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高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit15-16☆重点句型☆1. Should you have enough energy left after a day on the slopes, you can take a dip in the pool, work out at the gym.2. Located in southern Austria, Kizbuhel is a paradise for skiers.3. But there's no need to worry if you have never skied before.4. Like many of its sister cities in the South, Atlanta was burnt down in the Civil War.5. Despite the hardships of the post-war years and the Great Depression, the people of Atlanta continued to develop the area, both economically and socially.6. It was also in Atlanta that one of the great leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born.7. In 1996, the city was the host of the Olympic Games, an honor the city-shares with great cities such as Sydney and Beijing.8. The South still has many problems to deal with, but the people there are determined to make a new beginning.☆重点词汇☆1. upset adj. 苦恼的2. airline n. 航空公司3. fly n. 苍蝇4. lifestyle n. 生活方式5. downtown adj. & n. 城市商业区(的)6. princess n. 公主7. avenue n. 大街8. guarantee vt. & n. 保证9. gather vt. 聚集，收集10. dip vt. 浸11. gym n. 体育馆12. analyse vt. 分析13. chat n. & vi. 聊天14. rate n. 速度，费用；vt. 评估，认为15. arrangement n. 安排16. passport n. 护照17. cheque n. 支票18. entry n. 进入19. mental adj. 脑力的20. physical adj. 物理的21. suffering n. 痛苦22. greedy adj. 贪婪的23. trader n. 商人24. unemployment n. 失业25. former adj. 以前的26. overcome vt. 克服27. plain n. 平原；adj. 清楚的，明白的28. resist v. 抵抗29. chief n. 首领30. afterwards adv. 后来31. widespread adj. 分布广的32. rot vi. 腐烂33. wildlife n. 野生动物34. supply vt.& n. 提供35. chain n. 链条36. willing adj. 愿意的短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1. look ____ 调查；观察2. ____ now and then 不时地3. get / be tired ____　对……感到厌倦；对……失　去兴趣4. cool ____ 变凉；冷却；冷静5. ____ vain 徒劳；白辛苦；徒然；枉然6. ____ a chance 冒险；碰运气7. leave ____ 不打扰；不理会8. ____ on 坚持(做)9. ____ a result结果；因此10. put ____ 出版；生产；扑灭；关掉11. ____ sale出售；新产品上市；减价；甩卖12. ____ turn转而；反过来；轮流；依次13. ____ a dip 去进行为时不长的游泳或(在河海　中)洗澡14. work ____ 进行锻炼、训练；计算出；设计出15. be upset ____ 对……难过16. ____ a list of列清单17. deal ____ 应付；处理18. make ____ of利用19. grow ____ 长大20. see / think ____ 认为恰当21. ____ though即使；尽管；纵使22. be known ____ 作为……而l叶J名23. act ____ 表演24. die ____ 逐渐消失；灭绝25. burn ____ 烧毁☆重点短语☆1. look into 调查2. every now and then 不时地3. get / betired of 对……感到厌倦4. cool off 变冷5. in vain 徒劳6. take a chance 冒险7. leave alone 不理会8. insist on 坚持9. as a result 结果10. put out 扑灭11. on sale 出售12. in turn 轮流☆交际用语☆l. I'm sorry to say ...2. I hate to have to say this, but ...3. Could you do something about... ?4. I will look into it immediately.5. Why didn't you tell me the truth?6. I'll do everything I can to help you.7. You really have to do something about ...8. Why don't you do something about it?9. How long / wide / high / tall is ... ?10. There is ... in the north / south / east / west.☆词汇短语☆【考点lO】decide 的用法▲ 构词：decision n. 决定；决心▲ 搭配：① make a / one's decision 决定下来，下决心，作出决定② come to / arrive at / reach a decision 作出决定③ with decision 断然▲ 句型：① decide to do sth 决定干某事② decide wh- to do sth 决定何时／如何／在哪里／是否／　干什么③ decide on + sth / wh- to do sth / wh- clause④ decide 后跟宾语从句，其含义是“断定”。⑤ It has been decided that clause... …已决定⑥ make decisions / a decision to do sth 决定干某事▲ 辨析：decide; determine; make up one's mind该组词均表达“决定，决心”之意，但decide意为“决定，决心”，指经过考虑，对疑难问题、争端等做出决定，含有取舍之意。