原来数学有这么多好工具可以用。数值计算 matlab， 符号运算 maple, wolfram mathematic，统计 开源R语言。

使用maple 求特征值只需要几个命令：

This function is part of the LinearAlgebra package, and so it can be used in the form Eigenvalues(..) only after executing the command with(LinearAlgebra). However, it can always be accessed through the long form of the command by using LinearAlgebra[Eigenvalues](..).

当然 mathematic 有类似的方法。

[1] http://www.maplesoft.com/support/help/Maple/view.aspx?path=Eigenvalues [2] https://www.maplesoft.com/support/help/Maple/view.aspx?path=LinearAlgebra/Eigenvectors