句法入门(2):宾补结构

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句法入门(2):宾补结构

2024-04-12 08:45| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

所以说:所有“宾补”的例子,都可以用上述方法,变成主语和补语。这就是检验SVOC句型最简单的方法——把宾语和宾补拿出来单独看,能否构成“主语+be动词+补语”,只要能成为一个SVC结构(主语+系动词+补语),这个句子就是成立的。

宾补的词性?

因为“主谓补(SVC)”中,补语大多是名词或形容词,所以,宾补的词性大多数也是名词或形容词。当然,参照主语补语的形式——

补语Complement 形式 举例(常见词、例句)   名词词组   It was a mysteryhow they survived.   一般形容词   She was angrywhen she heard that.   表语形容词   ill/well/able/worth/present/alike/asleep/alone…   介词词组   The building is on fire. I was at work.   非谓语动词形式   Be to do(计划);be doing(正在);be done(被)   表语从句   My dream is that someday I would work in a botanical garden.

表中前五种,也就是宾补的形式。例如:我们可以说John Smith is a soldier.我们可以扩展这个句子:

The military academy made John Smith a soldier. (军校训练约翰·史密斯成为一名军人。)

这个句中,John Smith由主语变宾语;而a soldier则由主语补语变成宾语补语。词性没有变化。

同样,John Smith is courageous.(约翰·史密斯【是】很勇敢)变成:

I consider John Smith courageous.

John Smith由主语变成宾语,而原来的主语补语courageous,则由“主语补语”变成“宾语补语”。词性没有任何变化。

而且我们基本可以得出结论:SVOC=SV+ that从句(即SVC)

例如:

He finds other people playingbasketball.

= He finds (that) other people are playing basketball.

他发现其他人都(是)正在打篮球。

I suggest you buyingsome Chinese silk products as souvenirs.

= I suggest (that) you should buysome Chinese silk products as souvenirs.

我建议你(应该)买些中国丝绸作为旅游纪念品。

The boss asked the workers to workall day around.

The boss asked (that)the workers should workall day around.

老板让工人们(应该)整天工作。

跟宾补的动词有哪些?

这张图总结了宾语的所有形式。其中,复合宾语=宾语+宾补,是诸多宾语形式的一种。

正如前文所说,五种基本句型,关键区别在于动词的特性。能够适用于SVOC这种句型的动词,也是有限的。能够接复合宾语的动词,词义大半和“判断”、“使役”有关:

(鉴于每类动词都有很多、且有重复,下面每个情况,均只列举四个)

1.SVOC(形容词):make keep find feel

2.SVOC(名词): make call find feel

3.SVOC(-ing): see keep find feel

4.SVOC(-ed): make keep find feel

5.SVOC(to do): ask promise tell enable

6.SVOC(do): make let have help

练一练:识别和分析句子结构

例句 谓语动词 宾语 宾补   The class elected him monitor.   People all think it a pity that she didn't come here.   A comforting word will make them happy.   We found nobody in the car.   Please make yourself at home.   Don't let him do that.   His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.   Don't keep the lights burning.   I'll have my bike repaired.

(完成后检查答案——往下拉……)

例句 谓语动词 宾语 宾补   The class elected him monitor.   elected   him   monitor   People all think it a pity that she didn't come here.   think   it   a pity   A comforting word will make them happy.   make   them   happy   We found nobody in the car.   found   nobody   in the car   Please make yourself at home.   make   yourself   at home   Don't let him do that.   let   him   do   His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.   advised   him   to teach   Don't keep the lights burning.   keep   the lights   burning   I'll have my bike repaired.   have   my bike   repaired 返回搜狐,查看更多


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