【Ansys Maxwell 学习笔记】Case02 |
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Eddy Current Solver • Solves sinusoidally-varying magnetic fields in frequency domain. Solves only for liner materials in 3D. It is a full wave solver thus considers displacement currents. Induced fields such as skin and proximity effects are also considered. –涡流求解器 •解决频域中正弦变化的磁场。仅解决3D中的衬里材料。它是一个全波求解器,因此考虑位移电流。还考虑了感应场,例如趋肤和邻近效应。 【仿真介绍】 • Introduction to the Eddy Current Solver – This workshop introduces the Eddy Current solver based on a simple example with a disk above a coil. This solver calculates the magnetic fields at a specified sinusoidal frequency. Both linear and nonlinear (for saturation effects) magnetic materials can be used. Also, eddy, skin and proximity effects are considered. 本仿真通过一个简单的线圈上带有一个磁盘(disk)的简单模型,介绍涡流解算器的使用。该计算器可以计算在特定频率正弦信号下的磁场。线性和非线性(饱和效应)的磁性材料均可以使用。此外,还考虑涡流,趋肤效应和邻近效应。 • 2D Geometry: Iron Disk above a Spiral Coil – A sinusoidal 500 Hz current will be assigned to an eight turn spiral coil underneath of a cast iron disk. The coil induces eddy currents and losses in plate. The 2D model will be setup as shown below using the 2D RZ axisymmetric solver. •2D几何: 螺旋线圈上方的铁盘–正弦500 Hz电流将分配给铸铁盘下面的八匝螺旋线圈。线圈在板中感应出涡流和损耗。如下所示,将使用2D RZ轴对称求解器建立2D模型。
【建模分析】 Step01 Create Design 创建设计文件 – Select the menu item Project -> Insert Maxwell 2D Design Step02 Set Solution Type 设置解算器类型 – Select the menu item Maxwell 2D -> Solution Type – Solution Type Window: 1. Geometry Mode: Cylindrical about Z 2. Choose Magnetic > Eddy Current 3. Click the OK button 如下图 Step03 Set Default Units 设置默认单位 – Select the menu item Modeler -> Units • Set units to cm (centimeters) and press OK
Step04 Create Coil 创建线圈 大小为一个2*2cm的矩形,对角线坐标为(17,0,-1)和(19,0,1),颜色设置为黄色,材料设置为铜 – Select the menu item Draw-> Rectangle 1. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the position of rectangle – X: 17, Y: 0, Z: -1, Press the Enter key 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the opposite corner – dX: 2, dY: 0, dZ: 2, Press the Enter key – Change the name of resulting sheet to Coil and color to Yellow – Change the material of the object to Copper 根据模型可知,需要8个相同的矩形模型,所以接下来将对该Coil进行复制操作,方法如下,每个矩形的中心距为3.1 共需要8个 Duplicate Coil – Select the sheet Coil from history tree – Select the menu item Edit-> Duplicate -> Along Line 线性排列 1. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the first point of duplicate vector – X: 0, Y: 0, Z: 0, Press the Enter key 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the second point – dX: 3.1, dY: 0, dZ: 0, Press the Enter key • Total Number: 8 • Press OK Step05 Create Plate 创建 plate Plate的大小为41*1,顶点坐标为(0,0,1.5)和(41,0,2.5)材料为cast_iron铸铁,颜色为橘黄色 – Select the menu item Draw -> Rectangle 1. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the position of rectangle – X: 0, Y: 0, Z: 1.5, Press the Enter key 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the opposite corner – dX: 41, dY: 0, dZ: 1, Press the Enter key – Change the name of resulting sheet to Plate and color to Orange – Change the material of the object to cast_iron Step06 Create Solution Region 创建解算区域 – Select the menu item Draw-> Rectangle 1. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the position of rectangle – X: 0, Y: 0, Z: -100, Press the Enter key 2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the opposite corner – dX: 120, dY: 0, dZ: 200, Press the Enter key – Change the name of resulting sheet to Region Step07 Assign Excitations 创建激励 • Assign Excitation – Press Ctrl and select all Coils from history tree – Select the menu item Maxwell 2D -> Excitations -> Assign -> Current – In Current Excitation window, • Base Name: Current • Value: 125 A • Type: Solid • Ref. Direction: Positive • Press OK 注意:选择"Solid "指定将考虑线圈中的涡流效应。另一方面,如果选择"Stranded ",则仅会计算出直流电阻,而不会考虑线圈中的交流电影响。当趋肤深度比绞合导体的厚度大得多时,例如使用利兹线时,绞合是合适的。注意,在两种情况下,都将计算板中的涡流效应。 Step08 Assign Boundary and Parameters 创建边界和参数
