文人 men of letter

雅士 refined scholar

才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

高雅艺术 refined/high art

中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars

古为今用 to make the past serve the present

洋为中用 to make the foreign serve China

无愧于时代的作品 works worthy of the times

文明摇篮 cradle of civilization

古文明 ancient civilization

博大精深 to be extensive and profound

享有……的声誉 to enjoy a good/high reputation for

被誉为 to be honored/crowned as

占据重要地位 to play a significant role; to have/ occupy a significant place

肩负……的责任 to shoulder the responsibility of...

与……密不可分 to be closely associated with…

推广中国文化 to promote Chinese culture

促进世界和平 to promote world peace

增进友谊 to enhance friendship

文化娱乐活动 cultural and amusement activities

文化产业 culture industry

文化底蕴 cultural deposit

文化事业 cultural undertaking

文化交流 cultural exchange

文化冲击 culture shock

文化差异 cultural difference

民族特性和价值观 national identity and value

在各地差异很大 to vary widely from region/place to region/place

促进文化的传播 to promote the spread of culture

促进交流 to promote exchanges

蓬勃发展 to flourish

丰富多彩 to be rich and colorful

风俗习惯 custom

禁忌 taboo

中华民族 the Chinese nation

传统美德 traditional virtues

尊敬老人 to respect the elderly

赡养父母 to support/take care of parents

继承 to inherit

后人 later generation

强身健体 to improve the physical health; to strengthen the body

益寿延年 to prolong life

保佑平安 to keep sb. safe

象征意义 symbolic meaning

象征好运和祝福 to symbolize good luck and blessings

审美观/品味 taste for beauty; aesthetic taste

02

中国传统文化

传统工艺品 traditional handicraft

形状不一 to be of different shapes

材质各异 various materials

质地坚硬 hard texture

造型生动 vivid figure

色彩丰富 rich colors

风格独特 characteristic/unique style

中医药 traditional Chinese medicine

中草药 herbal medicine

望、闻、问、切 observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking

症状 symptom

重大发明 a significant invention

中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China

火药 gunpowder

印刷术printing

造纸术 paper-making

指南针 the compass

文房四宝 the Four Treasures of the Study

笔、墨、纸、砚 brush, ink stick, paper, ink stone

汉字 Chinese character

笔划 stroke

普通话四声调 the four tones of Mandarin Chinese

书法 calligraphy

中国画 traditional Chinese painting

水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink wash painting

武术 martial arts

中国功夫 Kung fu

太极 Tai Chi

孔子 Confucius

孟子 Mencius

思想学派 school of thought

思想核心 the core of ideology

代表人物 representative

儒家思想 Confucianism

儒家文化 Confucian culture

和尚、僧人 monk

寺庙 temple

建筑 architecture

钟楼 bell tower

鼓楼 drum tower

牌坊 memorial archway

兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses

丝绸之路 the Silk Road

故宫 the Imperial Palace

天坛 the Temple of Heaven

伊斯兰教 Islam

清真寺 mosque

宗教 religion

民间故事 folk tale

寓言 fable

传说 legend

凡间 human world

京剧 Peking Opera

脸谱 mask

正面角色 positive role

木偶戏 puppet show

皮影戏 shadow play

杂技 acrobatics

相声 crosstalk

说、学、逗、唱 speaking imitating, teasing and singing

说书 story-telling

刺绣 figure

瓷器 porcelain; china

陶器 pottery; earthenware

青铜器 bronze ware

雕刻 to carve

图章 seal

03

中国传统节日

春节 the Spring Festival / Chinese New Year

元宵节 the Lantern Festival

清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day

端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival

中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day/Festival

重阳节 the Double-ninth Day

七夕节 the Double-seventh Day

除夕 Chinese New Year's Eve

年夜饭 annual reunion dinner

拜年 to pay a new year call

探亲访友 to (pay a) visit to relatives and friends

亲朋好友 relatives and friends

大扫除 to thoroughly clean the house

驱厄运 to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck

去除灾难 to ward off evils

发红包 to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes

欢度 the celebration of...; to celebrate

春联 spring couplets

庙会 temple fair

民间艺人 folk artists

祭神 god-worshiping

爆竹，烟火 firecracker; firework(s)

