【六】Spring Boot之 单元测试总结 |
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【六】Spring Boot之 单元测试总结
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一、IDEA自动生成测试类 1.安装插件JUnitGenerator V2.0 File---->Settings---->Browse Repositories 2.安装好后把JUnit和JUnitGenerator V2.0一起勾上 3.配置插件 把package上test.前缀去掉 配置测试类生成的地址 ${SOURCEPATH}/../../test/java/${PACKAGE}/${FILENAME} 4.对着要生成的类 @SpringBootTest会加载spring的上下文，这样可以使用@Autowired注入Bean package com.sid.service.impl; import com.sid.service.UserService; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*; import static org.junit.Assert.*; /** * @Description: Service层单元测试 启动了服务 * @Param: * @return: * @Author: Sid * @Date: 2018-10-24 13:53 * @since: 1.0 */ @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class UserServiceImplTest { /** * @Description: 直接测试service 用IOC注入进来 这样run的时候会先启动springboot项目 * @Param: * @return: * @Author: Sid * @Date: 2018-10-24 13:42 * @since: 1.0 */ @Autowired UserService userService; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { } @After public void tearDown() throws Exception { } @Test public void set() { userService.set("sid:test:string:key:","lalala"); String value = userService.get("sid:test:string:key:"); Assert.assertEquals("lalala",value); //可以只使用 assertThat 一个断言语句，结合 Hamcrest 提供的匹配符，就可以表达全部的测试思想 //引入import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*; Assert.assertThat(value,is("lalala")); } } 三、测试Controller类有3种方法，1可以跟上面一样用@Autowired把Controller注入进来然后调用Controller的方法。参照上方，这里不介绍。 2.用MockMvc模拟的HTTP请求package com.sid.controller; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders; import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext; import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath; /** * @Description: Controller层单元测试 注入Spring 上下文的环境到 MockMvc 中 测试时会启动项目 * @Param: * @return: * @Author: Sid * @Date: 2018-10-24 13:45 * @since: 1.0 */ @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class UserControllerTest { /** * @Description: 使用MockMvc 模拟HTTP请求 来测试controller * MockMvc实现了对Http请求的模拟，能够直接使用网络的形式，转换到Controller的调用， * 这样可以使得测试速度快、不依赖网络环境，而且提供了一套验证的工具，这样可以使得请求的验证统一而且很方便。 * * // 模拟MVC对象，通过MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build()初始化。 * @Param: * @return: * @Author: Sid * @Date: 2018-10-24 13:43 * @since: 1.0 */ private MockMvc mvc; @Autowired private WebApplicationContext wac; // 注入WebApplicationContext /** * @Description: 直接注入userController 然后调用userController的方法来测试 * @Param: * @return: * @Author: Sid * @Date: 2018-10-24 13:44 * @since: 1.0 */ // @Autowired // private UserController userController; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { //使用 WebApplicationContext 构建 MockMvc this.mvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build(); } @After public void tearDown() throws Exception { } @Test public void addUser() throws Exception { MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user/add") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE) //form表单格式传参 .param("id", "4") .param("name", "junit test") .param("password", "111") .param("mobilePhone", "18523980000") .characterEncoding("utf-8") .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE); ResultActions result = mvc.perform(requestBuilder); MvcResult mvcResult = result.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn();// 返回执行请求的结果 System.out.println("response------------------:"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString()); } @Test public void deleteUser() throws Exception { MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user/delete") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE) //form表单格式传参 .param("mobilePhone", "18523980000") .characterEncoding("utf-8") .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE); ResultActions result = mvc.perform(requestBuilder); MvcResult mvcResult = result.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$").value(1)) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn();// 返回执行请求的结果 System.out.println("response------------------:"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString()); } @Test public void updateUser() throws Exception { MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user/update") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE) //form表单格式传参 .param("id", "1") .param("name", "名字") .param("mobilePhone", "185") .param("password", "5") .characterEncoding("utf-8") .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE); ResultActions result = mvc.perform(requestBuilder); MvcResult mvcResult = result.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn();// 返回执行请求的结果 System.out.println("response------------------:"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString()); } @Test public void selectAll() throws Exception { MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user/selectAll") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE) //form表单格式传参 .param("pageNum", "1") .param("pageSize", "5") .characterEncoding("utf-8") .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE); ResultActions result = mvc.perform(requestBuilder); MvcResult mvcResult = result.