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本篇写如何应用英语学习方法，女王演讲的发音优雅、用词精准、语法多样又简洁，对四六级、雅思、托福和GRE考试来说是很优质的材料，对自学英语的人也是能提高听说读写能力的学习材料。建议在听第一遍或阅读本文之前，不要看字幕当成听力来做，可以关闭显示屏或者用纸挡住下方，做听写效果更佳。诚实听，不含糖；不看字幕，疗效好。

女王17年圣诞演讲视频（中英对照字幕）：https://v.qq.com/x/page/g0524os3rap.html

Sixty years ago today, a young woman spoke about the speed of technological change as she presented the first television broadcast of its kind. She described the moment as a landmark.

【Sixty years ago today】六十年前的今天，这个today用在这里你想到了么？

【发音——停顿和重读】第一句是as引导的时间状语从句，主句在前从句在后，停顿用//表示，重读用加粗表示：Sixty years ago today, a young woman // spoke about the speed of technological change //as she presented the first television broadcast of its kind.

注意从句和主句之间有停顿，停顿在引导从句的连接词前，连接词as被弱读；主句的主语和动词之间有停顿，这是出于节奏的考虑，两个停顿之间的时长要基本相等。

重读单词的重读音节发音应当饱满充分，尤其是重读音节里的元音（例如spoke的o、change的a和first的ir），意思就是口型做到位、比别的时间长，但不要过于夸张，会造成戏剧效果或者变成滑稽的模仿。

QUEEN (in archival footage): Television has made it possible for many of you to see me in your homes on Christmas Day. My own family often gather round to watch television, as they are at this moment. And that is how I imagine you now.

【发音——八卦】之前看过研究，不仅是英国民众的英音，女王的Received Pronunciation也是随着时间有所改变的。看看60年前的语音和现在的对比，能感觉到有哪些变化呢？不过女王的优雅和君王气度一如往昔。这份优雅淡定，除了举止和阅历之外，还通过稳定、较为缓慢的语速以及平和不惊的语调体现出来。

【发音——连读】as they are at this moment 第一个词词尾遇到第二个词词头要失去爆破，s只保留口型不送气，快速过渡到th的音；然后they are 连读，微微停顿。at的a和前面的r有弱读或连读、t遇到the失去爆破，整体上at应快速完成r-a-the的滑动。

这部分的读音有点微妙，可以多听几遍，慢慢琢磨；或者至少能记住模糊的音，在听力能够辨析清楚。留个小题目：试着判断一下gather round to watch television 的发音技巧有哪些？

Six decades on, the presenter has evolved somewhat, as has the technology she described. Back then, who could have imagined that people would one day be watching this on laptops and mobile phones, as some of you are today?

【写作——呼应】Six decades on需要与前面第一段开头的Sixty years ago today六十年前的今天联系起来，使用了同意替换，相似构成在内容有呼应对比，同时排比的句式和Six-头韵法听起来有节奏韵律美。类似用法还有technology和 describe。

But I'm also struck by something that hasn't changed - that whatever the technology, many of you will be watching this at home.

【写作——对比】前文中的科技变化：从广播进化到电视，又进化到移动端。但不变的是人类永恒的主题和心的归宿——家，自然引出主题。

联系上面两段，evolve VS not changed；technology（physical） VS home （mental），用意义上的对比，即时光流逝家庭永恒引出主题，同时用短语并列呼应前面，句式上也富于变化，用问句引起思考，主题部分使用一个名词性从句嵌套，在从句部分将核心信息传递出来，相比起用I'm also struck that whatever the technology many of you will be watching this at home hasn't changed ，重心后置更加简洁有力。

（1分54秒）We think of our homes as places of warmth, familiarity and love - of shared stories and memories - which is perhaps why, at this time of year, so many return to where they grew up. There is a timeless simplicity to the pull of home. For many, the idea of home reaches beyond a physical building, to a home town or city.

【雅思备考写作口语素材】这段用到口语第二部分"描述春节（回家过年习俗）""描述活动（回家聚会）""描述家庭""描述建筑（家）""印象深刻的事（离家很久再回家）"等话题妥妥的。Home还可以替换成Friends、relatives甚至祖国。发音、用词和语法多地道啊。

【语法——长难句】We think of our homes as places of warmth, familiarity and love - of shared stories and memories - which is perhaps why, at this time of year, so many return to where they grew up.一个长难句该如何分析和理解？

先把插入语at this time of year, 和 - of shared stories and memories -去除。句子变成We think of our homes as places of warmth, familiarity and love which is perhaps why so many return to where they grew up.

分析嵌套的从句1：This（which）is perhaps why so many return to 前面是主句，后面是where引导的宾语从句，表地点where they grew up.

