测试模拟器 Mocking

2023-03-12 02:23| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

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Mocking Introduction Mocking Objects Mocking Facades Facade Spies Interacting With Time

Introduction

When testing Laravel applications, you may wish to "mock" certain aspects of your application so they are not actually executed during a given test. For example, when testing a controller that dispatches an event, you may wish to mock the event listeners so they are not actually executed during the test. This allows you to only test the controller's HTTP response without worrying about the execution of the event listeners since the event listeners can be tested in their own test case.

Laravel provides helpful methods for mocking events, jobs, and other facades out of the box. These helpers primarily provide a convenience layer over Mockery so you do not have to manually make complicated Mockery method calls.

Mocking Objects

When mocking an object that is going to be injected into your application via Laravel's service container, you will need to bind your mocked instance into the container as an instance binding. This will instruct the container to use your mocked instance of the object instead of constructing the object itself:

use App\Service; use Mockery; use Mockery\MockInterface; public function test_something_can_be_mocked(): void { $this->instance( Service::class, Mockery::mock(Service::class, function (MockInterface $mock) { $mock->shouldReceive('process')->once(); }) ); }

In order to make this more convenient, you may use the mock method that is provided by Laravel's base test case class. For example, the following example is equivalent to the example above:

use App\Service; use Mockery\MockInterface; $mock = $this->mock(Service::class, function (MockInterface $mock) { $mock->shouldReceive('process')->once(); });

You may use the partialMock method when you only need to mock a few methods of an object. The methods that are not mocked will be executed normally when called:

use App\Service; use Mockery\MockInterface; $mock = $this->partialMock(Service::class, function (MockInterface $mock) { $mock->shouldReceive('process')->once(); });

Similarly, if you want to spy on an object, Laravel's base test case class offers a spy method as a convenient wrapper around the Mockery::spy method. Spies are similar to mocks; however, spies record any interaction between the spy and the code being tested, allowing you to make assertions after the code is executed:

use App\Service; $spy = $this->spy(Service::class); // ... $spy->shouldHaveReceived('process');

Mocking Facades

Unlike traditional static method calls, facades (including real-time facades) may be mocked. This provides a great advantage over traditional static methods and grants you the same testability that you would have if you were using traditional dependency injection. When testing, you may often want to mock a call to a Laravel facade that occurs in one of your controllers. For example, consider the following controller action:

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测试模拟器 Mocking

测试模拟器 Mocking

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