接加入不易水化，因此对高分子聚合物需要预剪切。

剪切泵能提供很高的剪切效率，加快聚合物的稀释、水化进程。剪切泵可提供较高的排量和扬程，能满足配制和处理泥浆的要求。

结构及工作原理 钻井液剪切泵由叶轮、涡壳、支座、盘根盒、传动轴、皮带轮、组合皮带、电机和支座组成。 钻井液剪切泵的叶轮不同于一般水泵的叶轮，结构较为复杂。

它是剪切泵的核心部件，具有很高的剪切效率。叶轮主要由五部分组成：轴流涡轮、储液舱、泵轮、增压舱和剪切板。

轴流涡轮，泵轮、储液舱用不锈钢精密铸造成一个整体，结构十分紧凑。 轴流涡轮为泵轮和储液舱提供具有一定排量和能力的流体，该流体50%通过泵轮排出进入涡壳，50%被储液舱吸收。

增压舱的独特设计，使储液舱中的流体具有一定能量。通过泵轮排出的流体，平行于剪切板流动具有较高的流速。

储液舱吸入的流体，通过44个喷嘴垂直于剪切板喷射。喷射流体与泵轮排出的流体混合后，以较高流速冲击剪切板外园的锯齿，高速旋转的剪切板锯齿，对流体再次进行剪切。

因此，流经叶轮的流体，经受多次剪切作用。 注意事项 不能使用在活性泥浆系统中，因该系统中含有大量的。

Centrifugal is the inertia of the body, such as water droplets on the umbrella, when umbrellas slow rotation, water droplets will follow an umbrella rotation, this is because the umbrella and the centripetal force of friction as drops of water drops. But if an umbrella rotation speed up, the friction force is not enough to keep the water in circular motion, then drops out of the umbrella to the outer movements, like stones do a rope with circular motion, if the speed is too fast, rope breaks, stones will fly out. This is the so-called centrifugal. Basic structure of centrifugal pump is made up of six parts, namely: impeller, pump, pump shafts, bearings, sealing rings, stuffing. 1, the core part of the impellers are centrifugal pumps, its speed and high output power, impeller blades also played a major role, in front of the Assembly to pass the static balance of impeller experiment. Requirement inside and outside the surface smooth of the impeller to reduce flow friction loss. 2 also known as a pump, pump body, it is the body of the pump. Play a role in supporting fixed, and bays of the housings connected. 3, the role of pump shaft is connected take coupling and electric motor, the motor's torque to the impeller, it is the main part of transferring mechanical energy. 4, bearing is set on the pump shaft support component of the pump shaft, roller bearing and bearing two. Rolling bearing using butter as a lubricant oil to appropriate for the General volume of the 2/3~3/4 too much heat, too little and the noise and fever! Use of sliding bearings are transparent oils for lubricants, refueling to the oil line. Too much oil to pump seeping loss and bleaching, accidents caused by too little bearing overheating burned again! Bearing temperature in water pump is running at 85 ℃ General running at about 60 degrees, if high will find reason (whether there are impurities, oil is dark, water) and processing in a timely manner! 5, seal rings also known as a reduced ring. Clearance between the impeller inlet and pumping shells causing water pump of high pressure area in the General Assembly through this gap flow to the area of low pressure, affect the pump out of water, efficiency! Gap too small can cause friction and wear of impeller and pump shell. In order to increase return resistance decrease leakage, delay the service life of impeller and pump shell, foreign aid and impeller in the pump case is equipped with sealing ring, sealing gaps remain between the 0.25~1.10MM. 6, stuffing mainly by fillers, water seal rings, packing, product packing gland, a water pipe. Stuffing box of the role is mainly to close gaps between the pump and pump axle, do not let the water flow in pump to the outside to do not let outside air into the pump. Always keep a water pump in the vacuum! When the pump shaft and packing friction generates heat by water cooling tube-sealing water injection water circle makes packing! Maintain the normal operation of the pump. So in the pump runs during the inspection tour is special attention should be paid to the stuffing box of checks! Runs about 600 hours to replace the filler. 7 during the operation in centrifugal pumps, axial thrust balancing device, because the liquid is in low-voltage into the impeller, and outflow at high pressure, the pressure on both sides of the impeller, axial thrust of a link to the entry, will cause rotor axial moving, wear and vibrations, so you should set the axial thrust bearing, to balanced axial force.The working principle of centrifugal pump is: centrifugal pump has been able to send water out is due to the effects of centrifugal force. Water pump in front of the work, of pumps and water intake pipe must be tank filled with water to form a vacuum, when the rapid rotation of the impeller, leaf water fast rotation, rotate the water flew from the impeller in centrifugal force, pump after being thrown in the water, central part of the formation of the impeller vacuum region. Sources of water in the atmospheric pressure (or pressure) through the pipe network pressure under the action of the intake tube. This loop, you can achieve continuous pumping. This is worth mentioning: certain before the start of centrifugal pump to the pump after the shell is filled with water, can be started, otherwise the body will not complete the liquid absorption, cause of pump body heat, vibration, no water, "idle", damage to the pump ("gas up") creates the equipment accident.Many types of centrifugal pump, classification methods there are several common mode 1 by inhalation of the impeller: single-suction centrifugal pumps-double-suction centrifugal pump. 2 press the number of impeller: single stage centrifugal pump of multistage 。

