每天使用词根记单词:第72个词根eco/ecu(经济学50个常用词汇)

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每天使用词根记单词:第72个词根eco/ecu(经济学50个常用词汇)

2023-03-30 12:18| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

导读测试一下: 请使用昨日已学的单词完成如下语句翻译?欢迎友友评论区写出你的答案。明天我在评论区公布我的答案。amiable提示:decent:正派amenity我妹妹的美味佳肴总是让她深爱的丈夫迷恋不已。常用词汇:economy : n.经济...

昨日词根am/amor/amat 回顾

测试一下: 请使用昨日已学的单词完成如下语句翻译?欢迎友友评论区写出你的答案。明天我在评论区公布我的答案。

amiable

新的首席执行官是一位受过良好教育、亲切、正派的人。

提示:decent:正派

amenity

他很快察觉到新环境的宜人之处。

enamor

我妹妹的美味佳肴总是让她深爱的丈夫迷恋不已。

今日词根学习第72个词根:-eco- = -ecu- = 经济,生态每天使用词根记单词:第72个词根eco/ecu

常用词汇:

economy : n.经济;节省

economy = eco(经济)+nomy(名词后缀)

形容词形式: economic: 经济的; economy(经济)+ic(形容词后缀)

动词形式: economize: 节约;有效利用; economy(经济)+ize(动词后缀)

扩展名词形式: economist: 经济学家;economy(经济)+ist(名词后缀)

扩展名词形式: economism: 经济主义;economy(经济)+ism(名词后缀)

ecosystem: n.生态系统

ecosystem= eco(生态)+system(系统)

拓展名词形式: ecosphere: n.生态圈; eco(生态)+sphere(范围)

拓展名词形式: ecoregion n.生态区; eco(生态)+region(区域)

拓展名词形式: eco-label n.生态标签;eco(生态)+label(标签)

ecology: n.生态学

ecology = eco(生态)+logy(名词后缀,表...学)

形容词形式:ecologic = ecology(生态学)+ic(形容词后缀):生态的

扩展名词形式:ecologist = ecology(生态学)+ist(名词后缀):生态学者

有关词根的更多扩展,请参考以上思维导,欲了解其他词根信息,请参看往期内容。

每天使用词根记单词:第72个词根eco/ecu

《经济学人》双语:敏感词汇如何替换?

原文标题:Johnson By any other nameWhen stigma is the problem, using different words for things may not always help约翰逊专栏其他名称用不同的词来代替贬义词有时也不起作用

New terms can take on the pejorative undertones of the ones they replace新词取代原词后依然带有贬义

[Paragraph 1]THE ASSOCIATED PRESS (AP) style book’s Twitter feed is not often a source of hilarity. 美联社的推特简讯通常不走搞笑路线。

But the wire service recently tweeted: “We recommend avoiding general and often dehumanising ‘the’ labels such as the poor, the mentally ill, the French, the disabled, the college-educated.” 但它最近在推特上发文:“我们建议避免给人贴上普遍性的、没人性的标签,如穷人、脑残、法国佬、残疾人、受过大学教育的人。”

After the tweet went viral, the AP deleted it and apologised for dehumanising “the French”. 随后这条推特被疯传,美联社将其删除,并为“法国佬”一词道歉。

《经济学人》双语:敏感词汇如何替换?

[Paragraph 2]Despite the mockery, the AP advice has solid reasoning behind it: that of “people-centred” language. 尽管有人嘲笑,美联社的建议言之有理:体现语言要“以人为本”。

English (like many other languages) allows the use of an adjective as a noun: the good, the bad, the ugly. 英语(和许多其他语言一样)允许用形容词作为名词:好人、坏人、丑人。

But in contrast to some other languages, it is increasingly considered essentialising to refer to “the poor” or “the disabled”, as though they are nothing else. This especially lies to characteristics that might be considered unfortunate. 但与某些语言相比,越来越多的人认为提到“穷人”或“残疾人”是必不可少的,就是客观的词。这尤其适用于描述那些不幸人的特征。

The AP did not apologise to “the college-educated” as it did to the French, but it did not need to; nobody really minds being lumped in either group. 美联社没有为“受过大学教育的人”一词道歉,但它也不必为“法国佬”一词道歉;没有人会真正介意。

