英汉句子互译中的词序 |
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第七章英汉句子互译中的词序
英语和汉语词序差别很大。下面我们先看看这两种语言在词序排列上各自的特点,然
后再针对这些特点讨论一下英汉互译中词序的处理方法。
7.1 英汉句子词序的差异
汉语是语义型语言,英语是形态型语言,这便决定了两者在词序安排上有着本质的区
别。汉语组词造句时,词序主要由语义的搭配决定,即语义团块的先后次序是由人的思维
逻辑来决定的。汉语是一种逻辑性很强的语言,其逻辑性主要表现在以下几个方面:
1 在时间上,英语句子的词序主要是根据语境的需要安排,而汉语通常按事情
发生或出现的先后顺序排列。例如:
1 He went to bed after he finished his homework. 他做完作业后便上床睡觉了。
2 ) They started as soon as he came . 他一到他们就开始干了起来。
3 ) Calmly Mother looked around before she turned back fearlessly, closing the door behind her and dashed to the window. 母亲镇定地环顾四周,然后毫不畏惧地转身回到屋子里,顺手关上门,一个箭步
奔到门口。
4 ) A loud applause exploded from the audience when the actress went on the stage. 当女演员登上舞台时,观众中爆发出一阵掌声。
5 ) The invaders will not surrender until they come to the end of their tether. 侵略者不到走投无路的时候是不会投降的。
6 ) He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights. 天快黑了,人家给了他一把椅子,请他坐下来等一会儿。忽然电灯全亮了,照出
了整个大桥的轮廓。
7 )老栓正在专心 走路 ,忽然 吃了一惊 ,远远地 看见 一条丁字街,明明白白横着。他
便 退 了几步, 寻找 一家关着门的铺子, 蹩进 檐下, 靠 门 立住 了。(鲁迅,《药》)
Absorbed in his walking, Old Shuan was startled when he saw the cross road lying distinctly ahead of him. He walked back a few steps to stand under the eaves of a shop in front of its closed door. (连淑能, p.72 )
8 )那只老狼从灌木丛里 窜出来 ,惊魂未定地 喘息 , 伸出 舌头。它 扭头望 着那片灌木
林,声响渐渐消失了,慌乱中毫无目的地 转 了一阵。它累极了,便 卧 在地上。然后
它又 坐 起来,可是它突然像被咬了一下似地 跳 起来,那只猛禽的铁爪还留在它身
上。(周涛,《猛禽》)
The old wolf runs out of the bush, still badly shaken, panting with its tongue lolling. It turns its head to look back at the bush; the terrifying sound has all but died out. Still in panic, it limps aimlessly for a while, then, exhausted, it crouches down to rest, As it sits up, a biting pain hurts its back: the eagle’s iron -like claw is still attached to its body. 上面第 1 至第 6 例在时间上都采取“倒叙”的手法,其中 after, as soon as, before, when ,
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