被动语态 动词的过去分词 |
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被动语态语法
英语的被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，而被动语态的时态则通过动词be来体现，如一般现在时的被动语态为“am [is, are]+过去分词”构成，一般将来时的被动语态为“will be+过去分词”构成，现在完成时的被动语态为“have [has] been+过去分词”构成，等等。由此可知，学好不同时态的被动语态，主要应注意两点：第一，它是被动语态（be+过去分词）；第二，它是哪种时态（要注意不同时态的构成方法）。所以解答不同时态的被动语态考题通常只需两招： 第一招：判断句子主语与谓语之间是否有被动关系。 第二招，分析句子谓语该用哪种时态（主要从句子语境和时态呼应等方面分析）。 例1 In case of bad weather, the wedding _______ indoors. A. holds B. will hold C. is held D. will be held 第一招：确定语态。由于wedding（婚礼）与hold（举行）之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态，故可排除A和B。 第二招：确定时态。根据In case of bad weather（万一天气不好）可知，句子谈论的是将来的情况，故要用将来时态，即选D。 句意为：万一下雨，婚礼将在室内举行。 例2 No decision will be made about any future appointment until all the candidates _______. A. will interview B. will be interviewed C. have interviewed D. have been interviewed 第一招：确定语态。由于candidates（候选人）与interview（面试）之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态，可排除A和C。 第二招：确定时态。因为until引导的是时间状语从句，不能使用将来时态，但可用一般现在时表示将来或用现在完成时，故可排除B，即答案为D。 句意为：直到对所有的候选人都进行了面试才能决定进一步的委任。 例3 After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _______. A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated 第一招：确定语态。由于it（指阅览室）与decorate（装修）之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态，可排除两个主动语态选项B和C。 第二招：确定时态。根据英语语法，only后接不定式表示结果时，通常是表示一种出人意料的结果。在本题中，“放学后去阅览室”本来是希望能顺利地进阅览室看书，但only to be told…却暗示一种意想不到的结果，显然是指阅览室正在被装修，不能进入看书，故选D。 句意为：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。 例4 —Have you heard about that fire in the market? — Yes, fortunately no one _______. A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt 第一招：确定语态。因 no one 与 hurt 之间为被动关系，汉语说“没有受伤”，其中的“受”就是“被”的意思，即“没人被伤害到”，故答案应从被动语态中找，可排除A和C。 第二招：确定时态。再根据对话的意思可知，这里谈论的是过去发生的动作，而非过去的过去，故应用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时，即答案选 B。 句意为：“你听说过市场里的那场火灾吗？”“听说过，幸运的是没有人受伤。” 2.动词过去分词变换规则 规则变化：1、一般在词尾加ed ，如 open - opened2、以不发音字母e结尾，只加d ，如 close- closed3、以辅音字母加y 结尾的词，改y为i再加ed，如 carry- carried4、以重读闭音节结尾且只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母再加ed，如 stop - stopped 不规则变化： 详细列表 Infinitive不定式 Past Tense 过去式 Past Participle 过去分词 意思 abide abode,abided abode,abided 持续；忍受；停留 alight alighted,alit alighted,alit 烧着的；点亮着的 arise arose arisen 出现；上升；起立 awake awoke,awaked awoken,awoke,awaked 唤醒；使觉醒；激起，唤起 be were \was been 是； 有，存在； 做，成为； 发生 bear bore borne,born 忍受；承受；具有；支撑 beat beat beaten 拍子；敲击；有规律的一连串敲打 become became become 成为；变得；变成 befall befell befallen 降临；发生 beget begot begotten,begot 产生；招致；引起；当…的父亲 begin began begun 开始；首先 behold beheld beheld 看；注视；把...