determine意为“决定，决心，确定”，指经过周密思考与斟酌而下的决心，含有坚持之意，语气较强。make up one's mind意为“决定．决心，认定”，多指拿定主意去做某事，含有不再更改之意，后接不定式或从句。例如：We must decide what to do next. 我们必须决定下一步做什么。Have you determined where to go for your holiday?你决定去哪儿度假了吗?They have made up their minds to complete the taskahead of time. 他们已决定提前完成任务。【考例10】 (2022上海春招) When and where to go forthe on ____ salary holiday ____ yet．　　A. are not decided　　B. have not been decided　　C. is not being decided　　D. has not been decided[考查目标]不定式短语作主语时的主谓一致。[答案与解析]D“疑问句 + to do sth”作主语，其谓语动词必须使用单数形式，而yet暗示要用完成时态。【考点4】enough的用法▲搭配：① sure enough 果真；确实② strangely enough 说来也奇怪；奇怪得很▲句型：(not) adj./ adv. enough to do sth否定形式可与下列句型相转换：① too adj. / adv. (for sb) to do② so adj. / adv. that + 主语 + V(否定形式)肯定形式可与下列句型相转换：so adj. / adv. that +主语+V(肯定形式)My daughter is old enough to dress herself. 我女儿足够大．可以自己穿衣服了。The box is not light enough for me to lift. 这盒子不够轻，我举不起来。= The box is so heavy that I can't lift it. (注意两句中it的有无)The boy is not old enough to join the army．= The boyis so young that he can't join the army. = The boy is tooyoung to join the army. 这男孩太小不能参军。Is the ice hard enough to skate on? 这冰足够结实的可以站上去吗?③ Would you be kind / good enough to do sth? 用于邀　请对方千某事, 该句型相当于Would you be so kind　/ good as to do sth?④ cannot / can never…enough无论怎样也不为过分⑤ I have had enough. 我吃 / 喝好了。▲友情提示：作形容词修饰名词时，既可放在其前又可放在其后。I didn't have enough time to do the job. = I didn't havetime enough to do the job. 我没有足够的时间来做这工作。作副词修饰形容词或副词时。只能放在其后。They know well enough what we mean. 他们当然懂得我们的意思。【考例4】(NMET 2000) ____ to take this adven—ture course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.　　A. Brave enough students　　B. Enough brave students　　C. Students brave enough　　D. Students enough brave[考查目标]考查形容词短语作后置定语的用法。[答案与解析]C　enough经常修饰形容词或副词作后置定语，而brave enough又作后置定语修饰名词students。【考点7】forget 的用法▲搭配：① forget oneself 失去理智；忘乎所以② forget aIl about...完全忘记▲句型：① forget sth 忘记；忘却② forget to do sth 忘了要做某事(还没做)③ forget doing sth 忘记了曾做过某事(已做过)④ forget that.../ wh- 忘了……⑤ Forget it. 不要提了。▲辨析：forget；leave；lose；miss四词都有“忘；失去”之意，但forget意为“忘，忘记”，强调从某人的记忆中消失。常见结构有：forget sb. / sth;forget to do sth (忘记干某事，动作未做)；forget doingsth(忘记曾干过某事)；forget + 宾语从句(忘了某个事实)。leave意为“把某物忘在了某地”。常见结构为：leave sth + 地点状语。lose “丧失，遗失，丢失，失去”，含有失去或不再拥有的意思。常见结构有：lose sb / sth；lose one's work (失业)；lose one's life(丧生)；lose one'sway(迷路)；lose one's voice(失音)。miss意为“未找到，未发现；错过”．含有失去或不再拥有的惋惜之意，常见结构有：miss sth；miss doing sth miss还有“想念”之意。例如；I have forgotten his address and telephone number. 我忘了他的地址和电话号码。After she had finished reading the magazine, she left itin her office. 看完杂志后，她把它忘在办公室了。He lost aIJ the money he had just borrowed from me. 他把从我那儿借的前都弄丢了。Get up early tomorrow, or you'll miss the plane. 明天起早一点．不然的话．你就赶不上那班飞机。【考例7】(NMET 1991)-- The light in the office is still on.-- Oh, I forgot____.　　A. turning it off　　B. turn it off　　C. to turn it off　　D. having turned it off[考查目标] 考查非谓语动词的用法。[答案与解析]C　根据语境的内容．可以知道“我忘了要关灯”。【考点2】insist 的用法▲搭配：insist on / upon sth 坚持……▲句型：insist on / upon doing sth① insist on doing sth 坚持(要做某事)；坚决要求(干某　事)(句子的主语执行该动作)② insist on being done (句子的主语承受该动作)③ insist on one's doing sth (句子的主语坚持让别人做)④ insist on one's being done⑤ insist that clause 从句采用虚拟语气意为“坚持一定要让某人做……”⑥ insist that主语 + (should) + 动词原形(从句主语　执行从句的动作)⑦ insist that 主语 + (should)be + pp. ((从句主语承　受从句的动作)从句采用陈述语气，意为“坚持说”，表示说话人坚持自　己的某一种看法或事实。⑧ insist that主语 + V(根据需要选时态)……▲ 构词：① insistence n. 