Linux下查看网络信息的常用命令总结 |
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总结Linux中用于网络信息查看的命令如下。
1 ifconfig
Linux ifconfig命令用于显示或设置网络设备。 常用： ifconfig结果： [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:BF:26:20 inet addr:192.168.120.204 Bcast:192.168.120.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:8700857 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:31533 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:596390239 (568.7 MiB) TX bytes:2886956 (2.7 MiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:68 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:68 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2856 (2.7 KiB) TX bytes:2856 (2.7 KiB)说明： eth0 表示第一块网卡， 其中 HWaddr 表示网卡的物理地址，可以看到目前这个网卡的物理地址(MAC地址）是 00:50:56:BF:26:20 inet addr 用来表示网卡的IP地址，此网卡的 IP地址是 192.168.120.204，广播地址， Bcast:192.168.120.255，掩码地址Mask:255.255.255.0 lo 是表示主机的回坏地址，这个一般是用来测试一个网络程序，但又不想让局域网或外网的用户能够查看，只能在此台主机上运行和查看所用的网络接口。比如把 HTTPD服务器的指定到回坏地址，在浏览器输入 127.0.0.1 就能看到你所架WEB网站了。但只是您能看得到，局域网的其它主机或用户无从知道。 第一行：连接类型：Ethernet（以太网）HWaddr（硬件mac地址） 第二行：网卡的IP地址、子网、掩码 第三行：UP（代表网卡开启状态）RUNNING（代表网卡的网线被接上）MULTICAST（支持组播）MTU:1500（最大传输单元）：1500字节 第四、五行：接收、发送数据包情况统计 第七行：接收、发送数据字节数统计信息。 参考连接： ifconfig ifconfig -s Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg bond0 1500 30648096 0 404 0 27176356 0 0 0 BMmRU bond1 9000 0 0 0 0 11983814 0 0 0 BMmRU bond2 9000 0 0 0 0 11983810 0 0 0 BMmRU bond0.154 1500 3545291 0 476 0 2984981 0 0 0 BMRU bond0.199 1500 3456116 0 590 0 8 0 0 0 BMRU docker0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU enp61s0f0 1500 13760283 0 0 0 20828526 0 0 0 BMsRU enp61s0f1 1500 16887978 0 0 0 6347836 0 0 0 BMsRU ens3f0 9000 0 0 0 0 5991906 0 0 0 BMsRU ens3f1 9000 0 0 0 0 5991914 0 0 0 BMsRU ens6f0 9000 0 0 0 0 5991908 0 0 0 BMsRU ens6f1 9000 0 0 0 0 5991896 0 0 0 BMsRU lo 65536 798616 0 0 0 798616 0 0 0 LRUifconfig -s 显示摘要信息，类似于 netstat -i netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg bond0 1500 30649171 0 404 0 27177301 0 0 0 BMmRU bond1 9000 0 0 0 0 11984208 0 0 0 BMmRU bond2 9000 0 0 0 0 11984204 0 0 0 BMmRU bond0.154 1500 3545480 0 476 0 2985132 0 0 0 BMRU bond0.199 1500 3456248 0 590 0 8 0 0 0 BMRU docker0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU enp61s0f0 1500 13760823 0 0 0 20829228 0 0 0 BMsRU enp61s0f1 1500 16888513 0 0 0 6348080 0 0 0 BMsRU ens3f0 9000 0 0 0 0 5992103 0 0 0 BMsRU ens3f1 9000 0 0 0 0 5992111 0 0 0 BMsRU ens6f0 9000 0 0 0 0 5992105 0 0 0 BMsRU ens6f1 9000 0 0 0 0 5992093 0 0 0 BMsRU lo 65536 798616 0 0 0 798616 0 0 0 LRU2 nstat nstat是一个简单的监视内核的SNMP计数器和网络接口状态的实用工具。 #kernel IpInReceives 71 0.0 IpInDelivers 71 0.0 IpOutRequests 41 0.0 TcpActiveOpens 3 0.0 TcpInSegs 56 0.0 TcpOutSegs 42 0.0 TcpExtDelayedACKs 1 0.0 TcpExtTCPPrequeued 3 0.0 TcpExtTCPDirectCopyFromPrequeue 311 0.0 TcpExtTCPHPHits 5 0.0 TcpExtTCPHPHitsToUser 3 0.0 TcpExtTCPPureAcks 8 0.0 TcpExtTCPHPAcks 22 0.0 TcpExtTCPAutoCorking 1 0.0 TcpExtTCPOrigDataSent 31 0.0 IpExtInBcastPkts 15 0.0 IpExtInOctets 9148 0.0 IpExtOutOctets 7201 0.0 IpExtInBcastOctets 5017 0.0 IpExtInNoECTPkts 71 0.0 3 netstatnetstat命令用于显示与IP、TCP、UDP和ICMP协议相关的统计数据。 