A Flow Shop with Compatibility Constraints in a Steelmaking Plant*

Abstract

We present a scheduling methodology for applications where the generation of schedules is constrained by antagonistic and vague knowledge. Besides temporal and capacity constraints, compatibility constraints between consecutive jobs are managed. We model the vague constraints and uncertain data by fuzzy set theory. The importance of single jobs and the difficulty to schedule them is defined on the different constraints and is used to control the generation of schedules. A preliminary schedule is generated by considering the important jobs and those that are difficult to schedule first. Easy or not so important jobs are scheduled later. Finally, the achieved schedule is “repaired” until a schedule is found that achieves a given level of satisfaction. Since the goodness of solutions is rated by fuzzy sets, robust schedules achieve better evaluations than weak schedules. However, if no robust solution is found constraints will be relaxed. This methodology is appropriate for applications in process engineering where uncertain knowledge is dominant. We explain the methodology with a case study from a steelmaking plant for high-grade steel

流动性约束与铺在炼钢厂*

摘要

我们提出一个调度方法的应用产生的时间表而受到限制对立和模糊的知识。除了时间和能力的限制，兼容性限制之间连续工作的管理。我们模型的模糊和不确定的制约因素数据的模糊集理论。单一的重要性和困难的工作安排次

时间是指在不同的制约因素，是用来控制生成的时间表。初步安排是考虑到所产生的重要的工作和那些有困难的时间表第一。容易或不那么重要的工作计划之后。最后，实现的时间表是“修复” ，直到一个时间表，发现达到某一特定的满意程度。因为善良的解决方案是评价模糊集，强大的时间表实现更好的评价比弱时间表。但是，如果没有强有力的解决办法是找到制约将会放宽。这种方法适合于工程应用过程中在不确定性知识为主。我们解释方法，个案研究从炼钢厂的高档钢材。

中文名称：泥浆泵英文名称：slurry pump;mud pump定义1：专门排送泥浆的排水机械。应用学科：煤炭科技（一级学科）；矿山机械工程（二级学科）；排水机械（三级学科）定义2：能吸送泥浆、粪肥等固液二相液的泵类。应用学科：水产学（一级学科）；渔业船舶及渔业机械（二级学科）

泥浆泵泥浆泵也是一种宽泛的泵的一个通俗概念，不同的地域，习惯，最终涉及的泵型不会一样，本词条所阐述的泥浆泵是多数意义上的的一种泵型：石油钻井领域的所应用的泥浆泵。事实上，污水泵，渣浆泵等一些非清水泵和泥浆泵在叫法上也有通用的时候。本词条给读者阐述的是钻井领域的泥浆泵。

中文名称：泥浆泵英文名称：slurry pump;mud pump定义1：专门排送泥浆的排水机械。

应用学科：煤炭科技（一级学科）；矿山机械工程（二级学科）；排水机械（三级学科）定义2：能吸送泥浆、粪肥等固液二相液的泵类。应用学科：水产学（一级学科）；渔业船舶及渔业机械（二级学科）泥浆泵泥浆泵也是一种宽泛的泵的一个通俗概念，不同的地域，习惯，最终涉及的泵型不会一样，本词条所阐述的泥浆泵是多数意义上的的一种泵型：石油钻井领域的所应用的泥浆泵。