视为 bend bent bent 使弯曲；使屈服；使致力；使朝向 bereave bereaved,bereft bereaved,bereft 使……失去；使……孤寂 beseech besought,beseeched besought,beseeched vt. 恳求，哀求；乞求，急切地要求得到 beset beset beset 困扰；镶嵌；围绕 bespeak bespoke bespoken,bespoke 表示；预约；证明；预示；显示 bespread bespread bespread 铺满；铺盖；广铺 bestrew bestrewed bestrewed,bestrewn 布满；散布 bestride bestrode bestridden,bestrid,bestrode 跨骑 bet bet,betted bet,betted 打赌，赌注；被打赌的事物 betake betook betaken 使致力于；专心于；使前往 bethink bethought bethought 想起，忆起；使……思考；使……考虑 bid bade,bid bidden,bid 出价；叫牌；努力争取 bide bode,bided bided 等待；面临；禁得起 bind bound bound .捆绑；困境；讨厌的事情；植物的藤蔓 bite bit bitten,bit 咬；一口；咬伤；刺痛 bleed bled bled 使出血；榨取/流血；渗出；悲痛 blend blended,blent blended,blent 混合；掺合物 bless blessed,blest blessed,blest 祝福；保佑；赞美 blow blew blown 吹；打击；殴打 break broke broken 打破；折断；弄坏；削弱 breed bred bred 繁殖；饲养；养育，教育；引起 bring brought brought 带来；促使；引起；某人处于某种情况或境地 broadcast broadcast,broadcasted broadcast,broadcasted 播送，播放；（无线电或电视）广播；播撒（种子 browbeat browbeat browbeaten 恫吓，吓唬；欺侮 build built built 建筑；建造 burn burnt,burned burnt,burned 燃烧；烧毁，灼伤；激起…的愤怒 burst burst burst 爆发，突发；爆炸 buy bought bought 购买；获得；贿赂 can could - 能； 能够； 可以； 可能 cast cast cast 投，抛；计算；浇铸；投射（光、影、视线等 catch caught caught 赶上；抓住；感染；了解 chide chid,chided chid,chidden,chided 责骂；斥责 choose chose chosen 选择，决定 cleave cleaved,cleft,clove cleaved,cleft 砍开；使分开；打通 cleave clave cloven 裂开；披荆斩棘地前进；粘住；坚持 cling clung clung 坚持，墨守；紧贴；附着 clothe clothed,clad clothed,clad 给…穿衣；覆盖；赋予 come came come 来；开始；出现；发生；变成；到达 cost cost cost 花费；使付出；使花许多钱 creep crept crept 爬行；蔓延；慢慢地移动；起鸡皮疙瘩 crow crowed,crew crowed 啼叫；报晓 cut cut cut [机] 切割；削减；缩短；刺痛 dare dared,durst dared 敢；胆敢 deal dealt dealt 处理；给予；分配；发牌 die died died 死亡；凋零；熄灭 dig dug dug 挖，掘；探究 dispread dispread dispread 向四方张开；展开 do did done 做；工作；有用（does是do的第三人称单数形式） draw drew drawn 拉；拖 dream dreamed,dreamt dreamed,dreamt 梦想；做梦；想到 drink drank drunk 喝，饮；吸收；举杯庆贺 drive drove driven vt. 推动，发动（机器等）；驾驶（马车，汽车等）；驱赶 dwell dwelt,dwelled dwelt,dwelled 居住；存在于；细想某事 eat ate eaten 吃，喝；腐蚀；烦扰 fall fell fallen 落下；变成；来临；减弱 feed fed fed 喂养；供给；放牧；抚养（家庭等）；靠…为生 feel felt felt 觉得；摸索 fight fought fought 打架；与…打仗，与…斗争；反对…提案 find found found 查找，找到；发现；认为；感到；获得 flee fled fled 逃走；消失，消散 fling flung flung 掷，抛；嘲笑；使陷入；轻蔑地投射；猛动 fly flew flown 飞；驾驶飞机；飘扬 flee fled fled 逃走（flee的过去分词）；消逝 fly flied flied 为fly的过去式及过去分词；打出高飞球 forbear forbore forborne 忍耐；克制 forbid forbade,forbad forbidden 禁止；不准；不允许；〈正式〉严禁 forecast forecast,forecasted forecast,forecasted 预报，预测；预示 fordo fordid fordone 毁灭；杀死（等于foredo） forego forewent foregone 放弃；居先；在……之前 foreknow foreknew foreknown 预见；预知；先知 forerun foreran forerun 预示；预告；走在…之前 foresee foresaw foreseen 预见；预知 foreshow foreshowed foreshown 预示 foretell foretold foretold 预言；预示；预告 forget forgot forgotten,forgot . 