坚持；主线；强调② insistent adj. 坚决的；坚持的；迫切的【考例2】(2022江苏)The man insisted ____ a taxifor me even though I told him I lived nearby.　　A. find　　B. to find　　C. on finding　　D. in finding[考查目标] 考查固定短语。[答案与解析]C　insist on doing sth为固定短语。【考点11】keep 的用法▲ 构词：① keeper n. [C] 饲养员，看护人；管理人；看守人② keeping n. 保存；保管；管理▲ 搭配：① keep (...) out (of...) 使(……)不进入(……)，遮挡② keep up with the times 与时俱进③ keep on 继续④ keep back 留下；克扣⑤ keep off 避开，让开；不靠近，不接近；禁止接近⑥ keep on doing 不断地做……；继续做……⑦ keep up 保持；维持；继续；不使……低落⑧ keep out (留在外面；不进入)⑨ keep away from... 远离……⑩ keep in touch with... (与……保持联系)⑩ keep sth in mind 记住；想着⑥ keep watch (守望)⑩ keep order (维持秩序)⑩ keep one's promise (遵守／履行诺言)⑩ keep a hotel / school (开旅馆／办学校)⑩ keep a diary (记／写日记)⑩ keep the gate (守门)⑩ keep house (管理家务)⑩ keep one's balance (保持平衡)⑦ keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡⑨ keep a record (作记录)④ keep an / one's eye on sb / sth (密切注意，留神，看　守，看管)⑦ keep warm (保暖)④ keep silent (保持沉默)⑤ keep fit / healthy (保持健康)④ keep quiet (保持安静／不说话)⑤ keep still (站着不／别动)▲句型：keep + 宾语 + 宾补宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词充当。① keep doing sth 不间断地持续做某事，多用于表示决　心、毅力、顽强意志力或强调动作的反复。② keep on doing sth持续做某事，中间略有停顿，常用　于表示持续状态。③ keep (on) doing sth 均不能接意识性动词，如 know—　ing, realizing, understanding 等。④ keep on doing sth 中的 doing 不能用静态性动词，如　sitting, lying, sleeping 等。⑤ keep doing sth 中的 doing 可以是 lying，standing等　静态动词。⑥ keep sb / sth from doing sth 阻止某人干谋事比较：　keep sb／sth doing sth让某人一直不停地干某事⑦ keep sb. busy doing sth / keep sb busy with sth 使某　人忙于(干)某事【考例11】(2022北京)-- Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?-- No, dear. They don't ____ well. Put them in the　fridge instead.　　A. keep　　B. fit　　C. get　　D. last[考查目标] 动词搭配。[答案与解析]A　keep在本题中的含义是“保存，存放”，即in the cupboard与in the fridge时比可以得出答案。【考点8】leave 的用法▲构词：① left adj. 剩下的；留下的② school-leaver n. 毕业生▲搭配：① leave for 离开前往② leave out 省掉；漏掉；遗漏；不考虑③ leave sb alone / by oneself 把某人单独留下④ leave school 毕业⑤ leave a message 留个信⑥ (be)on leave 休假⑦ leave...behind 把……遗留在⑧ ask for leave 请假⑨ a three-day leave = a three days' leave 三天假期▲句型：① leave sb sth 使某人成为……；给某人留下……② leave + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(使让表达)使让……；留　下……③ leave sth + 地点状语“把某物忘／落在某地”④ leave sh / sth where he / she / it is / they are 别管；　放在原位⑤ There's (no)...left (for sth) 剩(没剩)……干某事⑥ There's (no)...left (for doing sth) 还留／剩下(没留／　剩下)……来干某事⑦ leave sb / sth to / with sb = leave sth to sb to do 把　某人／某事留给某人看管⑧ leave sb alone at home 把某人一个留在家▲ 辨析：forget; leave; lose; miss (见本讲考点7)【考例8】(NMET 2022)lf anybody calls, tell them I'mout，and ask them to ____ their name and address.　　A. pass　　B. write　　C. take　　D. 1eave[考查目标] 动词的运用。[答案与解析]D 根据句子的意思可以得知，“有人打电话，而我又出去了。自然是叫他留下名字和地址”。【考点5】need的用法▲搭配：① in need of 需要② meet / satisfy / fill one's need(s) /　the need(s) of sb　满足某人的需要▲句型：① have a / no need to do sth (不)需要做某事② There is a / no need (for sb) to do sth (某人)有／没有必要做某事③ 主语 + need(s) doing = 主语 + need(s) to be done　(主语承受该动作)需要……④ need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事⑤ There's a great /　growing need for / of sth……的需要在不断增长⑥ if need be = if it is necessary 如果需要的话▲友情提示: My watch needs repairing. = My watchneeds to be repaired. 我的手表需要修理。【考例5】(2022上海春招)Since you have repaired myTV set, ____ is no need for me t0 buy a new one．　　A. it　　B. there　　C. this　　D. that[考查目标]考查固定句型。[答案与解析]B There is no need (for sb) to do sth表示“(某人)没有必要做某事”。