事实上，污水泵，渣浆泵等一些非清水泵和泥浆泵在叫法上也有通用的时候。本词条给读者阐述的是钻井领域的泥浆泵。

Battery Electric Vehicle 1 Technical Overview of Electric Vehicle The advantage of the EVs is the mechanical simplicity of the drivetrain. For example, an EV drive train can convert energy stores into vehicle motion, just like a conventional vehicle, and it can also reverse direction and convert vehicle motion back into energy stores through regeneration barking, which means that theirs energy/work loop is inherent bi-directional. Besides, moving parts of the electric motor in the EVs consist primarily of the armature (DC motors) or rotor (AC motors) and bearings, a relatively simple and far more efficient machine. other advantages include electric motor torque much more suited to the torque demand curve of a vehicle. EV drive train often needs only one gear ratio other than two or more. More-over, a reverse gear is unnecessary because the rotational direction of the motor itself can be reversed simply by reversing the electrical in-put polarity. However, the function capabilities and the cost/benefits profile of electronic system are rather complicated. Electrical power is delivered to the wall outlet in the form of alternating current, and must be converted into direct current in order to charge EV batteries. In the case of EVs powered by DC motor, electricity from the battery must then be “chopped” into small bursts of variable duty cycle in order to control the speed and torque of the motor. With EVs using AC motors, the direct current from the battery must undergo complex power condition in order to deliver alternating current and provide control over motoring output. The main disadvantage of BEVs is limited energy stores due to the limitations of the secondary battery, and HEVs tend to be plagued by increased mass and costs due to the increased complexity of the power system. 2.4 Electric bicycles and scooters E-bicycles are traditional bikes, but with battery-powered assist. They look and perform just like any quality bike but with the ability to cruise unassisted at speed up to 18 mph (29.0 km/h). And have zero emissions. Electric bicycles, as an environment friendly tool of transportation, receive preference in their development policy. How long will an e-bicycle run? The e-bicycle can go for miles with just a little help from. If you use the power assist while pedaling, you can expect a range of up to 15 miles (24.1 km), depending on the bike model, terrain and weight of the rider. Charging takes just a few hours. Automatic and portable, the chargers plug into any standard outlet. Safety circuitry guarantees that the battery pack can't be overcharged. Batteries can be easily removed, which allows to replace a spent battery with a fresh one, or recharge in the house while leaving the bike in idle. In the densely populated cities, an electric bicycle or scooter, as a convenient commuter, provides solutions to the problem such as pollution and traffic jam, and is energy saving as 2 well. For example, Shanghai strongly supports development of electric bicycle to replace fuel-using two wheel scooters. Besides, Shanghai is geographically plain, which is suitable for driving an electric vehicle and bring superiority to the development of electric vehicle. In the recent years, many companies, like Phoenix, Forever, Unison XinMinWei etc., have brought out electric bicycles and scooters of new styles. The sales have been rising month by month and the export market is quite promising too. 2.4.1 Electric bike Ford TH! NK bikes are used as examples to show the performance of electric bikes. Specification (TH! NK bike traveler)： Operating size: Length: 55.2 in (1402.08 mm). Width: 21.3 in (541.02 mm). Height: 29.5-35.4 in (749.3-899.16 mm). Folding size: Length: 27.6 in (701.04 mm). Width: 19.7 in (500.38 mm). Height: 23.6 in (8.16 mm). Frame weight 49 lb (22.23 kg). Battery weight 18 lb (8.16 kg) 20 in (508 mm) wheels. Load capacity 230 lb (104.33 kg). Performance： 400 watt motor (peak). 24 volt energy source. Up to 16miles (25.7 km) average range. Six-hour charging time at 110V AC. Aluminum frame and components. Dual “V” brakes. Electric battery powers assist. Safety/Security： Build-in diagnostic system. Brake disengages motor output. Electric assist up to 18 mph (29.0 km/h). Dual-leg bike stand. Built-in battery. Down-shift indicator. Energy-level indicator. Comfort: 3 Cruise control. Large padded seat. Adjustable ergonomic seat & handlebar. Convenience： Off-board battery charger. Energy-level indicator light. Index twist-grip speed shifter. Easily removable battery. Price： $ 1195 SRP. Excluding tax in USA (in 2001). Benefits。

仅供参考： This text will make an analysis against the reasons of causing centrifugal pump vibration , expatiate that how to identify the vibrating elements when supervise the manufacture , and how to control and eliminate the vibrating elements by manufacturer, as well as how to measuring the pump vibrating conditions during testing.。