忘记；忽略 forgive forgave forgiven 原谅；免除（债务、义务等） forsake forsook forsaken 放弃；断念 forswear forswore forsworn 发誓抛弃 freeze froze frozen 使…冻住；使…结冰 gainsay gainsaid gainsaid 反驳；否定 get got got,gotten 使得；获得；受到；变成 gild gilded,gilt gilded 镀金；虚饰；供给钱 gird girded,girt girded,girt 束缚；佩带；做准备 give gave given 给；产生；让步；举办；授予 go went gone 去；进行；尝试 grave graved graven,graved 雕刻；铭记 grind ground ground 磨碎；磨快 grow grew grown 使生长；种植；扩展 hamstring hamstringed,hamstrung hamstringed,hamstrung 切断腿筋使成跛腿；使残废 hang hung hung 悬着，垂下；悬而不决 hang hanged hanged 绞死 have had had 有；让；拿；从事；允许 hear heard heard 听到，听；听说；审理 heave heaved,hove heaved,hove 举起；使起伏；投掷；恶心；发出（叹息等） hew hewed hewed,hewn 劈；砍倒 hide hid hidden,hid 隐藏；隐瞒；鞭打 hit hit hit 打击；袭击；碰撞；偶然发现；伤…的感情 hold held held 持有；拥有；保存；拘留；约束或控制 hurt hurt hurt 使受伤；损害；使疼痛；使痛心 inlay inlaid inlaid 把…嵌入，把…镶入 keep kept kept 保持；经营；遵守；饲养 kneel knelt,kneeled knelt,kneeled 跪下，跪 knit knitted,knit knitted,knit 编织；结合 know knew known 知道；认识；懂得 lade laded laded,laden 装载；装（船） lay laid laid 躺下；产卵；搁放；放置；铺放；涂，敷 lead led led 领导；致使；引导；指挥 lean leaned,leant leaned,leant 使倾斜 leap leapt,leaped leapt,leaped 跳跃，跳过；使跃过 learn learnt,learned learnt,learned 学习；得知；认识到 leave left left 离开；留下；遗忘；委托 lend lent lent 贷；增添，提供；把……借给 let let let 允许，让；出租；假设；妨碍 lie lay lain 躺下；产卵；搁放；放置；铺放；涂，敷 lie lied lied 谎骗 light lit lit 照亮；点燃；着火 light lighted lighted 照亮；点燃；着火 lose lost lost 浪费；使沉溺于；使迷路；遗失；错过 make made made 使得；进行；布置，准备，整理；制造；认为；获得；形成；安排；引起；构成 may might might 可以，能够；可能，也许；祝，愿；会，能 mean meant meant 意味；想要；意欲 meet met met 满足；遇见；对付 melt melted melted,melten 使融化；使熔化；使软化；使感动 misdeal misdealt misdealt misdeal misgive misgave misgiven 使怀疑；使担心 mislay mislaid mislaid 放错；遗失 mislead misled misled 误导；带错 mistake mistook mistaken 弄错；误解 misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood 误解；误会 mow mowed mowed,mown 割草；收割庄稼 must must must 必须，一定；可以，应当；很可能 ought ought ought 应该，应当；大概 outbid outbade,outbid outbidden,outbid 在开价上战胜；出价高于 outbreed outbred outbred 使远系繁殖 outdo outdid outdone 超过；胜过 outeat outate outeaten 吃得比…多 outfight outfought outfought 打败；战胜 outgo outwent outgone 支出；超过 outgrow outgrew outgrown 过大而不适于；出生；长大成熟而不再 outlay outlaid outlaid 花费 outride outrode outridden 较…骑得更好；安然度过风暴 outrun outran outrun 超过；跑得比…快；从…逃脱 outsell outsold outsold 卖得比…多 outshine outshone outshone 使相形见绌；胜过；比…更亮 outshoot outshot outshot 发射；冲出 outsit outsat outsat 比…坐得更久；坐得超过…时间限度 outspend outspent outspent 开支比…更大 outspread outspread outspread 使扩张；使展开；使伸展 outthrow outthrew outthrown 扔出；抛出 outthrust outthrust outthrust 使突出；使冲出 outwear outwore outworn 穿破，穿坏；比…经久耐用；用旧；使筋疲力尽 overbear overbore overborne 压服；克服 overbid overbid overbidden,overbid 报谎价；出价较…为高 overblow overblew overblown 吹散，吹落；夸张，过分渲染 overbuild overbuilt overbuilt 建造过多；建造在...