The issue is essentialising combined with stigma.这是一个兼具本质属性和污名化贬义的问题。

[Paragraph 3]Some people are also troubled by bare group nouns such as “blacks”, “gays” and “Jews”, though these too seem to be on the decline. 尽管“黑人”、“同性恋”和“犹太人”等这些简单群体名词的使用频率在下降,但一些人还是受其困扰。

Fortunately, it is not hard to add another word without clunking up your prose—either “people” or, even better, something descriptive as in “black veterans”, “gay activists” or “Jewish voters”. 幸运的是,再加一个词不会使你的文章生涩难懂--要么加一个词“人”,或者加一个更好的词,如“黑人老兵”、“同性恋活动人士”、“犹太选民”。

These make these phrases a bit more three-dimensional, like the people they point to.这个方法使这些词更立体,就像他们所特指的人一样。

[Paragraph 4]These are far from the only ideas flowing into journalists’ inboxes today. 如今们有更多的替代方法。

Suggestions abound: replace “slaves” with “enslaved people”; “minorities” with “minoritised people” or “racialised people”; “addicts” with “drug users” or “people with a substance-abuse problem”; “obese people” with “people with obesity”; “convicts” or “inmates” with “those who are incarcerated”. And so on.例子数不胜数:用“被奴役的人”代替“奴隶”;用“少数民族人民”或“种族人民”代替“少数派”;用“吸毒者”或“药物滥用者”代替“瘾君子”;用“肥胖者”代替“肥子”;用“被监禁者”代替“罪犯”或“囚犯”等等。

[Paragraph 5]In each instance, the target is a term that is, or can be seen as, pejorative. The alternative is meant to be less so. 每个例子都带有贬义,或者可能被视为贬义词。找个替代词也没那么容易。

But those who encourage these lexical replacements face several problems.但是鼓励词汇替换会面临着几个问题。

[Paragraph 6]One is that though a case can be made for each individual change, adopting every one will quickly make a piece of writing lumbering, since every new option is longer than the one it is supposed to replace. 问题之一是,尽管人们可以改单个词,但每个词都改会使写作变得很慢,因为想一个新词要比使用原词的时间长。

It will also make prose seem more unnatural, since the entire point is to replace words in common use with phrases that are not. 用不常用的词代替常用词,这也会让文章不自然。Good journalism is ideally conversational and accessible, calling for a brisk and compelling style.好的新闻写法是口语化的、通俗易懂的、干净利索的、扣人心弦的。

[Paragraph 7]Changing the world is hard; changing the language is a lot easier, which is why linguistic engineering can tempt people who may feel they have no other tools at hand apart from their keyboards. 改变世界很难;改变语言要容易得多,这就是为什么“语言工程”可以吸引“键盘侠”(指那些除了键盘之外,不用其他工具就能改变世界的人)的原因。

But it does not seem to work out as hoped. Replacing a stigmatised word often merely results in the stigma attaching to the new word. 但效果不及预期。替换一个贬义词通常也会使新词含有贬义。

“Retarded” was once a polite way of saying “feeble-minded”; it was in long-standing clinical use before becoming a playground insult and, ultimately, deeply offensive. “反应迟钝”曾经是“弱智”的一种礼貌说法;它曾长期用于临床医学,后来带有侮辱的意味,最终变成一种深深的冒犯。

“Special needs” came next, but now “special” is a mean-spirited taunt too. 另一个例子是“特殊需求”,但现在的“特殊”也变成一个嘲讽“心胸狭窄”的词。

[Paragraph 8]In the same vein “handiced” was a kinder replacement for “crippled”, and “homeless” for “vagrant”. Now “handiced” is out and “disabled” is in (or, better yet, “person with a disability”). “Unhoused” is gaining ground over “homeless”. 同样,“残疾人”是“瘸子”的替代词,“无家可归者”是“乞丐”的替代词。现在,“残疾人”也被“残障人士”替代了(或者,更好的说法是“残疾人士”)。“无家可归者”也正在被“无房者”替代。

This “euphemism treadmill” has been observed since at least the 1970s. Nevertheless, people still hope to remake the world through language. 语言学家至少在20世纪70年代就观察到了“委婉语轮转”现象。尽管如此,人们仍然希望通过用语言来重塑世界。