【考点3】practice / -se的用法(Am：practice)▲构词：practical adj. 实际的，实践的；实用的；有实际经验的，注重实际的；切实可行的；实际上practicable adj. 行得通的▲搭配：① in practice 事实上，实际上；在实践中② out of practice 疏于练习③ social practice 社会实践④ practice doctor / medicine 挂牌行医⑤ internationel practice 国际惯例⑥ from practice to knowledge 由实践到认识⑦ with / without practice (不)进行实践⑧ o practice 付诸实践⑨ a practical lawyer = a practiced lawyer = an experi—　enced lawyer 经验丰富的律师⑩ practical activities 实践活动⑩ a practical proposal 切实可行的建议▲句型：① practice(doing)sth 练习(做)……② It takes...practice to do sth 花费大量……练习干【考例3】(NMET 1992)We have worked out the planand nOW we must put it into____.　　A. fact　　B. reality　　C. practice　　D. deed[考查目标]考查固定短语。[答案与解析]C　put sth into practice为固定短语。【考点9】prefer的用法▲构词：preference n. [C；U] 偏爱(的事物)；喜欢(的事物)；嗜好；优待，选择，趋向▲ 搭配：① prefer...to...比起……更喜欢……② in preference to 优胜于，胜过③ show / have(a great)preference for偏爱▲句型：① prefer sth 更喜欢……② prefer to do sth 宁愿干某书；宁可干某事 / prefer　doing sth 宁愿干某事；宁可干某事③ prefer doing sth to doing sth④ prefer sb. to do sth 宁可宁愿让某人做某事⑤ prefer to do...rather than (to) do... 宁愿干……而　不愿干……⑥ 主语 + prefer + that + sb + (should) do 宁可……【考例9】(NMET 1994) Rather than ____ on acrowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle.　　A. ride; rode　　B. riding; ride　　C. ride; to ride　　D. to ride; riding[考查目标] 考查固定句型。[答案与解析]C　prefer to do sth rather than do sth 为固定句型，本题将 rather than 部分提前到前面。6. rate n. & v.　(1) n. 比率，速度，价格　At your present rate of working, you won't complete　your task before Sunday.　按你目前的工作进度，星期天以前你完成小了任务。　The birth rate is the number of births compared to the　size of the population.　出牛率是出生人数与人口总数之比。　(2) n. 评定，认为　Yao Ming is generally rated as one of the best　basketball players in the world.　姚明被公认为世界上最优秀的篮球运动员之…。　The company seems to rate her very highly.　公司似乎对她的评价很高。【考点1】sight 的用法▲ 搭配：① at the sight of 一看／见到……(就……)② at the first sight 乍一看；第一眼③ have a good / poor eyesight = have good / bad sight　视力好／差④ catch sight of 看到……；发现……⑤ lose sight of 看不见……⑥ lose one's sight 丧失视力；失明⑦ out of sight…… 看不见了⑧ (be) in sight……看得见【考例1】(1997上海) For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree____.　　 A．in sight　　B．on earth　　C．at a distance　　D．in place[考查目标]考查介词短语的实际运用。[答案与解析]A　in sight表示“看见”on earlh表示“究竟、到底”(经常用于疑问句中)；of a distance表示“在远处”；in place表示“在适当位置”。5. upset adj. & vt.　(1) adj. 苦恼的，烦人的　Jack was upset over her illness.　杰克因为她生病了感到很苦恼。　He was upset to learn that he failed in the test.　他得知考试未通过而忧心忡忡。　(2) vt. 使烦恼，使不适　The foreign food upsets him.　异因食物使得他胃口很不适。　The news that we lost the game quite upset us.　我们比赛失利的消息使得我们很沮丧。【考点6】worry 的用法▲ 构词：① worried adj. 担心的．烦恼的② worrying adj. 令人担忧的▲ 搭配：① worry about 担心；忧虑② look / become / feel worried看起来／变得／感到焦　虑／担心③ have a worried look 露出焦虑的神情④ not to worry 别担心；咱们不必发愁⑤ have a lot of worries 遇到了很多麻烦▲ 句型：① sb worry that-clause 担心…② what worries sb (most) is that-clause / to do sth /　 doing sth 最使某人担心的是……③ It worried sb. that... 什么事让某人担心④ sb worry about sb / sth / doing sth / wh-从句⑤ sth / sh worry sb. 某人 / 某事使某人担心⑥ sb be / become / feel worried about.../ that clause 担　心⑦ Don't worry. 别担心。⑧ sb / sth is a (great, constant) worry (to sb) 某人或　某事(非常／不断)让某人担心⑨ make / get sb worried (about)... 使……焦虑；使　……担心【考例6】(2022重庆) Laws that punish parents fortheir little children's actions against the laws get par—ents ____.　　A. worried　　　　B. to worry　　C. worrying　　D. worry[考查目标] 词的辨析与运用。[答案与解析]A get曲worried相当于Sb / Sth wor-ry sb (某人或某事使某人担心)。　　