上面 overbuy overbought overbought 过度购买；过多地买 overcast overcast overcast 使沮丧；包缝；遮蔽 overcome overcame overcome 克服；胜过 overdo overdid overdone 把…做得过分；使过于疲劳；对…表演过火；夸张 overdraw overdrew overdrawn 透支；拉过度；夸张 overdrive overdrove overdriven 驱使过度；虐待；工作过度 overeat overate overeaten 使吃过量 [第三人称单数 overeats 过去式 overate 过去分词 overeaten 现在分词 overeating] overfeed overfed overfed 给…喂得太多 overfly overflew overflown 飞越 overgrow overgrew overgrown 长满于；长得超过 overhang overhung overhung 悬于…之上；（危险、邪恶等）逼近 overhear overheard overheard 无意中听到；偷听 overlade overladed overladed,overladen 使超载，使装载过多；使负载过重；使负担过重 overlay overlaid overlaid 在表面上铺一薄层，镀 overleap overleapt,overleaped overleapt,overleaped 越过；跳过；忽略 overlie overlay overlain . 躺在…上面；覆在…上面；压在（婴儿、幼仔）身上使之窒息而死 overpay overpaid overpaid 多付；多给报酬 override overrode overridden 推翻；不顾；践踏 overrun overran overrun 泛滥；超过；蹂躏 oversee oversaw overseen 监督；审查；俯瞰；偷看到，无意中看到 oversell oversold oversold 销售过多 overset overset overset . 打翻；推翻；颠覆；为…排版过密 oversew oversewed oversewed,oversewn 缝合；锁边 overshoot overshot overshot 超越；打过头；把…做过头 oversleep overslept overslept 使睡过头 overspend overspent overspent 超支；过度使用；花费过多 overspread overspread overspread 蔓延；铺满 overtake overtook overtaken 赶上；压倒；突然来袭 overthrow overthrew overthrown 推翻；打倒；倾覆 overwind overwound overwound 旋得太紧 overwrite overwrote overwritten 重写；写得过多；重叠写在…上面 partake partook partaken 分担；分享 pay paid paid 支付，付；偿还，补偿；给予 precast precast precast 预制；预浇制 prechoose prechose prechosen 预选，预先选择： prove proved proved,proven 证明；检验；显示 put put put 表达；移动；安置；赋予 quit quitted,quit quitted,quit 离开；放弃；停止；使…解除 read read read 阅读；读懂，理解 reave reaved,reft reaved,reft 抢走，劫掠；剥夺 rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 重建；改造，重新组装；复原 recast recast recast 重铸；彻底改动 reeve rove,reeved rove,reeved 把绳索穿过 relay relaid relaid 转播；使接替；分程传递 rend rent rent 撕碎；分裂；强夺 repay repaid repaid 回报；报复；付还 reset reset reset 重置；重新设定；重新组合 retell retold retold 复述；再讲；重述 rid rid,ridded rid,ridded 使摆脱；使去掉 ride rode ridden 骑；乘；控制；（骑马、自行车等）穿越；搭乘；飘浮 ring rang rung 按铃；包围；敲钟；套住 rise rose risen 使…飞起；使…浮上水面 rive riven riven,rived 猛地劈开[撕开]; run ran run 管理，经营；运行；参赛 saw sawed sawn,sawed 看见；明白，了解；锯；锯成；锯 say said said 讲；说明；例如；声称；假设；指明 see saw seen . 