[Paragraph 9]Some groups have taken another tack, and reclaimed older terms.一些小组采取了另一种策略,重新启用旧术语。

“African-American” had a 30-year heyday, but now “black” is back, and even given a capital B by many. “非裔美国人”一词用了30年,但现在“黑人”一词又回来了,许多人甚至在写“黑人Black”时,大写了字母B。

Though “hearing-impaired” is still in medical parlance, many “Deaf” people proudly refer to themselves as such, also with a capital D. 尽管“听障”仍然是医学术语,但许多“聋子”都自豪地称自己为“聋子Deaf”,并且大写了字母D。

Other activists have decided there is nothing wrong with being “fat”, and have wholeheartedly embraced the term. 其他活动人士认为“胖”没有什么问题,于是全身心地接受这个词。

As with reclaiming slurs, the idea seems to be that showing pride is likely to be more effective than swing words.重新启用贬义词与这种心理一致,即表达自豪感可能比换词更有效。

[Paragraph 10]As for writers, good work should humanise whatever it is about, which is why stories often begin with a named person before going into causation and abstraction. 对于作家来说,好的作品应该是人性化的,这就是为什么在进入因果关系和抽象概念之前,故事都是从有名有姓的人开始写起。

If such writing is sharply as well as humanely done, it will be compelling to readers, and may even be of benefit to its subjects. 如果这样的作品一针见血又很人性化,它将会吸引读者,甚至可能对深化主题有帮助。

To that end, the language of everyday conversation is likely to be at least as useful as the latest terminology recommended by activists. 为达到这个目的,常用词至少与活动人士推荐的最新词一样有用。

People-centred writing is indeed a good thing—but there is more than one way of putting people at its heart. “以人为本”的写作方式确实是一件好事,但”以人为本“的方法不止一种。

(恭喜读完,本篇英语词汇量759左右)原文出自:2023年2月18日《The Economist》Culture版块。

精读笔记于:自由英语之路

本文翻译整理: Irene

本文: Irene仅供个人英语学习交流使用。特别说明:精读外刊,提高英语,有偿学习,单日4元,可按日、周、月、季、年付。

【补充资料】(来自于网络)美国联合通讯社(简称美联社,英文:The Associated Press,缩写AP)是美国最大的通讯社,1846年在芝加哥成立,1893年成为联营公司,1990年将总部迁到纽约。合作伙伴有1700多家报纸,5000多家电视和广播电台;全球有243家新闻分社,在120个国家设有办事处。合众国际社是美国第二大通讯社,1958年由前合众社和国际新闻社合并组成,总部设在佛罗里达州。国外有80多个分社,拥有一个世界范围的片网。

“委婉语轮转”(Euphemism Treadmill),是社会语言学上专门的术语,指的是人们会倾向于用一种字面上相对委婉、没有那么直接的形式来表示一个贬义的词义,然而字面上的修饰并不能真正代表词义上发生改变,很多时候就是一种掩饰罢了,该贬义的还是贬义。只是很多时候这会带来一种心理安慰,觉得既然形式上没有那么直接,那也就但说无妨了。

例如,如果你年纪够大,你可能会注意到某些指代被情绪化的主体(如少数族裔、残障人士等)的词汇曾经只是普普通通的词,甚至被认为是科学或礼貌的,现在却成为了侮辱中伤的用法,并不得不被新的委婉语取代。因为人们对少数族裔和残障人士的负面态度也会被附加在新的委婉语上,每个新词和旧词的命运如出一辙,委婉语的变迁就和车轮一样不停转动。新词并不能改变人们的态度,即使我们每隔一两代人就替换一轮词汇,态度总是不变的。

【重点句子】(3 个)These make these phrases a bit more three-dimensional, like the people they point to.这个方法使这些词更立体,就像他们所特指的人一样。

Good journalism is ideally conversational and accessible, calling for a brisk and compelling style.好的新闻写法是口语化的、通俗易懂的、干净利索的、扣人心弦的。

This “euphemism treadmill” has been observed since at least the 1970s. Nevertheless, people still hope to remake the world through language. 语言学家至少在20世纪70年代就观察到了“委婉语轮转”现象。尽管如此,人们仍然希望通过语言来重塑世界。

《经济学人》双语:敏感词汇如何替换?