画 (traditional) new year picture

压岁钱 new year's gift-money

舞龙 dragon dance

花灯 festival lantern

灯谜 lantern riddle

有益的智力活动 beneficial intellectual activity

中国结 Chinese knot

舞狮 lion dance

赛龙舟 dragon boat race

赏月 to enjoy the full moon

登高 hill climbing

扫墓 to pay respects to the dead at sb.'s tomb

04

食物及烹饪方法

中国菜，中餐 Chinese cuisine

烹饪技巧 cooking technique

煎 to fry

炒 to stir-fry

炸 to deep-fry

烩/焖/炖 to stew

蒸 to steam

煮 to boil

烘焙 to bake

烤 to roast

切条 to cut to strips

切丁 to dice

切碎 to mince

磨碎 to grind

饮食习惯 dietary habit

特色食品 special food

元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings

年糕 rice cake

油条 deep-fried dough sticks

豆浆 soybean milk

馒头 steamed bun

包子 steamed stuffed bun

拉面 hand-stretched noodles

豆腐 tofu; bean curd

麻花 fried dough twist

皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg

蛋炒饭 Fried rice with egg

火锅 hot pot

原料 ingredient

猪/牛肉丸 pork/beef ball

鸭肉 duck

蘑菇 mushroom

北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck

素菜馆 vegetarian restaurant

白酒 Chinese Baijiu

05

中国历史

四大文明古国之一 one of the four ancient civilizations

人类文明史 the history of human civilization

源远流长/历史悠久 to have a long history with a long history

朝代 dynasty

古都 ancient capital

随着时间的推移 as time goes by

远古时代 ancient times

原始社会 primitive society

春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period

战国 the Warring States

封建社会 feudal society

皇帝，君主 emperor; monarch

历史遗留问题 a question left over from history/the past

在战争中损毁 to be ruined in wars

抵抗侵略 to resist the invasion

五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919

在……世纪初 at the beginning of ... century

迄今为止 up till now

追溯到 to date/trace back to

来源于 to derive/stem from; to originate from/in

发祥地 birthplace

兴起于…，兴盛于… to emerge in … and prosper in

保存最完好的 best-preserved

原址 original site

国家博物馆 National Museum

皇帝统治时期 a period of emperor reign

诸侯国 kingdom

勤政爱民 to be diligent and love one’s people

退位 to give up the throne

帝王宫殿 imperial palace以……

命名 to be named after ...

历史人物 historic figure

阳历 solar calendar

阴历 lunar calendar

天干 heavenly stem

地支 earthly branch

闰年 leap year

06

中国经济

经济学家 economist

企业家 entrepreneur

经济全球化 economic globalization

区域性自由贸易区 regional free trade area

经济特区 special economic zone

计划经济 planned economy

市场经济 market economy

市场调节 market regulation

市场多元化 market diversification

推动经贸合作 to boost economic and trade cooperation

商界 business communities

互惠互利 mutual benefit

共同繁荣/富裕 common prosperity

总需求 aggregate/total demand

总供给 aggregate supply

供过于求 supply exceeding demand

扩大内需 to expand domestic demand

购买力 purchasing power

财政预算 financial budget

耐用消费品 durable consumer goods

年末促销 year-end promotion

垄断 monopoly

垄断行业 monopoly industry

市场占有率 market share

生产力，生产率 productivity

经济增长放缓 economic slowdown

国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)

