IPA-Internatinal Phnetic Alphabet分类：英语中共有48个音标，元音20个，辅音28个。/i:/, /ɪ/, /e/, /æ//ɜ:/, /ǝ/, /ʌ//u:/, /ʊ/, /ɔ:/, /ɒ/, /ɑ://eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ǝʊ/, /aʊ/, /ɪǝ/, /eǝ/, /ʊǝ// p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g//f/, /v/, /∫/, /3 /, /θ /,/δ /, /s/, /z/, /h/, /r/ , /tʃ/, /d3/, /tr/, /dr/ ,/ts/, /dz//m/, /n/, /ŋ/元音和辅音的定义：发音时声带振 动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。Vwels（元音） -pure vwels（单元音）前元音： /i:/, /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/例词： he sea tree field短语： green leaves deep sea clean street eat the meat 例句： A: Wuld yu like cffee r tea? B: Tea, please. A: OK. I have tea, t.例词： pin ship hill chicks短语： a big ship fifty pictures Miss Smith interesting films例句： A: Is Lily in? B: Lily is ill in bed. C: Oh, I’m srry.例词： pen head leg well短语： ten pence very well expensive cigarettes went t America例句： A: Hw did yu spend yur hliday? B: I went t Beijing. A: Was it expensive? B: Yes ,very.例词： apple lantern hand parachute短语： black cat mad man traveling bag matter-f –fact例句： A: Ann is traveling t Japan. B: Hw happy she is ! A: She is very happy.Vwels（元音） -pure vwels（单元音）中元音： /ɜ:/, /ǝ/, /ʌ/例词： girl bird wrk turn短语： early bird superb wrk thirsty persn perfect search例句： A: He always arrives wrk early. B: But he wasn’t early this mrning. A: Yu weren’t early either.例词： teacher picture breakfast welcme短语： a glass f water a quarter t seven brthers and sisters a bk abut China例句： A: lk at the clck！ B: what’s the time? A: it’s a quarter t seven例词： cup run jump fld短语： hurry up! trust us! rubbish dump mustn’t wrry例句： A: It’s sunny tday. B: Yes, isn’t it. A: My uncle will g t Lndn next Mnday. B: Hw lucky he is!后元音： /u:/, /ʊ/, /ɔ:/, /ɒ/, /ɑ:/例词： z wh fd blue短语： a tth fr a tth Sue and Lucy fruit juice tw shes例句： A: Lk at my new shes? B: Oh, they are beautiful. A: Yur bts are beautiful, t.例词： ft wd bk push短语： gd ck gd bk culdn’t lk pudding withut sugar例句： A: Where did yu put the bk? B: Which bk? A: The bk yu bught yesterday.例词： frk ball mrning airprt短语： fur balls scre bard mrning glry sprts reprter例句： A: I see tw children n the blackbard. B: He is shrt. A: She is shrter.例词： cck shp jb hspital短语： ht cffee lng jb n the bx drp the pt例句： A: I have a bad cugh. B: Yu must see a dctr. A: Yes, I must g t the hspital.例词： car garden star guitar短语： fast car half mast heart transplant stars and bars例句： A: Yu lk very smart tday. B: Thank yu. C: What a marvelus dancer yu are. Let me take a phtgraph f yu. Vwels（元音） -diphthngs（双元音）/eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /ǝʊ/, /aʊ/, /ɪǝ/, /eǝ/, /ʊǝ/ 例词： face rain cake wait短语： eight cakes waste paper railway statin wait fr the mail例句：A: It’s my birthday tday.B: Happy birthdayA: Thank yu. Cme t my birthday party. And dn’t be late.例词： sky kite write bicycle短语: white lie high tide eye fr eye silent night例句：A: It’s a fine day tday. The sun is shining brightly.B: Yes, I feel ht. I like an ice-cream nw.A: Yes, I d, t.例词： by bil nise cin短语： a spilt by a nisy ty an annying vice Jyce's byfriend例句： A: Lk at my ty gun. B: Oh, what a gd ty! A: Shall we jin ur friends in the garden? B: Yes, let’s g.例词：　　　cast 　thrw 　bat 　te短语：　　　 Je’s cat g t the windw 　lad and unlad 　thrw a snwball例句： A: Lk! He has a bat. B: Is he ging t rw? A: I think s.例词： cw huse muth trusers短语： shut ut brwn muse dwn twn rund lunge例句： A: Is she milking the cw? B: Yes, she is. A: Is the cw in he huse? B: N. She is n the dairy farm.例词： ear queer zer beard短语： the atmsphere here queer skier weary muntaineer experienced engineer例句： A: Let’s have sme beer here. B: What a gd idea! A: What shall we d after having beer? B: We shall g t the theatre.例词： hair bare pear chair短语：millinaire’s heir mayr’s parentssquare chairs careful librarian例句：A: Where is my pen?B: It’s ver there n the chair.A: Thank yu. It’s really there.例词： tur pr jury gurd短语： pr turists tur frm China furius jury Eurpean gurd例句：A: I received a letter frm my uncle. He’s sick with influenza.B: I’m srry. Is he still in Eurpe.A: Yes. He’s still wrking in Lndn.B: He must speak fluent English.Cnsnants（辅音） -plsives（爆破音）/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/ 例词： pig pt pnd plan短语： pick up a pepper pt a piece f prk a pen and a pencil例句： A: D yu cllect stamps? B: Yes, I d. A: Will yu shw me yur stamp album? B: Yes, they are upstairs. Let me g and fetch them.例词： bus bed bench brush短语： Big Ben a big bttle beautiful bluses blue butterflies例句： A: Is this yur handbag? B: N, it isn’t my handbag is nt brwn. A: What clr is yu handbag? B: It’s black.例词： tie taxi tap telephne短语： tit fr tat tip f the tngue flat ft tale-teller例句：A: I’m hungry. I want smething t eat.B: What abut sme steak? Let’s g t the restaurant!A: Yes, let’s g.