自由英语之路

把这200个工厂管理词汇背下来吧01. 质量必背——职业篇1. PDCA:Plan、Do、Check、Action 策划、实施、检查、处置2. PPAP:Production PartApproval Process生产件批准程序3. APQP:Advanced ProductQuality Planning产品质量先期策划4. FMEA:Potential FailureMode and Effects Analysis 潜在失效模式及后果分析5. SPC:Statistical ProcessControl统计过程控制6. MSA:Measurement SystemAnalysis 测量系统控制7. CP:Control Plan 控制计划

8. QSA:Quality SystemAssessment 质量体系评定

9. PPM:Parts Per Million 每百万零件不合格数

10. QM:Quality Manua质量手册

11. QP:Quality Procedure质量程序文件/Quality Planning质量策划/Quality Plan 质量计划

12. CMK:机器能力指数

13. CPK:过程能力指数

14. CAD:Computer-Aided Design 计算机辅助能力设计

15. OEE:Overall Equipment Effectiveness 设备总效率

16. QFD:Quality Function Deployment质量功能展开

17. FIFO:First in, First out先进先出

18. COPS:Customer Oriented Processes顾客导向过程

19. TCQ:Time、Cost、Quality时间、成本、质量

20. MPS:Management Processes管理性过程

21. SPS:Support Processes支持性过程

22. TQM:Total Quality Management全面质量管理

23. PQA:Product QualityAssurance产品质量保证(免检)

24. QP-QC-QI:质量三步曲,质量计划-质量控制-质量改进

25. QAF:Quality Assurance File质量保证文件

26. QAP:Quality Assurance Plan质量保证计划

27. PFC:Process Flow Chart过程流程

28. QMS:Quality Management Systems质量管理体系

29. JIT:Just In Time准时(交货)

30. ERP:Enterprise Requirement Planning企业需求计划

31. QC:Quality Control 质量控制

32. QA:Quality Audit 质量审核/Qality Assurance 质量保证

33. IQC:In Come Quality Control 进货质量控制

34. IPQC:In Process Quality Control 过程质量控制

35. FQC:Final Quality Control 成品质量控制

36. OQC:Out Quality Control 出货质量控制

37. 4M1E:Man、Machine、Material、Method、Environment人、机、料、法、环

38. 5W1H:Why、What、Who、When、Where、How 为何/做什么/谁做/时间/地点/如何做

39. 6S:Seiri、Seiton、Seiso、Seiketsu、Shitsuke、Safety 整理、整顿、清扫、清洁、素养、安全

40. TRI值:Total Record Injury(三种)可记录工伤值

41. SMART:精明原则,SpecificMeasurable Achievable Result Oriented Timed(具体的描述、可以测量的、可以通过努力实现的、有结果导向性的、有时间性的)

02. 质量必背——企业篇

1. 5S:5S管理

2. ABC:作业制成本制度(Activity-Based Costing)

3. ABB:实施作业制预算制度(Activity-Based Budgeting)

4. ABM:作业制成本管理(Activity-Base Management)

5. APS:先进规画与排程系统(Advanced Planning and Scheduling)

6. ASP:应用程序服务供货商(Application Service Provider)

7. ATP:可承诺量(Available To Promise)

8. AVL:认可的供货商清单(Approved Vendor List)

9. BOM:物料清单(Bill OfMaterial)

10. BPR:企业流程再造(Business Process Reengineering)

11. BSC:平衡记分卡(BalancedScoreCard)

12. BTF:计划生产(Build ToForecast)

13. BTO:订单生产(Build To Order)

14. CPM:要径法(Critical PathMethod)

15. CPM:每一百万个使用者会有几次抱怨(Complaintper Million)

16. CRM:客户关系管理(Customer Relationship Management)

17. CRP:产能需求规划(Capacity Requirements Planning)

18. CTO:客制化生产(ConfigurationTo Order)

19. DBR:限制驱导式排程法(Drum-Buffer-Rope)

20. DMT:成熟度验证(Design Maturing Testing)

21. DVT:设计验证(Design Verification Testing)

22. DRP:运销资源计划(DistributionResource Planning)

23. DSS:决策支持系统(Decision Support System)

24. EC:设计变更/工程变更(Engineer Change)

25. EC:电子商务(Electronic Commerce)

26. ECRN:原件规格更改通知(Engineer Change Request Notice)

27. EDI:电子数据交换(Electronic Data Interchange)

28. EIS:主管决策系统(Executive Information System)

29. EMC:电磁相容(ElectricMagnetic Capability)

30. EOQ:基本经济订购量(EconomicOrder Quantity)