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andExpect(jsonPath("list").exists()) .andExpect(jsonPath("$.list", notNullValue())) .andExpect(jsonPath("$.list[0].id", is(1))) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn();// 返回执行请求的结果 System.out.println("response------------------:"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString()); } @Test public void getUserByMobilePhone() throws Exception { MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user/getUserByMobilePhone") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE) //form表单格式传参 .param("mobilePhone", "18523980000") .characterEncoding("utf-8") .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE); ResultActions result = mvc.perform(requestBuilder); MvcResult mvcResult = result.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andExpect(jsonPath("$", notNullValue())) .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name", is("junit test"))) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn();// 返回执行请求的结果 System.out.println("response------------------:"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString()); } } 3.用TestRestTemplate完整HTTP请求测试package com.sid.controller; import com.github.pagehelper.PageInfo; import com.sid.model.User; import org.hamcrest.Matchers; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate; import org.springframework.core.ParameterizedTypeReference; import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap; import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap; /** * @program: springboot * @description: * @author: Sid * @date: 2018-11-15 10:52 * @since: 1.0 **/ @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) //开启一个随机的可用端口 @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) public class TestRestTemplateTest { @Autowired private TestRestTemplate restTemplate; @Test public void listAll() { String url = "/user/selectAll"; // 封装入参数，不要替换为Map与HashMap，否则参数无法传递 MultiValueMap paramMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap(); paramMap.add("pageNum", 1); paramMap.add("pageSize", 5); HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); HttpEntity httpEntity = new HttpEntity(paramMap,headers); // 1、使用postForObject请求接口 PageInfo result = restTemplate.postForObject(url, paramMap, PageInfo.class); System.out.println("result1==================" + result.getList()); // 2、使用postForEntity请求接口 ResponseEntity response2 = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, httpEntity, PageInfo.class); System.out.println("result2====================" + response2.getBody().getList()); // 3、使用exchange请求接口 //设置接受参数的类型 只有用exchange+ParameterizedTypeReference接收到的pageInfo中的List是user类，上面两种方式接收到的都是个LinkedList ParameterizedTypeReference type = new ParameterizedTypeReference() {}; ResponseEntity response3 = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, httpEntity, type); System.out.println("result3====================" + response3.getBody().getList()); Assert.assertThat(response3.getBody().getList(), Matchers.notNullValue()); } } 四、常用注解介绍@Before：初始化方法@After：释放资源@Test：测试方法（包括：期望异常和超时时间） @Test(timeout = 1000)，超时会失败。 @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class) 希望抛出空指针异常 @Ignore：忽略的测试方法@BeforeClass：针对所有测试，只执行一次，且必须为static void@AfterClass：针对所有测试，只执行一次，且必须为static void@RunWith：可以更改测试运行器执行顺序： @BeforeClass ==> @Before ==> @Test ==> @After ==> @AfterClass @SpringBootTest会加载spring的上下文，这样可以使用@Autowired注入Bean 五、参数化测试1.使用parameterized入参每一组参数执行一次test的入参 package com.sid.controller; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.junit.runners.Parameterized; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is; import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat; /** * @program: springboot * @description: 参数化测试 * @author: Sid * @date: 2018-11-15 10:33 * @since: 1.0 **/ //1.需要使用Parameterized运行器 @RunWith(Parameterized.class) public class ParameterTest { // 2.声明变量存放预期值和测试数据 private String firstName; private String lastName; //3.声明一个返回值 为Collection的公共静态方法，并使用@Parameters进行修饰 @Parameterized.Parameters // public static List param() { // 两个测试用例 return Arrays.asList(new Object[][]{{"Sid", "Lee"}, {"Tom", "Cat"}}); } //4.为测试类声明一个带有参数的公共构造函数，并在其中为之声明变量赋值 public ParameterTest(String firstName, String lastName) { this.firstName = firstName; this.lastName = lastName; } // 5. 进行测试，发现它会将所有的测试用例测试一遍 @Test public void test() { String name = firstName + " " + lastName; assertThat("Sid Lee", is(name)); } }
提供一组参数的排列组合值作为待测方法的输入参数。 使用Theories这个Runner的时候，待测方法可以拥有输入参数，而这在其它的Runner中的测试方法是不行的。 package com.sid.controller; import org.junit.experimental.theories.DataPoint; import org.junit.experimental.theories.DataPoints; import org.junit.experimental.theories.Theories; import org.junit.experimental.theories.Theory; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; /** * @program: springboot * @description: * @author: Sid * @date: 2018-11-15 11:41 * @since: 1.0 **/ @RunWith(Theories.class) public class TestTheories { @DataPoint public static String nameValue1 = "Sid"; @DataPoint public static String nameValue2 = "Pencil"; @DataPoint public static int ageValue1 = 27; @DataPoint public static int ageValue2 = 18; //也可以用这种方式提供参数 // @DataPoints // public static String[] names = {"Sid", "Pencil"}; // @DataPoints // public static int[] ages = {27, 18}; @Theory public void testMethod(String name, int age){ System.out.println(String.format("%s's age is %s", name, age)); } }结果：
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