强调句可以用 it is...which/when/when/why 吗 |
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标准的强调句型是it is/was...that/...。其它连接词很少使用。有人认为被强调的成分如果是作状语的时间名词是也可以用when,例如: It was yesterday that/when he left for Japan. 但如果是介词短语作时间状语,则不能用when It was in 1995 that he left for Japan. 不能用when. 有时候我们会见到which用于类似的结构中,其实这不是强调句型,而是which引导一个普通的定语从句。例如: What is that on the desk? It is a report which I am writing. (这不是强调句型。it指代问句中的that,which引导定语从句) I have heard you are writing a book. No, it is a report that I am writing. 强调句型。不能用which。 再比较下面二句: I heard they sacked the secretary. No, it was the manager who was sacked. (强调句型。) Who was crying? It was the manager who was sacked. (定语从句。) 偶尔见到的it is/was...where/which...通常都是定语从句结构,It为人称代词。why不可能用于强调句。 总之,强调句型用that最安全,可以用于强调所有成分。被强调的成分为人时,可以用who。最好不要再用其它词,以免出错。 有人认为,在美式英语中当被强调部分为物或抽象概念时,可用which代替that。总而言之,在没有把握的情况下最好都用that。 夸克《英语语法大全》(英文版P.1387)在将强调句型和定语从句比较时指出: There are differences from relative clauses, however, in that the wh-forms are rare in cleft sentences in comparison with that and zero although whose is allowed in cleft sentences (It's Uncle Bill whose address I lost), whom and which are only marginally possible, and it is virtually impossible to use whom or which preceded by a preposition. Thus: It was the dog to which I gave the water. can be read only as a sentence containing a postmodifying relative clause (compare She was the woman to whom I gave the water), and not as a cleft sentence. 即强调句型中与that和省略that相比较而言,除whose比较常用外,其它wh-词的使用较为少见。whom和which仅在极少的情况下使用。 正如夸克指出的,强调句型的标准用词是that(或省略that),如今不少人以为只要被强调的成分是人,就可以用who。这种认识会导致who的滥用。实际的情况是that远较who常用,who的使用是很少见的(夸克用rare表示)。作为学习英语的中国人,应该尽量使用that(或省略that),少用who. 其它wh-开头的词更不宜使用。因为我们自己很难判断那些少见的情况属于什么情况。 |
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