动名词，动词不定式的形式和用法

知识如下:

一．动名词的构成和用法。 （1） 动名词的构成。

动名词的构成和现在分词的构成一样，动词原形+ing ，其变化与现在分词的变化规则相同。如worke-working, put-putting, read- reading, lie-lying, die-dying, etc. (回顾现在分词的变化规则)

(2)动名词的用法：

动名词具备名词的功能，在句中可以做主语，宾语，表语和定语。 ① 做主语（初三上重点语法点） 动名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式。

例如：1. Seeing is believeing.（主语和表语）（ 百闻不如一见。）

2. Eating too much is bad for your health.（吃得太多对你的健康又害。） 3. Sitting straight means a person is confident.（坐直身体显示一个人的自信。） 4．足球是我最喜欢的运动。 ----playing football is my best sports. ② 做宾语。动名词放在动词的后面做宾语和放在介词的后面。 1.动词+Ving I like swimming very much. Stop talking, please! 常见接动名词的动词：

enjoy, finish, mind, excuse, miss, can’t help, be worth, finish, practice, consider, suggest，deny. 2.介词+Ving 介词后出现都动词时，通常要用动名词形式，不用原形和动词不定式。 如： He is afraid of swimming.他害怕游泳。

The boy is interested in drawing.（这个男孩对画画感兴趣。）

LI Ming went to school without having breakfast.（李明没有吃早饭就上学了。） 常见的动词+介词+动名词的短语有：

Prefer…to, be used to ,look forward to ,feel like, give up ,keep on, be busy (in)doing sth, be worth doing sth.,be afraid of , keep on，insist on. 巧记：跟动名词作宾语的动词和词组

完成实践值得忙：finish, practise, be worth, be busy. 继续习惯别放弃：keep on , be used to ,give up. 考虑建议不禁想：Consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like. 喜欢思念要介意：enjoy ，miss, mind.

③ 做定语。动名词做定语不以短语的形式出现，总是位于被修饰的名词之前，用来表示被

修饰名词的用途和目的。

如：They often go to the swimming pool. Tom is in the reading room.\\Sitting room. 二，动词不定式的用法、

1

动词不定式的构成: to+动词原形，否定形式为：not to do ,如 not to work. (2)不定式的时态和语态。 时态 语态 一般式 完成式 进行式 (2)不定式的用法。

①作主语。动词不定式作主语时，可以用it 代替，把实际主语不定式放在后面。重点结构：It is\\was +adj to do (意思为…是…的) To study hard for us students is important. 努力学习对我们学生来说是很重要的。 ==It’s important for us students to study hard.

提示：不定式做主语时，常用it代替不定式作形式主语放在句首，把不定式放在句末。

课文连接：It is rude to avoid eye contact in a conversation or stare at others. 在交谈中避免目光接触或者盯着别人看是不礼貌的。

②作宾语。放在动词的后面。

I hope to see you again.我希望能再次见到您。 He wants to find him quickly.他想快点找到他。 巧记：跟不定式作宾语的动词

想要忘记拒绝，（want, forget, refuse）, 需要努力地学（need, try, learn）,

喜欢同意帮助（like, agree, help）, 希望决定开始（hope, wish, decide, begin, start）。 动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）

注意事项：1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：

remember to do 记住要做某事 remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 继续做另一件事 == continue to do go on doing 继续做原来在做的事 == continue doing

I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。 Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.离开时请记得关好灯。 ④ 作宾语补足语。结构V+ sb\\ sth+ to do sth

后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help He wants you to call him back at eleven.

2

主动形式 to do to have done to be doing 被动形式 to be done to have been done

他想要你在十一点给他回电话。

I’ll leave him to clean his room.我将让他打扫他的房间。 He asked me to go to his home.他叫我去他家。

注意1：help后跟不定式作宾补，可以要to 也可以不要to .(省to) 如：I helped him (to ) find his things.

其他接省to的动词不定式动词有：see, watch, look at hear, listen to，let, have ,make 如：The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.

I often hear him sing in the next room. 巧记：不定式做宾补省略to 的动词歌诀：

不定式，作宾补，下列词后可省to：“三眼”（see, watch, look at），“两耳”一“感觉”(feel)，再加三个“小使役”(let, have ,make)。

注意2感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。

I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼（说明他下楼了这件事） I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼（说明他正在下楼的动作。 三．动名词，动词不定式专项训练。

1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise. A. don’t B. not C. will not D. not to 2. Tell him _______ the window.

A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut

3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 4. The workers want us ________ together with them.

A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 5. I saw him _______ out of the room.

A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes

6. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 7. I’ve heard him _______ about you often.

A. spoke B. speaks C. speak D.spoken

8. Though he had often made his little sister ______, today he was made ______by his little sister. A. cry；to cry B. crying；crying C. cry；cry D. to cry；cry 9. John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 10. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.

3

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

11. There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind ______ to buy. A. what B. which C. how D. where

12. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________.

A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which 13 “ Have you decided when ________?” “ Yes, tomorrow morning.”

A. to leave B. to be leaving C. will you leave D. are you leaving 14. Last summer I took a course on ________.

A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 15. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.

A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will 16. --- The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot _______.

A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 17. We agreed _________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met

18. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 19. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.

A. make friend with B. make friends of C. make friends D. make friends with 20. Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one. A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing

21. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 22. I need a day or two ________.

A. to think it over B. to think over C. of thinking 23. He was too excited _________.

A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking 24. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 25. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle. A. ride； ride B. riding； ride C. ride； to ride D. to ride； riding 26. It’s freezing outside. You _______ put on your overcoat.

A. had better to B. had better C. would better D. would better to 27. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______. A. sit B. sit on C. be sit D. be sat on 28 . They won’t let their teacher _______ in that way.

A. to be treated B. being treated C. treated D. be treated

4

相关推荐：