分析嵌套的从句2：This（which）is perhaps 前面是主句，后面是why引导的名词性从句，表原因why so many return home（to where they grew up）.

再来分析从句：We think of our homes as places of warmth, familiarity and love 前面是主句，后面是which引导的定语从句，修饰整个句子 which is perhaps why so many return to where they grew up.

所以整个句子主干可以变成我们熟悉的样子：Our homes are places of warmth, familiarity and love, so we return home.注意这句里的so是引导原因状语从句的连词，而原句中的so是so many的一部分，不承担语法结构上连词的角色，而是作为副词修饰many，表示"很、非常"。

分析长难句，先把插入语和不影响理解的修饰部分忽略不看；再把引导从句的引导词找到，从而定位主句；如果有看不出来对谁嵌套的从句，就按顺序一层层地来剥析出从句是主句的哪个语法成分。

【语法——to的使用】There is a timeless simplicity to the pull of home.这句结构简单，但我理解的时候还是觉得好难。首先，simplicity的搭配是of，怎么会用to呢？查了字典，to做介词有14个义项（详情参阅 ），其中我认为比较合理的解释，是to可以表原因，即used to indicate the thing that causes something to happen，例句她母亲因癌症过世She lost her mother to cancer. [=her mother died of cancer]。

这样的话，句子可以转化成there is a timeless simple reason for the pull of home 或者 Home attracts people because of a simple and timeless reason.翻译成中文就是家有很强的吸引力的原因很简单却亘古不变。这个简单的原因就是上一句：家有回忆和爱，所以人们原意回家。

（2分12秒）For many, the idea of "home" reaches beyond a physical building to a home town or city. This Christmas, I think of London and Manchester, whose powerful identities shone through over the past twelve months in the face of appalling attacks.

【写作——衔接】For many, the idea of "home" reaches beyond a physical building to a home town or city. 上文讲的是人们回家这个主题，这句话将概念从具象的楼房、血缘家庭扩展到家乡和城镇，接下来就是主要描述后者的内容了。

the idea of A reaches beyond a physical XX to XXX（可以直译为A的概念不仅包含XX还包含XXX）在句式上也是一个点睛之笔，可以灵活应用于抽象概念的讨论，比如亲情不仅仅是血缘纽带更是照顾日常起居和关心爱护；中国人爱国不仅是国籍认同更包括对中华民族的热爱，等等。

【发音——重读】这句话里，home前后出现了两次，有一个小小的对比，因此在语音层面，女王将第一个home 是句子重读，因为它是句子主干的核心；第二个home位于to引导的宾语部分，虽然也是句子重读，但要比第一个轻快一些，强调程度没有第一个重。

【语法——through】powerful identities shone through over the past twelve months里面的through是介词么？查了下《牛津搭配词典》，并没有shine through的搭配。因此through在这里是副词，表示一个活动、一段时间或一个情景的从头到尾from the beginning to the end of an activity, a situation or a period of time，例句1 The children are too young to sit through a concert. 孩子们还小，无法坚持听完音乐会；例句2 He will not live through the night. 他活不过今晚。例句3 I'm halfway through (= reading) her second novel. 我把她第二部小说读了一半。

此外，through 还有几个有意思的用法：

Her knees had gone through (= made holes in) her jeans. 裤子膝盖处磨破了；The sand ran through (= between) my fingers. 沙子从指间落下；这两个句子里，though作from one end or side of something/somebody to the other。

He drove through a red light (= passed it when he should have stopped). 他开车闯红灯；I'd never have got through it all (= a difficult situation) without you. 要是没有你，我一定挺不过去。这两句里through作past a barrier, stage or test。

It was through him (= as a result of his help) that I got the job. 就是因为他的帮忙我才找到工作。Through作by means of; because of。

【发音——停顿】This Christmas, I think of London and Manchester, whose powerful identities shone through // over the past twelve months // in the face of appalling attacks. 这句话的停顿//充分体现了按意群划分的特点，在这句里就是按照句子成分走的。同时，为什么在讲到through的意义时先查搭配，只查shine through 却不查shine over？因为句子停顿已经充分说明shine 和over 分属两个意群。假设是同一个动词词组的动词和介词，是不会有这么大的停顿的。

In Manchester, those targeted included children who had gone to see their favorite singer. A few days after the bombing, I had the privilege of meeting some of the young survivors and their parents.