• Assign Boundary – Select the object Region from history tree – Select the menu item Edit -> Select ->All Object Edges – Select the menu item Maxwell 2D -> Boundaries -> Assign -> Balloon – In Balloon Boundary window, • Press OK 注意:在对称轴上,将自动跳过"气球边界"分配,这也可以通过选择不在对称轴上的区域的边缘来实现。
• Assign Matrix Parameters – Select the menu item Maxwell 2D -> Parameters -> Assign -> Matrix – In Matrix window, • For all current Sources – Include: þ Checked • Press OK
Step09 Analyze 分析 • Create an analysis setup: – Select the menu item Maxwell 2D -> Analysis Setup -> Add Solution Setup – Solution Setup Window: 1. General Tab – Maximum Number of Passes: 15 2. Solver Tab – Adaptive Frequency: 500 Hz 3. Click the OK button •Start the solution process: 1. Select the menu item Maxwell 2D -> Analyze All
Step10 Solution Data 结果数据 • View Solution Information – Select the menu item Maxwell 2D -> Results -> Solution Data • To view Convergence – Select the Convergence tab • To View Impedance matrix – Select Matrix tab – By default, the results are displayed as [R,Z] but can be also shown as [R,L] or as coupling coefficients. Convergence:收敛性 阻抗矩阵 RL矩阵 Flux Linkage 磁链 Inductive Coupling Coefficient:电感耦合系数
Step11 Compute Power Loss 计算功率损耗 • Compute Total Power Loss in the Plate – Select the menu item Maxwell 2D > Fields > Calculator – In Fields Calculator window, • Select Input > Quantity > OhmicLoss • Select Input > Geometry – Select Volume – Select Plate – Press OK • Select Scalar > Integral > RZ • Select Output > Eval
所以在Plate上的损耗大约是260W
Step12 Create Field Plots 创建场图 • Plot Mesh – Select the menu item Edit > Select All – Select the menu item Maxwell 2D > Fields > Plot Mesh – In Create Mesh Plot window, press Done • Plot Flux Lines – Select the menu item Edit > Select All – Select the menu item Maxwell 2D > Fields > Fields > A > Flux _Lines – In Create Field Plot window, Press Done
注意,由于磁力线是磁性的,因此磁力线被吸引到平板上。而且,由于板上有涡电流流动,因此在板上存在集肤效应。由图可以看出,极板上的磁力线分布不均匀,存在集肤效应 Step13 Create Field Plots (Contd…) • Plot Current Density Scalar on Plate – Select the sheet Plate from history tree – Select the menu item Maxwell 2D Fields > Fields > J > JAtPhase – In Create Field Plot window, Press Done • Plot Current Density Scalar on Coils – Press Ctrl and select all coils from history tree – Select the menu item Maxwell 2D > Fields > Fields > J > JAtPhase – In Create Field Plot window, Press Done Step14 Plot Ohmic Loss Distribution • Plot Ohmic Losses – Press Ctrl and select all coils and Plate – Select the menu item Maxwell 2D > Fields > Fields > Other > Ohmic_Loss – In Create Field Plot window, Press Done • Modify Plot Attributes – Double click on the Legend to modify plot – In the window, • Scale tab – Select Log • Press Apply and Close
Step15 Plot Current Density Vectors • Plot Current Density vectors – Select the sheet Plate from history tree – Select the menu item Maxwell 2D >Fields >Fields > J > J_Vector – In Create Field Plot window, Press Done – Double click on the Legend to modify plot – In the window, • Plots tab – Plot: Change to J_Vector1 – Change Vector plot spacing • Min: 0.5 • Max: 0.5 • Press Apply and Close • Animate Plot – Select the Vector plot from Project Manager tree, right click and select Animate – In Setup Animation window, • Press OK with default settings – A window will appear to start, stop, pause or save the animation
Step16 将解算频率设置为1e-6Hz仿真DC情况下的情况 磁力线: 由图可以看出,在DC情况下,导体中的磁力线分布均匀,基本不存在集肤效应。
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