例词： dr dctr head wind短语： darling daughter dark red played cards listened t the radi例句：A: What did yu d last night？B: I studied last night.A: Did yu study all night?B: N, I didn’t. I listened t the radi fr sme time.例词： car duck clck park短语： the back f the car ask questin a quarter t six cl as cucumber例句：A: I like chclate cakes.B: Yu d? D yu ften have chclate cakes?A: Yes, I d.B: If yu want t keep fit, dn’t eat t many chclate cakes.例词： bag dg gat grape短语： gd girl g t the grcer’s as gd as gld get angry例句：A: Can yu play the guitar?B: Yes, I played my guitar in the garden and sng again and again with my friends last night.A: Yu must have had a gd time last night.Cnsnants（辅音） -fricatives（摩擦音）/f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/, /ʧ/, /ʤ/, /r/例词： laugh fat fish family短语： fresh fruit fast fd sft sfa feel fine例句： A: Lk at Freda! She is fashinable. B: Her hat is funny. A: Lk at her fur cat. It’s fabulus.例词: vet village vlcan televisin短语： lvely view village vet leaving arriving leaves f the vine例句： A: Wh’s driving the van? B: I think victr is. A: Wh is victr? B: He is my new neighbr, he has lived here fr nly a few mnths.例词： tth mnth thin thirsty短语： three thusand Martha's birthday healthy authr thirty mathematicians例句： A: My father is a mathematician. B: N wnder yu are gd at mathematics. A: T tell yu the truth, my father never teaches me math.例词： father breathe that feather短语： smth leather get tgether better than thers anther brther例句： A: Lily is taller than Mary. B: But Mary is slimmer than Lily. A: Lk at them. They’re ding physical exercise tgether.例词： sun small hrse bicycle短语： sleep sundly expensive cigarettes sme bks sit in the sun例句： A: These are cups. B: Thse are saucers. A: They’re nice cups and saucers.例词： z prize bees nse短语： jazz music clse the windws these days zer animal例句： A: Let’s g t the z. B: Gd. I like lking at the zebras. C: I like the mnkeys there. Let’s g.例词： fish sugar she shp短语： fashin shps friendship assciatin British shes washing machine例句： A: This shp sells washing-machines. B: D they sell air-cnditiners, t. A: Sure.例词： garage pleasure measure cllisin短语： an unusual cllisin measure a garage a great decisin my pleasure例句： A: Lily likes clthes fr casual wear. B: Clthes fr casual wear are cmfrtable, A: I like t wear them in my leisure time. 例词： hat hard hen high 短语： heart and hand high heels head-t-head happy hneymn 例句： A: There was a car accident here last Sunday. B: Oh, it’s hrrible! A: Were yu here when the accident happened? B: N, I nly heard abut it.例词： cheek chicken church watch短语： Chinese chess which butcher chicken and chips change much例句： A: Where are the tw children? B: They’re having lunch. A: Here are sme cherries fr them. B: Thank yu very much.例词： jeep jug range bridge 短语： a large jeep injured passengers adjust the engine range juice 例句： A: I have an range. B: Oh, yur range is large. Lk! I’ve gt a large sandwich. A: Yes, it is a very large ne.例词： rse lrry rubber rcket短语： American waitress a married secretary grwn up children French restaurant例句： A: Rse wrks as a secretary at the railway statin. B: She des? She is a very pretty girl. A: Yes, very.Cnsnants（辅音） -nasals（鼻音）/m/, /n/, /ŋ/ 例词： mn hme medicine muntain短语： man-made make a mistake cme tmrrw middle name例句：A: Mum has cme back hme.B: Marvelus.A: Mm says we’ll g and see a mvie tnight.B: Yes, we certainly will.例词： neck tin night nise短语： neat brandy a negative answer telephne number harden the neck例词：A: What a nice pstcard f the Grand Canyn!B: They are wnderful.A: Wh sent it t yu?B: A friend f mine.例词： ink ring sing mnkey短语： ring-ding rising diphthng strng string playing ping-pang例句：A: D yu like drinking tea?B: Yes, I d.A: We are advised t drink mre tea than cffee.B: Tea is gd fr health.Cnsnants（辅音） -lateral（舌侧音）例词： black light jelly lemn短语： early fr lunch leg f lamb a glass f lemnade yellw jelly例句： A: Mum, is lunch ready? I’m hungry. B: OK, lunch is ready. A: What’s fr lunch, Mum? B: We’ll have lamb and ptat salad.Cnsnants（辅音） -semi-vwels（半元音）例词： yellw yacht ylk year短语： ylk yellw new year’s day new Yrk university a tugh nin例句：A: My brther was a music student.B: What des he d nw?A: He is nw in Eurpe wrking as a business man.例词： week whale win windw 短语： weight watcher weave a web weeping willw wet wind例句： A: Dn’t lk ut f the windw. B: Oh, I’m srry, I’m thinking f my dg. Tday is a wet day. A: D yu think yur dg will be lst in the wds n a wet day?/ts/, /dz/, /tr/, /dr/ students cats cats batsheads reads beds handstree truck train trace dress drink drain dream

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