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英汉对照

Active Learning 

主动学习

by Kevin Daum

Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself. But this isn’t always true. We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt. These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”. I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.

很多人认为人类的大脑是“自动运行的”，这是说大脑能自动学习。但事实并非总是如此。我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过程并反思学到的东西。这些学习行为叫做“主动学习”。要做到积极主动地学习，我建议尝试以下五件事。

1                                     

There are two kinds of voices: the inner voice and the outer voice. Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read. Although your inner voice can be useful, it can also get in the way of learning. If you keep paying too much attention to it, you risk missing important information. Instead, active learners are open-minded and focus on what the speaker / writer is saying, not on what their brain is saying in the background. In this way, they are in a better position to make decisions.

有两种声音：内心的声音和外部的声音。内心声音表达你的个人意见，而外部的声音告诉你关于听到或者读到的观点。虽然你内心的声音很有用，但它也可能妨碍学习。如果你一直过于关注它，就可能错过重要信息。相反，主动学习者是开放的，专注于说话人或者作者所说的话，而不是自己的大脑在背景中说的话。通过这种方式，他们可以更好地做出决策。

2                           

If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do. When your inner voice tells you a speaker / writer is wrong, think about why the speaker / writer may be right. Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker / writer after all. If not, at least you have “listened to” another point of view.

3                                    

Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning. When you get information from someone, from books or the Internet, ask two, three, even five questions about the topic. The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic. In short: Do not stop being curious.

如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。当你的内心声音告诉你一个说话人或作者是错误的时候，想想为什么说话人或作者可能是对的。灵活处理你的意见，你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。如果没有，至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。

4                                   

Active learners do not accept everything they learn. They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea. Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth. So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today, think about why they believe this. Where does the idea come from? Do they have enough data to support their views? If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something.

主动学习者不会全盘接受学到的东西。他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。即使某个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也可能有某个方面是基于事实的。因此，如果有人说现在还有恐龙，那就想想他们为什么会相信这一点。这个想法来自哪里？他们是否有足够的数据来支持自己的观点？如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。

5                                   

Many people miss out on learning opportunities because they let their feelings get in the way. They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker / writer is. It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all. But do not forget you can still learn from them. Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger. This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.许多人因为受到自己情感的阻碍而错过了学习机会。他们因为说话人或作者的身份而拒

绝学习或者忽视他们所说的内容。确实，我们难免会不喜欢某些人——毕竟这是人的本性。但不要忘记你仍然可以向他们学习。主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。相反，他们将信息与信息提供者分开。反之亦然——不要仅仅因为某些人的身份或仅仅因为他们是你的朋友就认为他们总是正确的。

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