【短语归类】【考点2】含 away 的动词短语① take away 拿走；拆去；使离开；去除一do away with② move away 离开；搬走③ put away 收起来；存蓄④ give away 送掉；赠与；泄露⑤ turn away 走开；转过脸去；使离开⑥ go away 走开⑦ clear away 清理⑧ get away from 逃离或摆脱开[例旬]What takes you away so early? 为什么这么早就走?I'll give you some pills to take away the pain. 我将给你几片药止痛。Your sister moved away from the city a long time ago.你妹妹很久以前就离开这个城市了。His accent gave him away as a Highlander. 他的口音让人听出他是一个苏格兰高地人。He shook my hand and turned away. 他握了握我的手．转身走了。【考例2】(2022重庆)Before the war broke OUt manypeople ____ in safe places possessions they couldnot take with them.　　A. threw away　　B. put away　　C. gave away　　D. carried away[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词短语辨义。[答案与解析]B throw away 扔掉，carry away 运走；使入迷。根据语境应当是把不能带走的财产收藏好。【考点3】burn 短语① burn down 烧毁(建筑物)② burn up 烧毁；烧旺起来③ burn out 烧坏；烧毁；耗尽；被火烧得逃出去[例句] A fire burnt the house down. 一场火灾烧毁了这栋房屋。The building was burnt down and only ashes were left.这座建筑被烧毁，只剩下灰烬。Let us burn up all this waste paper. 我们把废纸烧了吧。He threw a log on the fire, and it burned up with acrackle. 他往火堆加了一块木头，火就噼噼啪啪旺起来。Bill burned himself out in the first part of the race andcould not finish. 比尔在赛跑开头时就耗尽了力气。因而未能跑完全程。▲辨析：burn down 指烧毁建筑物，down 有“倒下”之意；burn up 指烧毁除建筑物以外的东西，up有“向上，彻底”之意。【考例3】Thousands of people were burned ____ and made homeless overnight.　　A. up　　B. down　　C. out　　D. off[考查目标]此题主要考查动词后的副词搭配问题。[答案与解析]C　题意是：成千上万的人们被大火赶出家门，一夜之间变得无家可归。3. come out 与come 的其它词组用法　come out 意为“出版；开花；结果如何；出来”等。　come up 走过来；提及，被提出　come about 发生　come across 邂逅 (meet sb by chance)　come true 变为现实　come to 来到某地；得到……的结果；共计；涉及到　Come at 扑向，冲向　come around 恢复过来；到(这儿)来；平静下来　come through 经历(危险)活下来；(电话)接到，(电　报)收到　How did the ball game come out?　We splashed water on her face, and she soon came　round.　The flowers start to come out in spring.【考点5】dip 短语① take a dip (口) (在海水里等)洗个澡，泡一泡② go for a dip (口)去(海水里等)洗个澡。泡一泡③ have a dip (口)(在海水里等) 洗个澡，泡一泡④ dip into 把……浸入(液体)中；浏览，翻阅一下[例句] Let's take one more dip. 我们再下去泡一泡。I haven't read that book properly; I've only dipped intoit. 确切地说我还没有看过这本书，我只是翻翻一下。【考例5】You are doing your homework long. Stop andgo for a ____ in the river.　　A. breath　　B. dip　　C. rest　　D. swimming[考查目标]此题主要考查交际口语中的短语使用问题。[答案与解析]B　要知道要知道dip作为名词时的意思是：洗一会儿澡。在河中只能洗澡或游泳，不会说喘口气或是休息。因而排除A、C。选项D最具有迷惑性．我们一般说：go for a swim，不说：go for a swimming。【考点4】与 fit 有关的短语① see / think fit to do 认为……正确／合适② keep fit 保持健康③ be fit for / to do 适合做④ fit in with 与……相适应⑤ fit...on... 给某人试穿……[例句] The newspaper did not see fit to publish my Iet—ter. 报社认为不宜刊登我的信件。He keeps himself fit by running 5 miles every day. 他每日跑五英里以保持健康。He's been ill and isn't fit for work yet. 他近日生病，尚不适于丁作。【考例4】I'll make any other changes I think ____ and send it back to Moore．　　A. fit　　B. it fit　　C. to be fit　　D. it to be fit[考查目标]此题主要考查固定短语。[答案与解析]A　题意是：我要做一些其他的我认为合适的变动，然后送给摩尔。2. look into 及其短语用法　look into 向……的里面看，窥视；浏览；观察，调杏　look like 看起来像；看来要，好像要　look on 观看；面向，面朝；合读一本书；旁观；看待　look out 向外望；注意，当心；挑出来　look out for 当心，提防；照料；寻找　look over 查看；过目　look round 转回头看；到处寻找　look through 从头看完，透视；审核，查看；温习　look up (物价) 上涨；(形势)好转；查阅(字典，资料)；　访问，探访　look up and down 仔细打量(某人)；到处寻找　look upon(on)看作，认为是……(接as)　look up to 敬仰，尊重　I'm looking forward to seeing you this summer　vacation.　My friend looked after my cat while I was on holiday.　-- Can you come on Wednesday?　-- I'll just look in my diary to see if I'm free.　Look out, there's a car coming.　