Linux LVM学习总结 |
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Linux LVM学习总结
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在Linux平台如何创建一个卷组（VG）呢？下面简单介绍一下卷组（VG）的创建步骤。本文实验平台为Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.6 (Santiago) 1： 查看当前卷组信息 查看服务器的卷组（VG）、物理卷（PV）、逻辑卷（LV）相关信息，在此之前，我们先来看看一些基本命令以及用法
vgcan命令介绍 : 查找系统中存在的LVM卷组，并显示找到的卷组列表。vgscan命令仅显示找到的卷组的名称和LVM元数据类型，要得到卷组的详细信息需要使用vgdisplay命令。
vgscan的参数： [—cache] Scan devices for LVM physical volumes and volume groups and instruct the lvmetad daemon to update its cached state accordingly [--commandprofile ProfileName] [-d|--debug] 调试模式 [-h|--help] 查看帮助信息 [--ignorelockingfailure] 忽略锁定失败的错误。 [--mknodes] Also checks the LVM special files in /dev that are needed for active logical volumes and creates any missing ones and removes unused ones [-P|--partial] 部分模式。将处理不完整的逻辑卷 [-v|--verbose] 显示输出详细信息 [--version] 查看命名版本信息
pvscan命令介绍： 扫描系统中连接的所有硬盘，列出找到的物理卷列表。
pvscan的参数: pvscan [-b|—background] 在后台运行这个命令 [--cache [-a|--activate ay] [ DevicePath | --major major --minor minor]...] [--commandprofile ProfileName] [-d|—debug] 调试模式 {-e|--exported | -n|—novolumegroup} -e 仅显示属于输出卷组的物理卷; -n 仅显示不属于任何卷组的物理卷; [-h|-?|--help] 显示命令的帮助信息 [—ignorelockingfailure] 忽略锁定失败的错误。 [-P|—partial] 部分模式. 将处理不完整的逻辑卷 [--readonly] [-s|—short] 简短格式输出 [-u|—uuid] 显示输出UUID信息 [-v|—verbose] 显示输出详细信息 [—version] 查看pvscan命令版本 lvscan命令介绍 ： 扫描当前系统中存在的所有LVM的逻辑卷（lv)
lvscan的参数： [-a|—all] 输出所有的逻辑卷信息 [-b|--blockdevice] 显示逻辑卷的主设备号和次设备号 [--cache] [--commandprofile ProfileName] [-d|—debug] 调试模式 [-h|-?|--help] 查看命令的帮助信息 [——ignorelockingfailure] 忽略锁定失败的错误。 [-P|—partial] 部分模式. 将处理不完整的逻辑卷 [--readonly] [-v|—verbose] 输出详细的结果 [—version] 查看lvscan命令版本[root@getlnx20 ~]# vgscan Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... Found volume group "VolGroup00" using metadata type lvm2[root@getlnx20 ~]# pvscan PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup00 lvm2 [39.51 GiB / 0 free] Total: 1 [39.51 GiB] / in use: 1 [39.51 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ][root@getlnx20 ~]# lvscan ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup00/lv_root' [31.51 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup00/lv_swap' [8.00 GiB] inherit[root@getlnx20 ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lv_root 31G 2.5G 27G 9% /tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 477M 33M 419M 8% /boot[root@getlnx20 ~]#
新增一块硬盘后，使用fdisk -l命令，我们可以看到这块新增的硬盘被标记为/dev/sdb [root@getlnx20 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 40960 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x0006822c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 2 501 512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 502 40960 41430016 8e Linux LVMPartition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lv_root: 33.8 GB, 33831256064 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4113 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lv_swap: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000
新增一个80G的硬盘，但是为什么使用fdisk -l命令查看到的是85.9G？相信很多人看到这个都会有些疑惑。这个是因为计算时使用的单位有所差异所致， 85899345920/1024/1024/1024=80G，而85899345920/1000/1000/1000 ~= 85.899 ~= 85.9G 。 2： 新建一个分区（partition） 新建一个主分区（primary partition）或逻辑分区（logical partition）都OK [root@getlnx20 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xaa12f277.Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-10443, default 1): 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-10443, default 10443): Using default value 10443 Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.
3：创建PV（物理卷） [root@getlnx20 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created[root@getlnx20 ~]# pvscan PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup00 lvm2 [39.51 GiB / 0 free] PV /dev/sdb1 lvm2 [80.00 GiB] Total: 2 [119.51 GiB] / in use: 1 [39.51 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [80.00 GiB]
4：创建VG（卷组） [root@getlnx20 ~]# vgcreate -s 32M VolGroup01 /dev/sdb1 Volume group "VolGroup01" successfully created[root@getlnx20 ~]# vgscan Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... Found volume group "VolGroup01" using metadata type lvm2 Found volume group "VolGroup00" using metadata type lvm2
5：查看VG可用空间 [root@getlnx20 ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name VolGroup01 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 79.97 GiB PE Size 32.00 MiB Total PE 2559 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 2559 / 79.97 GiB VG UUID FD5kEp-a9Cv-K181-Xb7e-i8k4-zV52-Dbuxc3 --- Volume group --- VG Name VolGroup00 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 39.51 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 10114 Alloc PE / Size 10114 / 39.51 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID sWwXef-0AHf-66ZI-dZHh-JuJt-KMj7-YqIisW [root@getlnx20 ~]#
6：建立逻辑卷（LV） [root@getlnx20 ~]# lvcreate -L79.97G -n LogVol00 VolGroup01 Rounding up size to full physical extent 80.00 GiB Volume group "VolGroup01" has insufficient free space (2559 extents): 2560 required.[root@getlnx20 ~]# lvcreate -L79.96G -n LogVol00 VolGroup01 Rounding up size to full physical extent 79.97 GiB Logical volume "LogVol00" created[root@getlnx20 ~]# lvscan ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup01/LogVol00' [79.97 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup00/lv_root' [31.51 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup00/lv_swap' [8.00 GiB] inherit
7：建立文件系统 [root@getlnx20 ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/VolGroup01/LogVol00mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks5242880 inodes, 20963328 blocks1048166 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296640 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
8：建立挂载点 [root@getlnx20 ~]# mkdir /mysqldata
9：挂载存储 [root@getlnx20 ~]# mount /dev/VolGroup01/LogVol00 /mysqldata[root@getlnx20 ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lv_root 31G 2.5G 27G 9% /tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 477M 33M 419M 8% /boot/dev/mapper/VolGroup01-LogVol00 79G 184M 75G 1% /mysqldata[root@getlnx20 ~]#
10：修改fstab配置文件实现自动挂载 [root@getlnx20 ~]# more /etc/fstab## /etc/fstab# Created by anaconda on Sat Jun 13 10:29:07 2015## Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info#/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1UUID=5486634e-ec6a-42d5-bbb9-dcd92537c294 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0/dev/VolGroup01/LogVol00 /mysqldata ext3 defaults 1 1tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0proc /proc proc defaults 0 0[root@getlnx20 ~]#
lVM学习总结系列文章 Linux LVM学习总结——创建卷组VG Linux LVM学习总结——删除卷组VG |
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