include, included, including 的用法

1. include 的用法

表示“包括”“包括……在内”，是及物动词。如：

Does the price include breakfast, or not? 这定价包括不包括早餐?

Clearly she no longer included her among her friends. 显然她不再把她看作朋友。

后接动词，通常用动名词。如：

Your duties include checking the post and distributing it. 你的职责是检查和发送邮件。

Your responsibilities will include making appointments on my behalf. 你的职责包括为我安排预约。

2. included 与including

比较以下句子，用现在分词including，其后要接宾语，其实此时它可视为介词；用过去分词included，要放在所修饰的词语之后，表示被动关系，“名词或代词+included”可视为独立主格：

我们所有的人都去，包括老师在内。

正：All of us went, including the teacher.

正：All of us went, the teacher included.

定价10美元，包括邮资。

正：Price $10, postage included.

正：Price $10, including postage.