31. ERP:企业资源规划(Enterprise Resource Planning)

32. FAE:应用工程师(Field Application Engineer)

33. FCST:预估(Forecast)

34. FMS:弹性制造系统(Flexible Manufacture System)

35. FQC:成品质量管理(Finish or Final Quality Control)

36. IPQC: 制程质量管理(In-Process Quality Control)

37. IQC:进料质量管理(Incoming Quality Control)

38. ISO:国际标准组织(International Organization for Standardization)

39. ISAR:首批样品认可(Initial Sample Approval Request)

40. JIT:实时管理(Just In Time)

41. KM:知识管理(Knowledge Management)

42. L4L:逐批订购法(Lot-for-Lot)

43. LTC:最小总成本法(Least Total Cost)

44. LUC:最小单位成本(Least Unit Cost)

45. MES:制造执行系统(Manufacturing Execution System)

46. MO:制令(Manufacture Order)

47. MPS:主生产排程(Master Production Schedule)

48. MRO:请修(购)单(Maintenance Repair Operation)

49. MRP:物料需求规划(Material Requirement Planning)

50. MRPII:制造资源计划(Manufacturing Resource Planning)

51. NFCF:更改预估量的通知(Notice forChanging Forecast)

52. OEM:委托代工(Original Equipment Manufacture)

53. ODM:委托设计与制造(Original Design & Manufacture)

54. OLAP:在线分析处理(On-Line Analytical Processing)

55. OLTP:在线交易处理(On-Line Transaction Processing)

56. OPT:最佳生产技术(Optimized Production Technology)

57. OQC:出货质量管理(Out-goingQuality Control)

58. PDCA:PDCA管理循环(Plan-Do-Check-Action)

59. PDM:产品数据管理系统(Product Data Management)

60. PERT:计划评核术(Program Evaluation and Review Technique)

61. PO:订单(Purchase Order)

62. POH:预估在手量(Product onHand)

63. PR:采购申请(Purchase Request)

64. QA:品质保证(Quality Assurance)

65. QC:质量管理(Quality Control)

66. QCC:品管圈(Quality ControlCircle)

67. QE:品质工程(Quality Engineering)

68. RCCP:粗略产能规划(Rough CutCapacity Planning)

69. RMA:退货验收(Returned Material Approval)

70. ROP:再订购点(Re-Order Point)

71. SCM:供应链管理(Supply ChainManagement)

72. SFC:现场控制(Shop Floor Control)

73. SIS:策略信息系统(Strategic Information System)

74. SO:订单(Sales Order)

75. SOR:特殊订单需求(Special OrderRequest)

76. SPC:统计制程管制(Statistic Process Control)

77. TOC:限制理论(Theory of Constraints)

78. TPM:全面生产管理(Total Production Management)

79. TQC:全面质量管理(Total Quality Control)

80. TQM:全面品质管理(Total Quality Management)

81. WIP:在制品(Work In Process)

03. 质量必背——部门篇

QS:Quality system 品质系统

CS:Coutomer Sevice 客户服务

QC:Quality control 品质管理

IQC:Incoming quality control 进料检验

LQC:Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制

IPQC:In process quality control 制程检验

FQC:Final quality control 最终检验

OQC:Outgoing quality control 出货检验

QA:Quality assurance 品质保证

SQA:Source(supplier)Quality Assurance 供应商品质保证(VQA)

CQA:Customer Quality Assurance客户质量保证

PQA:Process Quality Assurance 制程品质保证

QE:Quality engineer 品质工程

CE:component engineering零件工程

EE:equipment engineering设备工程

ME:manufacturing engineering制造工程

TE:testing engineering测试工程

PPE:Product Engineer 产品工程

IE:Industrial engineer 工业工程

ADM:Administration Department行政部

RMA:客户退回维修

CSDI:检修

PC:Producing Control生管

MC:Mater Control物管

GAD:General Affairs Dept总务部

A/D:Accountant /Finance Dept会计

LAB:Laboratory实验室

DOE:实验设计

HR:人资

PMC:企划

RD:研发

W/H:仓库

SI:客验

PD:Product Department生产部

PA:采购(PUR: Purchaing Dept)