When you do not understand a word, you can look it　up in this dictionary.　　【短语归类】【考点l】含 off 的短语① cut off 切下；切断；阻隔② drive off / away 赶走．驱走③ cool off / down 冷下来；冷静下来④ take off 脱下；起飞；发迹⑤ set off 出发；引爆，引发⑥ break off 中断谈话；解除；折断⑦ call off 取消⑧ put off 推迟⑨ knock off 下班；停止干活⑩ be well off 富裕⑩ take a day off 休一天假⑩ jump off 跳高⑩ turn off 关闭⑩ die off 先后死去⑩ Be off! 走开!滚开![例句] He cut off a small piece of bread and gave it tome. 他切了一块面包给我。The floods cut us off from our homes. 洪水阻断我们回家。A crowd was driven off. 一群人被赶跑了。It just takes time for passions to cool off. 热情冷却是需要时间的。lt was his popularity that made his business took off. 是他的人缘好使他的生意成功。He broke off, and, looking up, saw the glitter of tearsin her eyes. 他停止谈话，抬头看时，发现她眼中噙着闪光的泪珠。The sports meet was called off due to the bad weather.因为天气不好，运动会被取消了。She was not well off and had a room to rent. 她不富裕，所以租问房子住。【考例l】(2022天津模拟) What a great weight themother felt ____ her mind the moment she foundher lost son!　　A. turned off　　B. taken off　　C. set free　　D. brought into[考查目标]此题主要考查动词短语辨析。[答案与解析]B turn off 关闭。take off 除去；脱去。set tee 释放。bring into 引进；吸收。题意是：当妈妈找到丢失的儿子时，心里沉重的担子卸掉了。1. put out 及其相关短语　1) 熄灭；关熄；扑灭　Please put out the light before you go to bed.　上床之前请把灯关掉。　2) 使忧虑；激怒；困扰；麻烦(某人)　3) 生产；出产；出版　[比较]　1) put through 接通电话　Can you put me through to this number?　2)put on v. 穿上；把……放在上面；装出，假装；增　加；欺骗等　3) put up　① 举起；抬起；张开(伞)　② 张贴；公布　Jasper has put up "No Parking" signs outside his gate,　but these have not had any effect.　③ 接待；为……提供食宿；供膳宿　4) put down　① 写下；记下　Put it down to my account, please.　② 控制；击败；平定；取缔；镇压　to put down the opposition　5) put aside　① 节省(钱、时间)；储蓄；储存……备用　The young lovers have been trying to put some money　aside for their marriage ceremony.　② 撇开；置之不理；把……放在一边　The manager had to put his work aside for a time for　an urgent accident.　6) put away　① 储存(钱)；储存……备用；储蓄(：put by)　② 吃掉；喝掉　The boy put the food away in the cupboard after he　finished his dinner.4. turn out 及与 turn 有关的一些动词词组　　turn out　　(1) 关上，关掉(灯等)　　(2) 聚集，召集，如参加公众活动或娱乐　　(3) 生产，制造(机器等)　(4) 结果是，被证明是……　(5) 赶出；使搬走；将……撵出去　[比较]　turn over 移交，交给；翻页；(使)翻身；推翻，翻倒　turn to 找(某人寻求帮助)；查阅；变成；转向　turn up 出现；发牛；查阅(词典等)；把(音量)调大；　(经济等)好转　turn down 拒绝接受；把音量调小　turn away 转身不看；拒不接受　Please make sure that the lights go out if no one is in　the room.　Bob turns over most of his money he earns to his　mother.　The whole school turned out to welcome the first　Chinese astronaut -- Yang Liwei.[牛刀小试2]1. I We can call arid discuss the business this evening, if you ____ fit.　　A. get　　B. see　　C. keep　　D. are2. Busy as he always is, he tries to spare some time to take a ____ to relax thoroughly in the sea.　　A. dip　　B. lying　　C. enjoy　　D. rest3. Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ____ the shocking ending.　　A. give away　　B. turn away　　C. carry away　　D. take away4. He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he　was ____ from the outside world．　　A. knocked off　　B. driven off　　C. cut off　　D. broken off5. The light bulb m the bathroom ____ and Father　put in a new one.　　A. burned down　　B. burned off　　C. burned up　　D. burned out　　☆词语比较☆1. be known as, be known for, be known to, be known　by　be known by 凭……而被知道　be known for 因……而著名　be known to 为……所知　be known as 以……知名；被认为是；称为　makeoneself knownto sb. 向某人作自我介绍　make sth．known to sb. 把某事(向某人)公布　The African lion is known as the king of the forest.2. dare, need　dare和need这两个词的用法有它们独特的地方。　词性有两种而且不同的词性决定了，它们不同的用　法。