看见；理解；领会 seek sought sought 寻求；寻找；探索；搜索 sell sold sold 销售；推销；出卖；欺骗 send sent sent 发送，寄；派遣；使进入；发射 set set set 树立；点燃；点缀； sew sewed sewn,sewed 缝合，缝上；缝纫 shake shook shaken 动摇；摇动；震动；握手 shall should - 应；会；将；必须 shave shaved shaved,shaven 剃，削去；修剪；切成薄片；掠 shear sheared shorn,sheared 剪；修剪；剥夺 shed shed shed 流出；摆脱；散发；倾吐 shine shone,shined shone,shined 照射，擦亮；把…的光投向；（口）通过擦拭使…变得有光泽或光 shoe shod,shoed shod,shoed 给……穿上鞋；穿……鞋 shoot shot shot 射击，射中；拍摄；发芽；使爆炸；给…注射 show showed shown,showed 显示；说明；演出；展出 shred shredded,shred shredded,shred 切成条状；用碎纸机撕毁 shrink shrank,shrunk shrunk,shrunken 使缩小，使收缩 shrive shrove,shrived shriven,shrived 听忏悔后赦免 shut shut shut 关闭；停业；幽禁 sing sang,sung sung 唱；用诗赞颂；唱着使 sink sank,sunk sunk,sunken 使下沉；挖掘；使低落 sit sat sat 使就座 slay slew slain 杀害，杀死；使禁不住大笑 sleep slept slept 睡，睡觉 slide slid slid,slidden 滑动；使滑动；悄悄地迅速放置 sling slung slung 用投石器投掷；吊起 slink slunk slunk 早产；潜逃 slit slit slit 撕裂；使有狭缝 smell smelt,smelled smelt,smelled 嗅，闻；察觉到；发出…的气味 smite smote smitten,smote 打；重击；毁灭；侵袭；使神魂颠倒 sow sowed sown,sowed 播种；散布；使密布 speak spoke spoken 讲话；发言；讲演 speed sped,speeded sped,speeded 加快…的速度；使成功，使繁荣 spell spelt,spelled spelt,spelled 拼，拼写；意味着；招致；拼成；迷住；轮值 spend spent spent 度过，消磨（时光）；花费；浪费；用尽 spill spilt,spilled spilt,spilled 使溢出，使流出；使摔下 spin spun spun 使旋转；纺纱；编造；结网 spit spat,spit spat,spit 吐，吐出；发出；发射 split split split 分离；使分离；劈开；离开；分解 spoil spoilt,spoiled spoilt,spoiled 溺爱；糟蹋；破坏；掠夺 spread spread spread 传播，散布；展开；伸展；铺开 spring sprang,sprung sprung 使跳起；使爆炸；突然提出；使弹开 stand stood stood 使站立；忍受；抵抗 stave staved,stove staved,stove 延缓；击穿；凿孔于；压扁 steal stole stolen 剽窃；偷偷地做；偷窃 stick stuck stuck 刺，戳；伸出；粘贴 sting stung stung 刺；驱使；使…苦恼；使…疼痛 stink stank,stunk stunk 使发出臭气；用臭味驱赶 strew strewed strewn,strewed 散播；撒满 stride strode stridden,strid 跨过；大踏步走过；跨坐在… strike struck struck,stricken 打，击；罢工；撞击，冲击；侵袭；打动；到达 string strung strung 线，弦，细绳；一串，一行 strive strove,strived striven,strived 努力；奋斗；抗争 swear swore sworn 发誓；咒骂 sweat sweat,sweated sweat,sweated 使出汗；流出；使干苦活；剥削；藉出汗减轻；焦急地期待 sweep swept swept 扫除；猛拉；掸去 swell swelled swollen,swelled 使膨胀；使隆起 swim swam swum 游过；使浮起 swing swung swung 使旋转；挥舞；悬挂 take took taken 拿，取；采取；接受（礼物等）；买，花费；耗费（时间等 teach taught taught 教；教授；教导 tear tore torn 撕掉, 扯下, 扰乱 tell told told 告诉，说；辨别；吩咐；断定 think thought thought 想；认为；想起；想像；打算 thrive throve,thrived thriven,thrived 繁荣，兴旺；茁壮成长 throw threw thrown 投；抛；掷 thrust thrust thrust 插；插入；推挤 tread trod trodden,trod 踏；踩；践踏；跳；踩出 unbend unbent unbent 弄直；使松弛；卸下 unbind unbound unbound 解开；解放 unbuild unbuilt unbuilt 拆毁；摧毁；消磁 underbid underbid underbidden,underbid 出价低于…；出较低的价钱 underbuy underbought underbought 购货不足，买得比定价便宜 undercut undercut undercut 廉价出售；较便宜的工资工作；从下边削球 underdo underdid underdone 不尽全力做；使煮得嫩 underfeed underfed underfed 未喂饱；不充分供料 undergo underwent undergone 经历，经受；忍受 underlay underlaid underlaid 垫起；从下面支撑 underlet