SMT:Surface mount technology 表面粘着技术

MFG:Manufacturing 制造

MIS:Management information system 资迅管理系统

DCC:document control center 文件管制中心

04. 质量必背——场内作业

QT:Quality target品质目标

QP:Quality policy目标方针

QI:Quality improvement品质改善

CRITICAL DEFECT:严重缺点(CR)

MAJOR DEFECT:主要缺点(MA)

MINOR DEFECT:次要缺点(MI)

MAX:Maximum最大值

MIN:Minimum最小值

DIA iameter直径

DIM imension尺寸

LCL:Lower control limit管制下限

UCL:Upper control limit管制上限

EMI:电磁干扰

ESD:静电防护

EPA:静电保护区域

ECN:工程变更

ECO:Engineering change order工程改动要求(客户)

ECR:工程变更需求单

CPI:Continuous Process Improvement 连续工序改善

Compatibility:兼容性

Marking:标记

DWG rawing面

Standardization:标准化

Consensus:一致

Code:代码

ZD:Zero defect零缺点

Tolerance:公差

Subject matter:主要事项

Auditor:审核员

BOM:Bill of material物料清单

Rework:重工

ID:identification识别,鉴别,证明

PILOT RUN:(试投产)

FAI:首件检查

FPIR:First Piece Inspection Report首件检查报告

FAA:首件确认

SPC:统计制程管制

CP:capability index(准确度)

CPK:capability index of process

PMP:制程管理计划(生产管制计划)

MPI:制程分析

DAS efects Analysis System 缺陷分析系统

PPB:十亿分之一

Flux:助焊剂

P/N:料号

L/N:Lot Number批号

Version:版本

Quantity:数量

Valid date:有效日期

MIL-STD:Military-Standard军用标准

ICT:In Circuit Test (线路测试)

ATE:Automatic Test Equipment自动测试设备

MO:Manafacture Order生产单

T/U:Touch Up (锡面修补)

I/N:手插件

P/T:初测

F/T:Function Test(功能测试-终测)

AS:组立

P/K:包装

TQM:Total quality control全面品质管理

MDA:manufacturing defect analysis制程不良分析(ICT)

RUN-IN:老化实验

HI-pot:高压测试

FMI:Frequency Modulation Inspect高频测试

DPPM:Defect Part Per Million

(不良率的一种表达方式:百万分之一)1000PPM即为0.1%

Corrective Action:(CAR改善对策)

ACC:允收

REJ:拒收

S/S:Sample size抽样检验样本大小

SI-SIV:Special I-Special IV特殊抽样水平等级

CON:Concession / Waive特采

ISO:国际标准化组织

ISA:Industry Standard Architecture工业标准体制结构

OBA:开箱稽核

FIFO:先进先出

PDCA:管理循环

Plan do check action:计划,执行,检查,总结

WIP:在制品(半成品)

S/O:Sales Order (业务订单)

P/O:Purchase Order (采购订单)

P/R:Purchase Request (请购单)

AQL:acceptable quality level允收品质水准

LQL:Limiting quality level最低品质水准

QVL:qualified vendor list合格供应商名册

AVL:认可的供货商清单(Approved Vendor List)

QCD:Quality cost delivery(品质,交期,成本)

MPM:Manufacturing project management制造专案管理

KPI:Key performance indicate重要绩效指标

MVT:Manufacturing Verification Test制造验证试产

Q/R/S:Quality/Reliability/Service质量/可靠度/服务

STL:ship to line(料到上线)

NTF:No trouble found误判

CIP:capacity improvement plan(产能改善计划)

MRB:material review board(物料审核小组)

MRB:Material reject bill退货单

JIT:just in time(即时管理)

5S:seiri seiton seiso seiketsu shitsuke(整理,整顿,清扫,清洁,修养)

SOP:standard operation process(标准作业程序)

SIP:Specification inspection process制程检验规格

TOP:Test Operation Process (测试作业流程)

WI:working instruction(作业指导书)

SMD:surface mounting device(表面粘着原件)