【语法——the+adj】those targeted直译是被恐怖分子当做目标的人们，可以翻译为受害者。 "the + 形容词"可以表示一类人，在同义替换的时候特别好用，比如the elderly老年人、the disabled残疾人、the vulnerable弱势群体、容易受到伤害的人（通常指小孩妇女）等等。

【写作——pathos】古希腊修辞学认为合格的演讲（或者写作）必须具备ethos, pathos和 logos三个要素。Ethos是指可信度，也就是说演讲者或是作者必须要让自己显得可信。Pathos指的是情感，也就是说作者或是演讲者通过煽动受众情绪来达到演讲的目的。Logos和pathos相对，指的是利用完全的逻辑来说服听众。

小孩、偶像的演唱会 VS 恐怖袭击、目标 ，弱小纯真与强大邪恶的对比跃然纸上，听众的怜悯同情和愤怒一起上涌，不得不说 pathos的运用很成功。

【写作——同义替换】英语语言与中文的不同点之一就是英文使用丰富多样的形式，从各种角度描述同一个概念，比如those targeted = children = the young survivors。

（3分18秒）I describe that hospital visit as a "privilege" because the patients I met were an example to us all, showing extraordinary bravery and resilience. Indeed, many of those who survived the attack came together just days later for a benefit concert. It was a powerful reclaiming of the ground, and of the city those young people call home.

【语法——非谓语动词】the patients I met were an example to us all, showing extraordinary bravery and resilience.

showing 部分是现在分词做非谓语，修饰的是句子的主语parents 而不是离它最近的us all。还原成句子应该是The patients who (the patients) show extraordinary bravery and resilience were an example to us all. 或者Because the patients showed extraordinary bravery and resilience, they (the patients) were an example to us all.

【词汇——resilience】 resilience 是抽象名词，不可数，意思是The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness. 从艰难困境中快速复原的能力；The ability of a substance or object to spring back into shape; elasticity.物质或物体恢复形状和弹性的特性。常见搭配是：resilience noun

ADJ. great, remarkable | natural

VERB + RESILIENCE have | demonstrate, show

PREP. ~ to She has shown great resilience to stress.

PHRASES strength and resilience

【写作——呼应】结尾It was a powerful reclaiming of the ground, and of the city those young people call home. 将本段主人公的young people 和本篇主题home（家园、城镇）再次联系，强调对于攻击家园之人的坚强对抗、对于家园的守护和不可失去。

We expect our homes to be a place of safety — "sanctuary" even — which makes it all the more shocking when the comfort they provide is shattered. A few weeks ago, The Prince of Wales visited the Caribbean in the aftermath of hurricanes that destroyed entire communities. And here in London, who can forget the sheer awfulness of the Grenfell Tower fire?

【写作——对比】如果说上一段的attack是人祸，那么这一段讲的是天灾：飓风 hurricane 和火灾fire。段首句将灾难与家园联系在一起，即家园提供安全，不可抗拒的天灾让我们失去家园，家园覆灭的痛苦更深。

Our thoughts and prayers are with all those who died and those who lost so much; and we are indebted to members of the emergency services who risked their own lives, this past year, saving others. Many of them, of course, will not be at home today because they are working, to protect us.

【写作——衔接】仔细分析承接：段首句的前半句附和上文的受灾和受害者遭遇天灾人祸、失去家园的痛苦，以"我们（的思念和祈祷）"为连接，在下半句提起新内容emergency services 紧急救护人员。在第二句将emergency services与家庭联系：在节日团聚却不能回小家，因为在保护大家。

【词汇——indebted】 indebted 形容词，意思是Owing gratitude for a service or favour. 感激的。常用搭配be indebted to sb for sth，例句I am indebted to her for her help in indexing my book.。

【词汇——risk】risk可以做名词"风险"，也可以做动词"冒险"，作动词时是及物动词。后面一定要跟名词或者非谓语充当宾语成分。例句he risked his life to save his dog. 和coal producers must sharpen up or risk losing half their business.

Risk还有一个衍生义： Incur the chance of unfortunate consequences by engaging in (an action) 由于参与（行动）而产生不幸后果的可能性。例句Shelley was far too intelligent to risk attempting to deceive him. 雪莱很聪明，（我们）不能冒险欺骗他。

Reflecting on these events makes me grateful for the blessings of home and family, and in particular for 70 years of marriage. I don't know that anyone had invented the term "platinum" for a 70th wedding anniversary when I was born. You weren't expected to be around that long. Even Prince Philip has decided it's time to slow down a little — having, as he economically put it, "done his bit".

But I know his support and unique sense of humor will remain as strong as ever, as we enjoy spending time this Christmas with our family and look forward to welcoming new members into it next year.

