Insular art and literature如何翻译？ |
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Insular art and literature如何翻译？
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69518129 Reflections Of The Age In Literature More than in art, neoclassicism in literature came closer to voicing theeighteenth century's fascination with reason and scientific law. Indeed, theverbal media of poetry, drama, prose, and exposition were commonly used toconvey the new philosophic principles. A typical poetic voice of the Age of Reason in England was Alexander Pope(1688-1744). In his most famous work, An Essay on Man (1733), Pope expressedthe optimism and respect for reason that marked the era. He described aNewtonian universe in the following often quoted lines: All are but parts of one stupendous whole, Whose body nature is, and God the soul ... All nature is but art, unknown to thee; All chance, direction, which thou cannot see. All discord, harmony not understood; All partial evil, universal good And, spite of pride, in erring reason's spite, One truth is clear: Whatever is, is right. ^5 [Footnote 5: Quoted in G. K. Anderson and W. E. Buckler, eds., The Literatureof England, 2 vols. (Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman, 1958), vol. 1, p. 1568.] Two other poetic voices deserve mention here. One belonged to the EnglishCountess of Winchelsea (1661-1720), who extolled reason and feminine equalityin her verse. The other was that of a Massachusetts slave girl, PhyllisWheatley (1753-1784), whose rhyming couplets, in the style of Pope, pleadedthe cause of freedom for the American colonies and for her race. Reflecting the common disdain for irrational customs and outworninstitutions were such masterpieces of satire as Candide (1759), by the Frenchman of letters, Francois-Marie Arouet, better known as Voltaire (1694-1778).Another famous satirist, England's Jonathan Swift (1667-1745), ridiculed thepettiness of human concerns in Gulliver's Travels (1726), wherein CaptainGulliver, in visiting the fictitious land of Lilliput, found two opposingfactions: the Big-endians, who passionately advocated opening eggs at the bigend, and the Little-endians, who vehemently proposed an opposite procedure. The novel became a major literary vehicle in this period. It caught onfirst in France during the preceding century and was then popularized inEngland. Robinson Crusoe (1719), by Daniel Defoe (1659-1731), is often calledthe first modern English novel. The straight prose of the novel satisfied aprevailing demand for clarity and simplicity; but the tendency in this periodto focus on middle-class values, heroic struggle, and sentimental loveforeshadowed the coming romantic movement. Writing along these lines SamuelRichardson (1689-1761) produced Pamela (1740-1741), the story of a virtuousservant-girl, and Henry Fielding (1707-1754) wrote the equally famous TomJones (1749), the rollicking tale of a young man's deep pleasures andsuperficial regrets. Each novel, in its own way, defined a natural humanmorality. In both France and England women found a uniquely promising outlet fortheir long-ignored talents in the romantic novel, with its accent on personalfeminine concerns and domestic problems. Two among the multitude of ableFrench women novelists were Madame de Graffigny (1695-1758), whose LettresD'Une Peruvienne (1730) became a best-seller, and Madame de Tencin(1682-1749), who wrote The Siege of Calais, a historical novel of love anddanger. In England, Fanny Burney (1753-1840) was universally acclaimed afterpublication of her first novel, Eveline (1778), about "a young lady's entranceinto the world." Aphra Behn (1640-1689) was an early playwright whose novel,Oroonoko (1688), was a plea for the natural person, long before the works ofDefoe and Rousseau.http://history-world.org/age_of_enlightenment.htm 2009-10-08 | 添加评论 | 打赏 ◆◆评论读取中.... ◆◆
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