名词的单复数讲解与练习(七年级)

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名词的单复数讲解与练习(七年级)

2024-01-20 12:29| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

 

                                              正东方教育辅导专题讲与练

七年级可数名词单、复数练习(附加:名词单数面复数规则)

 

一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别

  普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。

可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如

worker, farmer, desk, factory等)

 

集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如

people, family 等)。

        如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。

       不可数名词分为

        物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)

       抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如

work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。

 

二、关于可数名词

  可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:

  1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:

  book → books room → rooms

  house → houses day → days

  2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。但是有些以o结尾的外来词或缩写词的复数形式只加s,另外如果字母o前面是元音字母也只加s。

piano-->pianos(外来词,from Italian)

photo-->photos(from greece)

bamboo-->bamboos(结尾的o前面是元音字母o)

cameo-->cameos(元音字母e)

 

bus → buses       glass → glasses

watch → watches

dish → dishes box → boxes

  3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:

  city → cities    body → bodies

  factory → factories等等。

 

 

       boy  → boys

       play  → plays

      

  4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:

  half → halves      leaf → leaves

  knife → knives   wife → wives

 

  5. 特例,特例常常考,要记住。

  ① child → children

  ② man → men woman → women

     policeman → policemen

  (规律:man → men)

  ③ tomato → tomatoes

     potato → potatoes

  注意: 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ] 以O结尾的单词变复数时,有生命的加es,无生命的加s.  如:photo,zoo,为无生命的,+s  tomato,potato为有生命的,+es.

  ④ foot → feet   tooth → teeth

  注意: oo变成ee。]

  ⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 

注意:变复数时词形不变。]

  ⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数; people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。

6.集体名词:表示一群人或物的名词叫集体名词。为便于弄清其特点,我们不妨把它们分为表示无生命的物的“类”和表示主要是由人构成的“群”的集体名词。

⑴表示“类”的集体名词,常见的有

  Clothing、furniture、baggage/luggage、jewelry、traffic、information、machinery、merchandise、produce、scenery                                                                                      

①    形式上总是单数,没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语用单数。The old machinery is out of date.

②    不可直接与a(n)或数词连用。表数量时用much,little,some,a piece of,an article of等:Each room has five pieces of furniture.

③    若需用代词,用单数代词:Do you want to see my jewelry?It is in the box.

⑵表示“群”的集体名词常见的有

1.People、police、cattle、poultry、vermin、clergy、militia、crew;

以上的单词做主语时,谓语动词用复数:The police are looking for him

2.amily、class、team、government、crowd、committee、jury、party、firm、couple、board、group、gang、enemy、union、audience、public、mankind、humanity、youth

以上的词把若集体当作一个整体时,用作单数;若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员时,看作复数。

My family is a large one.我的家庭是个大家庭

My family are all workers.我家里人都是工人

注意:把一个集体名词看作单数或复数,要注意前后一致。如:

  The team is famous for its(不能用their) long history.该对以历史悠久而闻名。

 

  三、关于不可数名词

  1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

  如:The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。

  2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。

  如:water (水) → waters (水域)

      orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)

        people(人)→peoples(民族)

  3. 很多不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。

  如:fruit → fruits     food → foods

      fish → fishes     hair → hairs

  四、名词可数不可数“六注意”

  1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如:desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some bread, a little milk等。

  2、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。如:

  He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。

  No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。

  3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示"一些,许多"。如:

  There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。

  There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。

  4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如: a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。

  5、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:

  This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。

  不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:

  There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。

  6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如:

  How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果?

  How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水?

  注意:对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时,疑问词用how many。 如:

  How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包?

单复数同形:

deer 鹿 means 手段,方法  sheep 羊,绵羊 series 连续,系列  fish 鱼 species 种类  Chinese 汉语(单),中国人(复) works 工厂;作品  ethics 伦理学(单);道德行为(复) statistics 统计学(单);数据(复) 

 

 

    名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词,其中可数名词具有单复数的形式;而不可数名词没有可数名词复数变化规则如下:  

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

5.  以o结尾,有生命的加es, 无生命的加s. 如:potato-potatoes. zoo-zoos

6.不规则名词复数:

 man-men, woman-women,

policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,

 mouse-mice  child-children, foot-feet,. tooth-teeth,

fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,

    当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如

There are 56 peoples in China.

    以下词为常为不可数名词,他们的复数形式就是他们本身。water(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米饭) orange(橙汁)juice(果汁)bread(面包)

不可数名词的数量关系可借助量词表示,如。a cup of tea  two cups of tea

一.用所给名词的正确形式填空。

 

1.  I have two_____ (knife) 

2.  There are many _____ here. (box)

3.  There are many _____ on the road. (bus)

4.  A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)

5.  The _____ are playing football now. (child)1.Look at those _______. (child)

6.I can see a _______ standing near the door. (policeman)

7.Do you want some ________ for dinner? (potato)

8 In autumn, you can see a lot of _______ on the ground.(leaf)

 9.He has two _______.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)

10. Two ________ live in this building .( family )

11. There are so many________(wolf)in the forest. 

12. There are three ______(chair) in the classroom.

13.These _______(tomato) are red.          

14.______(hero) are great.

15.My brother looks after two ______(baby) 

16.There are some ______(deer) eating the grass.

17.My father likes to eat _______(potato).  

18.Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles.

19.I have a lot of ______(toy) in my bedroom. 

20.I help my mother wash _____(dish) in the kitchen.

21I have two ______(pencil-box).     

22.There are some ______(bus)in the street.

23.Peter has eight _____(foot).        

 24.Linda has three _______(tooth).

25.There are some ______(child) in the garden. 

26.Michael likes the ______(mouse).

27.There are some ______(goose)in the river.  