对中学生来讲掌握它们的用法有一定的难度，　重点难在对词性的判断，它们町以作为情态动词用　(其后不带to)，又可以作为行为动词用(后面要带　t0)。　Something is wrong with my watch. It needs　repairing.　I don't dare to ask the teachers for advice in the office.　He needs to come to school to give us a lecture on how　to learn English.　She dare not make loud noise while her father is　sleeping．3. provide, supply, offer　provide vt. 供给；提供n. The hotel will provide tents.这个宾馆会给我们提供帐篷。n. + for sb. = sb. + with sth.They provide food aud books for the children.他们给孩子们提供食物和书本。= They provide the children with food and vide for 赡养，抚养He had to provide for a big family.他得抚莽一个大家庭。supply vt. 提供……；供给……supply n. / sth. to sb. = sb. with sth. They didn't supply those children with books forstudying.他们没有给那些孩子提供学习用书。= They didn't supply books to those children forstudying．offer n. (主动)提出(给予)(做某事)offer sth. to sb. = offer sb. sth.I've been offered a job in Japan.我已经在日本找到了一份工作。offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事。He provide for his family by working in a bookshop.The water supply here is good.　They offered him a lift, but he didn't accept.4. advise, suggest　advise 与 suggest 都可作“建议”讲，二者用法有同有　异。　(1) 相同点　表示建议做某事，advise 与 suggest 都可采用下列三　种句型：　① + 名词　② + 动名词　③ + that从句(从句中常用should加动词原形，　should可以省略。)　He advised / suggested an early start.　他建议早点动身。　He advised / suggested (our) starting early.　他建议我们早点动身。　He advised / suggested that we (should) start early.　他建议我们早点动身。　[注意]只要是用从句表示建议该做的事，从句中就　可用“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略。　上面的第三句可转化为：　It was suggested that we (should) start early.　What he suggested was that we (should) start early.　His suggestion was that we (should) start early.　(2) 不同点　① advise 后可以跟人称代词作宾语，而 suggest 后不　可以跟人称代词作宾语。故可以说：　advise sb. to do sth.；advise sb. against (doing) sth.；　advise sb. on / about sth.；suggest (to sb.) that...　前三种结构中不可将 advise 改为 suggest。　他建议我们去参观博物馆。　[正] He advised uS to go to visit the museum.　[误] He suggested us to go to visit the museum.　[误]He suggested us that we go to visit the museum.　② suggest 还有“暗示、表明、说、指出 (一个事实)”的　意思。此时从句中用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。　The smile on hisface suggested that he was pleased.　他脸上的笑容表明他很满意。　Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that　the patient was seriously ill.　细心检查之后，医生指出病人病得很厉害。(句中　suggest 陈述了一个事实，故用陈述语气。) 比较：　Having examined earefully, the doctor suggested that　the patient be operated on at once. (句中suggest表示　建议该做某事，从句中用should加动词原形，should　在从句中省略。)5. manage, try　manage (to do) sth. 意为“克服困难，经过努力后设　法完成或做到某事”，含有成功之意。　He managed to organize a live concert. = He succeeded　in organizing a live concert.　他终于组织了一场现场演唱会。　try to do sth. 意为“试图做，尽力做某事”，强调动作，　是否成功，并不肯定。　He tried to work it out, but he failed.　他尽力去解决，但没结果。　try (doing) sth. 尝试(做)某事，强调方式。　　☆句型诠释☆1. I'm so sorry.　【辨析】(I'm) sorry. 和 Excuse me. 和 (I beg your)　pardon.　1)当做错了事或说错了话之后表示歉意时，常用　(I'm) sorry.　Oh, sorry, I have kept you waiting so long.　对不起，让你久等了。　I'm sorry, but I can't go to the office today.　对不起，我今天不能去上班。　[注意] 有时没有理解或听清对方的话时，也可说　I'm sorry. 或 Sorry.　Sorry, I didn't quite catch you just now.　对不起，我刚才没听到你说的话。　2) 当要说的话、做的事可能引起对方不便或可能打　扰对方时，或者要引起对方注意时，事先常说Excuse　me.　Excuse me, is this watch yours?　请问，这是你的手表吗?　Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station?　Excuse me, just a moment.　3) 比较正式的场合常用I beg your pardon. 也可以说　Beg your pardon. 或 Pardon. 它可以用在下面几种场　合：做了错事道歉时；谈话中提出异议以前；没听清　对方的话，希望对方重复一遍时。　