netstat -i Ip: 5667465 total packets received 0 forwarded 0 incoming packets discarded 5651164 incoming packets delivered 3761237 requests sent out 60 outgoing packets dropped 31650 dropped because of missing route Icmp: 415130 ICMP messages received 54 input ICMP message failed. ICMP input histogram: destination unreachable: 415121 echo requests: 7 echo replies: 2 316 ICMP messages sent 0 ICMP messages failed ICMP output histogram: destination unreachable: 307 echo request: 2 echo replies: 7 IcmpMsg: InType0: 2 InType3: 415121 InType8: 7 OutType0: 7 OutType3: 307 OutType8: 2 Tcp: 692475 active connections openings 698 passive connection openings 415666 failed connection attempts 9 connection resets received 1 connections established 3461498 segments received 3578535 segments send out 288371 segments retransmited 0 bad segments received. 99 resets sent Udp: 5879 packets received 200 packets to unknown port received. 0 packet receive errors 6088 packets sent 0 receive buffer errors 0 send buffer errors UdpLite: TcpExt: 88 invalid SYN cookies received 15156 TCP sockets finished time wait in slow timer 11310 delayed acks sent 180 delayed acks further delayed because of locked socket Quick ack mode was activated 30 times 1504256 packets directly queued to recvmsg prequeue. 11352010 bytes directly in process context from backlog 1994852883 bytes directly received in process context from prequeue 171448 packet headers predicted 1577590 packets header predicted and directly queued to user 627508 acknowledgments not containing data payload received 481504 predicted acknowledgments 4 congestion windows recovered without slow start after partial ack 287605 other TCP timeouts 9 connections reset due to early user close 764 connections aborted due to timeout IPReversePathFilter: 716 TCPRcvCoalesce: 40294 TCPOFOQueue: 1476 TCPSpuriousRtxHostQueues: 93 TCPAutoCorking: 72967 TCPSynRetrans: 288265 TCPOrigDataSent: 1710137 TCPHystartTrainDetect: 15 TCPHystartTrainCwnd: 353 IpExt: InNoRoutes: 15585 InBcastPkts: 1768457 InOctets: 3218892710 OutOctets: 630926470 InBcastOctets: 619318853 InNoECTPkts: 6182892显示网络统计。 列出所有TCP与UDP端口。 netstat -tulnp常常配合 grep 查找 wc -l 数量统计 来使用 4 cat /proc/net/dev在Linux系统中，系统调用是操作系统提供给应用程序使用操作系统服务的重要接口，但同时也正是通过系统调用机制，操作系统屏蔽了用户直接访问系统内核的可能性。幸运的是Linux提供了LKM机制可以使我们在内核空间工作，在LKM机制中一个重要的组成部分就是proc伪文件系统，它为用户提供了动态操作Linux内核信息的接口，是除系统调用之外另一个重要的Linux内核空间与用户空间交换数据的途径。 Linux提供的LKM机制可以使我们通过proc伪文件系统来获取Linux内核信息，而通过proc/net/dev我们可以实时获取网络适配器及统计信息。 Inter-| Receive | Transmit face |bytes packets errs drop fifo frame compressed multicast|bytes packets errs drop fifo colls carrier compressed enp61s0f3: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bond0.154: 23769663570 83593670 0 13 0 0 0 0 60272263526 72633188 0 0 0 0 0 0 bond1: 841179 13944 0 0 0 0 0 0 500072910 8335227 0 0 0 0 0 0 enp61s0f0: 65741012185 114223003 0 0 0 0 0 13 147224458885 652802887 0 0 0 0 0 0 bond0.199: 1056232010083 1222889472 0 191 0 0 0 0 229863482606 1164038349 0 0 0 0 0 0 enp61s0f2: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bond0: 1102365185281 1360684498 0 305 0 0 0 26 293463920706 1288944846 0 0 0 0 0 0 lo: 382521374129 913589064 0 0 0 0 0 0 382521374129 913589064 0 0 0 0 0 0 ens3f0: 498279 8229 0 0 0 0 0 0 333414500 5557589 0 0 0 0 0 0 ens6f0: 342900 5715 0 0 0 0 0 0 166658410 2777638 0 0 0 0 0 0 bond1.206: 383165 8231 0 13 0 0 0 0 99034 2329 0 0 0 0 0 0 bond2: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333316136 5555266 0 0 0 0 0 0 enp61s0f1: 1036624173156 1246461496 0 0 0 0 0 13 146239461755 636141958 0 0 0 0 0 0 ens3f1: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 166658456 2777638 0 0 0 0 0 0 ens6f1: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 166657680 2777628 0 0 0 0 0 0 docker0: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0参考链接（内有输出参数详解）： https://www.cnblogs.com/zqyanywn/p/10024705.html |
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