【语法——宾语并列】第一句用非谓语+make sb ad j句式，grateful for 后面跟了两个宾语：grateful for the blessings of home and family, and for 70 years of marriage in particular. 注意两个宾语并列的情况，需要将介词写两遍，每个宾语前都要有。如果是两个从句并列做宾语（即使用宾语从句），那么引导第二个宾语从句的连词that不可省去。

【写作——衔接】首句整个句子的重点在grateful，用第一个宾语来承接上文"blessings of home and family守护家庭"，第二个宾语用于开启下文"marriage婚姻"。用一个简单句，in particular 突出重点在后，过渡简洁有力。

【词汇——anniversary】请阅读下面的文字后尝试造句：2018年11月20日，女王庆祝结婚71周年。

从构词法来看，annus 代表年'year' + versus代表回 'turning'，因此：

Anniversary, noun, a date that is an exact number of years after the date of an important or special event 名词，重要或特殊活动的周年、纪念日。

1 of an important event 重要活动

ADJ. first, second, etc. 一周年，两周年

VERB + ANNIVERSARY celebrate, commemorate, mark They held celebrations to mark the anniversary of Mozart's death. 纪念X周年

ANNIVERSARY + VERB be, fall The anniversary of the founding of the charity falls on 12th November. 周年活动在（日期）举办

PREP. on an/the ~ on the 20th anniversary of his death在X周年活动上

2 of a wedding 结婚纪念日

ADJ. first, second, etc. | wedding

VERB + ANNIVERSARY celebrate 庆祝结婚纪念日

PREP. on sb's ~ He bought her a diamond ring on their tenth wedding anniversary.

PHRASES a diamond, golden, silver, etc. wedding anniversary 钻石婚、金婚、银婚

【常见搭配——as sb puts it】这是一个很地道的表达，后面接一个逗号再接原话（也就是直接引语）as作连词，put 是动词，要根据sb进行主谓一致的形态变化，it指代后面的直接引语。那么，为什么原文是"as he put it"？原文当中he做主语，一般现在时要改成puts，但句子整体是过去时态，所以put的过去式还是put。

In 2018 I will open my home to a different type of family: the leaders of the fifty-two nations of the Commonwealth, as they gather in the UK for a summit. The Commonwealth has an inspiring way of bringing people together, be it through the Commonwealth Games — which begin in a few months' time on Australia's Gold Coast — or through bodies like the Commonwealth Youth Orchestra & Choir: a reminder of how truly vibrant this international family is.

2018年，我将敞开家门迎接一群特殊的家人：52个联邦国的首脑将前来英国参加峰会。英联邦总是以一种鼓舞人心的方式将人们聚在一起，无论是像几个月后将在澳大利亚黄金海岸举行的联邦国运动会，还是像英联邦青年管弦乐团和合唱团这样的团体，这些都提醒着我们，这个国际大家庭是多么具有生机与活力。

【语法——be it无论】句中的be it是一种表示让步的虚拟倒装结构，由be 引起的倒装句表示让步，be it = whether it + be = no matter if/whether的具体时态形式 相当于一个让步状语从句。Be it 句式带有虚拟语气的结构特点，即 be 用原形，但表示的不是假设，而是语气的加强。主语可以是it，也可以是其他人称。它既可位于句首，也可位于句末或穿插句中。这是一种现在使用频率较低且略带文学意味的习惯用法，出现于正式的书面语中。

更多例句：

劝大龄单身可以这样说：你要想结婚别太挑，抓住遇到的每一个，管他是穷是挫。

You should not nitpick potential men on the first acquaintance, be he poor or ugly.

大龄单身反驳可以这样说：结婚了也可能离婚，别管老公是丑是帅。

Spouses may still end up with divorce, be husband ugly or handsome.

Today we celebrate Christmas, which itself is sometimes described as a festival of the home. Families travel long distances to be together. Volunteers and charities, as well as many churches, arrange meals for the homeless and those who would otherwise be alone on Christmas Day.

We remember the birth of Jesus Christ whose only sanctuary was a stable in Bethlehem. He knew rejection, hardship and persecution; and yet it is Jesus Christ's generous love and example which has inspired me through good times and bad.

【写作——句式和例证】句中rejection, hardship and persecution 三个抽象名词并列，程度逐渐加深。

He knew rejection, hardship and persecution. 他遭受过排挤，经历过苦难与迫害。这句话用逗号分隔，前后两部分对仗工整：音节数相同，重音节奏也相似，两部分都以元音开头he和Har、辅音结尾-tion。

inspired me through good times and bad.激励着我走过人生的起起落落。一句很经典的常见搭配，可以背下来。其他例子有查尔斯狄更斯的小说《艰难岁月Hard times》，还有《双城记》的著名开头：It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. 这是最坏的时代，也是最好的时代。

Whatever your own experiences this year; wherever and however you are watching, I wish you a peaceful and very happy Christmas.

【让步状语从句】whatever= no matter what；wherever=no matter where，however不是表转折的"但是"，是no matter how；表示"不论、尽管"。不论今年经历如何，不论身处何方，不论用什么方法观看。

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