I beg your pardon, he was not there.　Pardon, could you say it again?2. I will do everything I can to help you.　我会竭尽全力帮助你。　do everything / all / what one can to do sth. else = do as　much as one can to do sth. = spare no pains to do sth.　在do everything / all one can to do sth. else 结构中，　everything，all后省略了关联词that，can后省略了　do，这儿的不定式to do表示目的。　　He will do everything / all / what he can to catch up with　　his classmates.　　他竭尽全力赶上他的同学。　　We should do　as　much as　we　can to make　our　　hometown more and more beautiful.我们要竭尽全力把我们的家乡建设得越来越美丽。【句型归纳】【考点1】Located in southern Austria, Kitzbuhel is a par—adise for skiers. 坐落在奥地利南部的Kitzbuhei是一个滑雪者的乐园。本句中，要注意非谓语动词作状语的用法。非渭语动词作状语时，修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。在使用时，要根据它跟句子主语的逻辑关系确定其形式为现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式。例如：Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beau—tiful. 从山顶上看，公园更漂亮。(动词see和句子的主语we是动宾关系，故用过去分词Seen)Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see a more beau—tiful park. 从山顶上看，公园更漂亮。(动词see和句子的主语the park是主谓关系，故用现在分词Seeing)【考例1】(2022上海)Having been attacked by terror—ists, ____.　　A. doctors came to their rescue　　B. the tall building collapsed　　C. an emergency measure was taken　　D. warnings were given to tourists[考查目标] 本题考查考生对非谓语动词的运用能力。[答案与解析]B　非谓语动词作状语时，跟句子的主语构成逻辑关系。Having been attacked by terrorists为分词作原因状语，通过对本句的分析不难看出只有thetall building才是attack的对象。【考点2】By comparing prices and offers．you can alsomake your travel budget last longer. 通过比较价格和条件．你也可以使你的预算更节省。本句中，by相当于by means of，意为“用；由”，表示方法、原因、手段，与动词-ing形式连用。例如：You must learn spoken English by speaking a lot. 要想提高英语口语水平，你得多说。Learning by doing is a good way to learn a skill. 学会技巧的良好方法就是在做中学。【考例2】(2022京、皖春招) One learns a language bymaking mistakes and ____ them.　　A. correct　　B. correcting　　C. corrects　　D. to correct[考查目标] 本题考查考生对非谓语动词的运用能力。[答案与解析]B　介词后应接名词或动名词作宾语，并要求在结构上一致。此题中，by后有两个动名词短语作宾语。【考点3】Ever since the Civil War。the South has strug-gled to find ways t0 deal with its troubled past. 自美国内战以来。美国南部就一直争取找到处理动乱的过去的方式。ever since “从那时起一直到现在；此后一直”，既可以单独使用．也可跟句子或名词。例如：He went to Paris in 1 960 and has lived there ever since.1960年他去了巴黎，此后一直住在那里。I have been working as a teacher ever since my gradua—tion. 从毕业时起，我一直在当教师。【考例3】(2022上海) The first use of atomic weaponswas in 1945,and their power ____ increased enor—mously ever since.　　A. is　　B. was　　C. has been　　D. had been[考查目标] 本题考查考生对动词时态的辨析和运用能力[答案与解析]C　本题的关键在于抓住信息词eversince(自此以后，用于现在完成时态)。【考点4】Bison were killed for their meat, while their furprovided warm clothing during coId winters. 野牛被杀了吃肉。同时皮毛被制成御寒的冬衣owhile 为并列连词，连接并列句，意为“而，却”，表示句子前后意义上的对比。【考例4】(NMET 1995) She thought I was talkingabout her daughter, ____ in fact, I was talking about my ddughter.　　A. whom　　B. where　　C. which　 D. while[考查目标] 本题考查连词的区别。[答案与解析]D　选项A中的whom指人；选项B中的where指地方；选项 C 中的which指哪一个；只有选项D中的while表示转折．符合句子的语境：“她认为我在说她的女儿，而实际上。我是在说我自己的女儿。”[牛刀小试3]1. Finding her car stolen, ____. (2022 上海)　　　A. a policeman was asked to help　　　B. the area was searched thoroughly　　　C. it was looked for everywhere　　　D. she hurried to a policeman for help2. The computer center, ____ last year, is very　 popular among the students in this school.　　　A. open　　　　　　　　　B. opening　　　C. having opened　　　　D. opened3. The problem of ____ become a serious one.　　(NMET 2022)　　　A. dealing with waste plastics have　　　B. deal with waste plastics have　　　C. dealing with waste plastics h