FAR:failure aualysis report故障分析报告

CAR:Corrective action report改善报告

BPR:企业流程再造(Business Process Reengineering)

ISAR:首批样品认可(Initial Sample Approval Request)

JIT:实时管理 (Just In Time)

QCC:品管圈 (Quality Control Circle)

ED:Engineering Department(工程部)

TQEM:Total Quality Environment Management(全面品质环境管理)

PD:Production Department(制造)

LOG:Logistics(后勤支持)

Shipping:(进出口)

AOQ:Average Output Quality平均出货质量

AOQL:Average Output Quality Level平均出货质量水平

FMEA:failure model effectiveness analysis失效模式分析

CRB:Change Review Board(工程变更会议)

CSA:Customer Simulate Analysis客户模拟分析

SQMS:Supplier Quality Management System供应商品质管理系统

QIT:Quality Improvement Team 品质改善小组

QIP:Quality Improvement Plan品质改善计划

CIP:Continual Improvement Plan持续改善计划

M.Q.F.S:Material Quality Feedback Sheet(来料品质回馈单)

SCAR:Supplier Corrective Action Report(供货商改善对策报告)

8D Sheet: 8 Disciplines sheet(8D单)

PDCA:PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) (管理循环)

MPQ:Material Packing Quantity (物料最小包装量)

DSCN:Delivery Schedule Change Notice (交期变更通知)

QAPS:Quality Assurance Process Sheet (品质工程表)

DRP:运销资源计划 (Distribution Resource Planning)

DSS:决策支持系统 (Decision Support System)

EC:电子商务 (Electronic Commerce)

EDI:电子资料交换 (Electronic Data Interchange)

EIS:主管决策系统 (Excutive Information System)

ERP:企业资源规划 (Enterprise Resource Planning)

FMS :弹性制造系统 (Flexible Manufacture System)

KM :知识管理 (Knowledge Management)

4L :逐批订购法 (Lot-for-Lot)

LTC :最小总成本法 (Least Total Cost)

LUC :最小单位成本 (Least Unit Cost)

MES :制造执行系统 (Manufacturing Execution System)

MPS :主生产排程 (Master Production Schedule)

MRP :物料需求规划 (Material Requirement Planning)

MRPⅡ:制造资源计划 (Manufacturing Resource Planning)

OEM :委托代工 (Original Equipment Manufacture)

ODM :委托设计与制造 (Original Design & Manufacture)

OLAP:线上分析处理 (On-Line Analytical Processing)

OLTP:线上交易处理 (On-Line Transaction Processing)

OPT :最佳生产技术 (Optimized Production Technology)

PDCA:PDCA管理循环 (Plan-Do-Check-Action)

PDM:产品数据管理系统 (Product Data Management)

RCCP:粗略产能规划 (Rough Cut Capacity Planning)

SCM :供应链管理 (Supply Chain Management)

SFC :现场控制 (Shop Floor Control)

TOC:限制理论 (Theory of Constraints)

TQC :全面品质管制 (Total Quality Control)

FYI/R:for your information/reference仅供参考

ASAP:尽快

S/T:Standard time标准时间

TPM:total production maintenance:全面生产保养

ESD Wrist strap:静电环

IT:information technology信息技术,资讯科学

CEO:Chief Executive Officer执行总裁

COO:Chief Operaring Officer首席业务总裁

SWOT:Strength,Weakness,Opportunity,Threat 优势﹐弱点﹐机会﹐威胁

Competence:专业能力

Communication:有效沟通

Cooperation:统御融合

Vibration Testing:振动测试

IDP:Individual Development Plan个人发展计划

MRP:Material Requirement Planning物料需求计划

MAT'S:Material材料

LRR:Lot Rejeet Rate批退率

ATIN:Attention知会

3C:Computer,Communication , Consumer electronic消费性电子

5W1H:When , Where , Who , What , Why , Ho

5M:Man , Machine , Material , Method , Measurement人,机器,材料,方法,测量

4MIE:Man,Material,Machine,Method,Environment 人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源)

7M1I:Manpower,Machine , Material , Method, Market , Management , Money , Information人力, 机器, 材料, 方法,市场, 管理, 资金, 资讯

