碳酸二甲酯（DMC）是已确立的溶剂和绿色试剂，继续引起关注。它是非极性非质子溶剂，与水混溶性好，在大气中易生物降解，并且无毒。根据溶剂选择指南，DMC被归类为最绿色的“推荐”括号，并且可以作为甲基乙基酮，乙酸乙酯，甲基异丁基酮和大多数其他酮的潜在替代品。目前，生产DMC的最普遍的商业途径是使用O 2进行甲醇的氧化羰基化。此外，CO 2替代DMC的新工艺正在开发中。DMC已经发现了多种应用，例如锂可充电电池中的电解质，以及在包括药物相关合成和生物催化在内的多种反应中作为溶剂。

本报告简要概述了物理热力学，毒理学和生态毒理学特性，生产方法，反应性以及DMC作为化学和生物技术过程中的环境友好化学品的应用。

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Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an established solvent and a green reagent which continues to attract attention. It is a nonpolar aprotic solvent with good miscibility with water, biodegrades readily in the atmosphere, and is non-toxic. DMC is classified in the greenest “recommended” bracket according to the solvent selection guide, and can be a potential replacement for methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, and most other ketones. Currently, the most prevalent commercial pathway for the production of DMC is through oxidative carbonylation of methanol using O2; in addition, new alternative processes for DMC from CO2 are being developed. DMC has found several applications such as the electrolyte in lithium rechargeable batteries and as a solvent in several reactions including pharmaceutically relevant synthesis and in biocatalysis.

This report provides a brief overview of physical-thermodynamic-, toxicological- and ecotoxicological properties, production methods, reactivity, and applications of DMC as an environmentally benign chemical in chemical- and biotechnical processes.