underlet underlet 分租；转租；廉价出租 underlie underlay underlain 成为……的基础；位于……之下 underpay underpaid underpaid 少付…工资；付给…不足额的工资 underrun underran underrun 从下面通过；交互边拉边检查 undersell undersold undersold 以低于…的价格出售（undersell过去式和过去分词） underset underset underset 放在…下面；支撑 undershoot undershot undershot 脱靶；未达到目标；飞机未抵达跑道即著陆 understand understood understood 理解；懂；获悉；推断；省略 undertake undertook undertaken 承担，保证；从事；同意；试图 underwrite underwrote underwritten 给...保险；承诺支付；签在...下 undo undid undone 取消；解开；破坏；扰乱 undraw undrew undrawn 拉开，扯开 unfreeze unfroze unfrozen 解冻；解除对…的控制；融化 ungird ungirded,ungirt ungirded,ungirt 松带；解带 unhang unhung unhung 从……取下悬挂物 unknit unknitted,unknit unknitted,unknit 解开；平整；拆开 unlade unladed unladed,unladen 卸下 unlay unlaid unlaid 拆开 unlearn unlearnt,unlearned unlearnt,unlearned 忘却；抛掉以前的想法；去掉…的弊习 unmake unmade unmade 使恢复原状；使消失；撤回；毁灭；改变 unreeve unrove,unreeved unrove,unreeved 从孔中拉回（绳索）将绳索退出（滑轮等 unsay unsaid unsaid 撤回，收回；取消 unset unset unset 使……移动；扰乱；[计] 复原 unsling unslung unslung 自吊索上放下；由悬挂处取下；取去吊索 unspeak unspoke unspoken 取消前言；撤回，取消 unstick unstuck unstuck 分开；扯开 unstring unstrung unstrung 解开；使衰弱；把弦解下 unswear unswore unsworn 毁弃誓言 unteach untaught untaught 使忘却；教相反的事物；证明…的虚伪 unthink unthought unthought 不想；置…于脑后 untread untrod untrodden,untrod 折回；退回 unweave unwove unwoven 解开；拆开 unwind unwound unwound 放松；解开；[计] 展开 upbuild upbuilt upbuilt 放松；解开；[计] 展开 upcast upcast upcast 向上投掷之物；上抛；排气竖坑 uphold upheld upheld 支撑；鼓励；赞成；举起 uppercut uppercut uppercut 用上钩拳击 uprise uprose uprisen 起义；上升；起床 upset upset upset 使心烦；颠覆；扰乱 upsweep upswept upswept 向上弯曲；活泼化；拢上去的头发 upswing upswung upswung 提高；回升；向上摆动 wake waked,woke waked,woken,woke 叫醒；激发 waylay waylaid waylaid . 伏击；埋伏 wear wore worn 穿着；用旧；耗损；面露 weave wove woven 编织；编排；使迂回前进 wed wedded,wed wedded,wed 与...结婚；娶；嫁 weep wept wept 哭泣；流泪；悲叹；流出或渗出液体 weigh weighed weighed 权衡；考虑；称…重量 wet wetted,wet wetted,wet 弄湿 will would - 决心要；遗赠；用意志力使 win won won 赢得；在…中获胜；劝诱 wind winded,wound winded,wound 缠绕；上发条；使弯曲；吹号角；绕住或缠住某人 wit wist wist 智慧；才智；智力 withdraw withdrew withdrawn 撤退；收回；撤消；拉开 withhold withheld withheld 保留，不给；隐瞒；抑制 withstand withstood withstood 抵挡；禁得起；反抗 work worked worked 使工作；操作；经营；使缓慢前进 work wrought wrought 使工作；操作；经营；使缓慢前进 wring wrung wrung 拧；绞；紧握；使痛苦；折磨 write wrote written 写，书写；写信给；著述 ⒈ A---A---A型（现在式、过去式、过去分词同形） 动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费[ ] cut cut cut 割，切[ ] hit hit hit 打[ ] let let let 让[ ] put put put 放下[ ] read read read 读[ ](读音是ABB型) hurt hurt hurt 伤[ ] ⒉ A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形） beat beat beaten 打[ ] [ ] [ ]
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