Accuracy 准确度

Action 行动

Activity 活动

Analysis Covariance 协方差分析

Analysis of Variance 方差分析

Approved 承认

Attribute 计数值

Average 平均数

Balance sheet 资产负债对照表

Binomial 二项分配

Brainstorming Techniques 脑力风暴法

Cause and Effect Matrix 因果(鱼骨)

CL:Center Line 中心线

Check Sheets 检查表

Complaint 投诉

Conformity 合格(符合)

Control 控制

Control chart 控制(管制)

Correction 纠正

Correlation Methods 相关分析法

CPI:continuouse Process Improvement 连续工序改善

Cross Tabulation Tables 交叉表

CS:Customer Sevice 客(户)服(务)中心

DSA:Defects Analysis System 缺陷分析系统

Data 数据 Deion:品名

DCC:Document Control Center 文控中心

Decision 决策、判定

Defects per unit 单位缺点数

Deion 描述

Device 装置

Do 执行

DOE:Design of Experiments 实验设计

Element 元素

Engineering recbnology 工程技

Environmental 环境

Equipment 设备

Estimated accumulative frequency 计算估计累计数

EV:Equipment Variation 设备变异

External Failure 外部失效,外部缺陷

FA:Failure Analysis 失效分析

Fact control 事实管理

Fatigue 疲劳

FMEA:Failure Mode and Effect Analysis失效模式与效果分析

FP:First-Pass Yield (第一次通过)合格率

FQA:Final Quality Assurance 最终品质保证

FQC:Final Quality control 最终品质控制

Gauge system 测量系统

Grade 等级

Histogram 直方

Improvement 改善

Initial review 先期审查

Inspection 检验

Internal Failure 内部失效、内部缺陷

IPQC:In Process Quality Control 制程品质控制

IQC:Incomming Quality Control 来料品质控制

IS:International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织

LCL:Lower Control limit 管制下限

LQC:Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制

LSL:Lower Size Limit 规格下限

Machine 机械

Manage 管理

Materials 物料

Measurement 测量

Median 中位数

MSA:Measurement System Analysis 测量系统分析

Occurrence 发生率

Operation Instruction 作业指导书

Organization 组织

Parto 柏拉

PPM arts per Million (百万分之)不良率

Plan 计划

Policy 方针

Population 群体

PQA: Process Quality Assurance 制程品质保证

Practice 实务(践)

Prevention 预防

Probability 机率

Probability density function 机率密度函数

Procedure 流程

Process 过程

Process capability analysis 制程能力分析()

Process control and Process capability 制程管制与制程能力

Product 产品

Production 生产

Projects 项目

QA: Quality Assurance 品质保证

QC: Quality Control 品质控制

QE: Quality Engineering 品质工程

QFD: Quality Function Desgin 品质机能展开(法)

Quality 质量

Quality manual 品质手册

Quality policy 品质政策(质量方针)

Random experiment 随机试验

Random numbers 随机数

R:Range 全距(极差)

Reject 拒收

Repair 返修

Repeatusility 再现性

Reproducibility 再生性

Requirement 要求

Responsibilities 职责

Review 评审

Reword 返工

Rolled yield 直通率

RPN:Risk Priority Number 风险系数

Sample 抽样,样本

Sample space 样本空间

Sampling with replacement 放回抽样

Sampling without replacement 不放回抽样

Scatter diagram 散布分析

Scrap 报废

Simple random sampling 简单随机取样

Size 规格

SL:Size Line 规格中心线

Stratified random sampling 分层随机抽样

SOP:Standard Operation Procedure 标准作业书

SPC:Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制

Specification 规范

SQA:Source(Supplier)Quality Assurance 供货商品质保证

Stage sampling 分段随机抽样

Standard Deviation 标准差

Sum of squares 平方和

Taguchi-method 田口(试验)方法

Theory 原理

TQC:Total Quality Control 全面品质控制

TQM:Total Quality Management 全面品质管理

Traceablity 追溯

UCL:Upper Control Limit 管制(控制)上限

USL:Upper Size Limit 规格上限

Validation 确认

Variable 计量值

Verification 验证

Version 版本

VOC:Voice of Customer 客户需求

VOE:Voice of Engineer 工程需求

Inventory stock report:庫存清单报告

Sales order report:出货报告

-END-

文章:网络(如侵联删)

提问者:安静听完这⒈首 经济学50个常用词汇


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