28.My uncle and father are _____(man).

29.Tom and King are _____(boy).       

30.Linda has three ______(tooth).

 

二.选择填空

 

 1.They come from different ______  

     A. country   B. countries   C. a country  D. countrys

2.  How many ______ do you see in the picture? 

    A. tomatos   B. tomatoes  C. tomato     D. the tomato

3.  There are_____ birds in that big tree.

        A. hundreds of            B. five hundreds of

        C. five hundred of      D. hundred of

4.  There are some ______ in these _______.

    A.knifes…pencil-boxes     B.knives…pencils-box

    C.knives…pencil-box        D.knives…pencils-boxes

5.  _______ are good for our health .

    A. Tomatos          B. Tomatoes     C. Tomato

6.  I like to eat cake with  ______.   

    7.  A. cherries      B. cherry           C.cherrys

8.  ______ and ______ are not friends.  

   A. Foxs…wolfs  B.Foxes…wolfs   C.  Foxes…wolves

8.  Do you want to drink ______  much  ?  

    A、a milk          B、milk           C、milks

9.  This is          room. It’s very big.

    A、Lily and Lucy’s     

    B、Lily’s and Lucy’s         

    C、Lily’s and Lucy

10. Do you want some   ______    for supper?

     A、a potato       B、potatoes           C、potatos

11. In autumn,you can see a lot of___ on the ground. 

    A、leaf              B、leafs               C、leaves

12. My sister has two ___. One is old,the other is new.

    A、a watch   B、watchs   C、watches

13.There  ______  on the wall .They are very beautiful.

    A. are photoes      B. are photos  

    C. is a photo          D. is photos

14. That’s     _____     art  book.

    A. an       B. a         C. the       D are

15. There ______   two______    in  the box.

   A. is, watch B. are, watches C. are, watch D. is, watches

16.There is no ______ in the plate.  

   A. apples     B. oranges           C. rice          D. Eggs

 

巩固练习——写出下列词对应的复数形式(注意:不可数名词不变,单复数同形的要写出来)

 

1.I_______             2.him ______        3.this ________ 4.her  ________  5.wash _____

6.child ______       7.photo ______    8.diary ______   9.day  ________  10.foot______  

11.book______     12. dress _______13.month______ 14.sheep _____     15.box_______

16.strawberry ___17.thief______      18.peach______   19.sandwich ____ 20.man______

21.woman_____   22.paper______  23.juice_____       24.water_______ 25.milk______

26.rice_______    27.tea_______    28.leaf______       29. puppy_____ _30. wish___

 31. knife_______ 32. fly______     33.fox_____           34. bus___ _____35. bench____

_36. brush_____   37.church_____38.dish_____         39.ruler______     40.party_____

41. glass_____       42.pencil______43.boy______       44.zoo______        45.man_____

46. roof_______   47.shop_____     48. life____    _     49.lady________  50.key______   

 51.side______      52.watch______ 53.bamboo____    54.city______        55.family____

56.apple_______  57.eraser_____   58.speech______59.mouse_____     60.fish_____

61.goose_______  62. people _____63.ox_____          64. mouth ______ 65.deer _____

66.friend______   67.library _____  68.oth_______  69.hero_____  _     70.boss______

71.donkey______ 72.radio _______73. horse _____  74. dog _______    75 monkey___ 

76 text________  77 Chinese____    78 Japanese___  79. factory _____    80.half______

81.German______82.country_____83.toy_______  84. pear_________85. test______

86. army_______87. hour_______88.__________89. dinosaur _____ 90.Italian____

91. inventor ___    92.musician____  93.scientist____94.accident______  95.pear______

96.professor____ 97.shelf________98.season____  99.trip_________100. play______

四、            写出下列名词的复数形式

1、orange         2、class          3、text            4、monkey         5、piano       

6、child          7、shelf          8、bed            9、country         10、family       

11、toy          12、foot          13、Japanese      14、radio           15、photo        

16、army_       17、tomato    ___ 18、fox           19、woman         20、knife        

练习题

一、        写出下列名词的复数形式

1、orange   oranges         2、class    classes     

3、text   texts                     4、monkey   monkeys      

5、piano    pianos            6、child  children           

7、shelf    shelves            8、bed   beds         

9、country    contries    10、family     families     

11、toy    toies                   12、foot    feet      

13、Japanese   Japanese    14、radio            

15、photo     photos                16、army      armies    

17、tomato  tomatoes         18、fox   foxes           

19、woman    women          20、knife    knives     

22、sheep   sheep        

二、选择填空

   1、There         on the wall .They are very beautiful.

        A. are photoes      B. are photos

        C. is a photo        D. is photos

   2.  This car       made in Shanghai.

       A. is       B .are       C .were     D .has

   3.  There are four       and two           in the group.

           A. Japanese, Germen    B. Japaneses, Germen

          C. Japanese, German      C. Japanese, Germans

   4. That’s          art book.

      A. an        B. a           C. the      D are

5. The boys have got         already.

     A. two bread                     B.  two breads

      C. two pieces of bread  D.  two piece of bread

6. The old man wants          .

  A. six boxes of apples   B. six boxes of apple

  C. six box of apples        D. six boxs of apples

7. There       some       in the river.

   A. is, fish   B. are, fishes  C. is, fishes D. are, fish

8. There         two          in the box.

  A. is, watch B. are, watches C. are, watch D. is, watches

9. We should clean       twice a day.

     A .our tooth  B. our tooths  C. teeth  D. our teeth

10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.

   A. teacher   B.teacher’s   C.teachers’  D.teachers

11. In Britain _____ are all painted red.

   A. letter boxes       B.letters boxes

   C. letter box           D.letters box

      



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