集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises

私营企业 private businesses

民营企业 privately-run businesses

中小企业 small and medium-sized enterprises

民间资本 private capital

民间投资 private investment

泡沫经济 bubble economy

经济过热 overheating of the economy

通货膨胀 inflation

实体经济 the real economy

外汇储备充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserve

国内/国际贸易 domestic/international trade

对外贸易 foreign trade

贸易条件 terms of trade

不公平竞争 unfair competition

海关 customs

关税 customs duty

水货，走私货 smuggled goods

产品质量 product quality

高度评价 to speak highly of

物美价廉 competitive price and superior quality

销售，销售额 sales

存货，库存量 stocks

金融组织 financial institution

商业信誉 commercial reputation

管理机制 management mechanism

改善服务 to improve services

延长保修期 to extend maintenance

制造商，制造厂 manufacturer

原材料 raw material

样品 sample

大规模生产 mass production

年产量 annual output

劳动力密集型产业 labor-intensive industry

知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry

工作歧视 discrimination in the workplace

高消耗、高投入 high consumption, high investment

沿袭……模式 to continue with the model of …

住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan

分期付款 to pay by installment

信贷紧缩 credit squeeze

取钱 to withdraw money

利率 interest rate

找工作 to hunt for a job; job hunting

招聘广告 the want ads

职位 position; post; job vacancy/opening

求职信 application letter

工作简历 job resume; CV

填写申请表 to fill in/out the applicati

07

旅游交通

景点 tourist attraction; scenic spot

名胜古迹 places of interests

避暑胜地 summer resort

森林公园 forest park

自然保护区 nature reserve

自然景观 natural scenery

人文景观 human landscape

壮丽河山 magnificent scenery

古典山水园林 classical landscape garden

皇家园林 royal garden

中外游客 tourists from home and abroad

游乐园 amusement park

度假 to take a vacation; to go on holiday

门票 (entrance) ticket

免费景区电子门票 free sightseeing e-coupon

星级酒店 star-rated hotel

高峰期 rush hour

人山人海，人满为患 overcrowded; to be packed with overcrowded people

翻山越岭 to climb mountains and hills

受到……的热烈欢迎 to be warmly welcomed by …

丰富知识 to enrich one’s knowledge

开阔视野 to broaden one’s horizon

扩大知识面 to enlarge the scope of knowledge

培养独立性 to cultivate independence

运输工具 means of transportation

公共交通 public transport

地铁站 subway station

候车室 waiting room

扣分处罚 point penalty

酒驾 drunk driving

终身禁驾 lifetime ban from driving

护照 passport

签证有效期 validity of visa

散客 individual visitor

团体游客 group visitor

08

地理环境

位于 to be located in/at

西部地区 western regions

省会 provincial capital

水域面积 water area

三面环山 to be surrounded by mountains on three sides

全长……公里 to stretch for ... km/kilometers

面貌焕然一新 to take on a completely new look

高原 plateau

山峰 peak

淡水湖 freshwater lake

沿海港口 coastal port

植物园 botanical garden

气候 climate

环境保护 environmental protection

提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public

环保产品 environment-friendly product

一次性产品 disposable product

开发可再生资源 to develop renewable resources

高能耗产业 energy-intensive industry

可持续发展 sustainable development

生态环境 the ecological environment

温室效应 greenhouse effect

污染物 pollutant

水土保持 water and soil conservation

降雨量 rainfall

物种灭绝 the extinction of bio-species

先污染后治理 to exert control after pollution

碳减排 carbon emission reduction

温室气体排放 greenhouse gas emission

二氧化碳 carbon dioxide

新能源汽车 green car

废气 exhaust gas

汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust

发动机排量 engine displacement

零排放车辆 zero-emission vehicle

小排量汽车 small-displacement car

能源消耗 depletion of resources

能源危机 energy crisis

回收利用 to recycle

低碳城市化道路 way to low-carbon urbanization

城市化 urbanization

濒临灭绝/失传 to be on the verge of extinction/loss

濒危物种 endangered species

稀有物种 rare species

防护林带 shelter belt

森林覆盖率 forest coverage rate

改善土壤 soil improvement

地质灾害 geological disaster

灾难 catastrophe; tragedy; disaster

不幸 misfortune

伤亡人员 casualty

死亡人数 death toll

台风 typhoon

火山爆发 volcanic eruption

地震 earthquake

洪水 flood

干旱 drought

09

教育

普及教育 universal education

高等教育 higher education

象牙塔 ivory tower

正规院校 regular universities and colleges

军校 military academy

九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education

学前教育 preschool education

失学儿童 dropout

文盲 illiteracy; illiterate

受过良好教育的 well-educated

入学率 enrollment rate

适龄儿童 school-age children

高考 college entrance examination

考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate

读研 attend graduate school

毕业典礼 graduation ceremony

毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal

毕业论文 graduation dissertation/thesis

毕业实习 graduation field work

授予学位 confer an academic degree on sb.

博士学位 doctor’s degree

硕士学位 master’s degree

学士学位 bachelor’s degree

在职博士生 on-job doctorate

研究生毕业证/学位证 graduate diploma/graduate degree’s diploma

中专生 secondary specialized student

在校大学生 undergraduate

中小学 elementary/primary and middle/secondary schools

扩招 scale expansion

扩大招生人数 enlarge school enrollment

走读生 non-resident student

住校生 boarder

课外活动 extracurricular activity

必修课 required/compulsory course

选修课 elective/optional course

基础课 basic course

专业课 specialized course

专业知识 specialized knowledge/expertise

开设课程 offer a course

课程表 school schedule

教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus

学分制 credit system

补考 make-up examination

学年 school year

师资力量 teaching faculty

应试教育 exam-oriented education system

推进素质教育 push ahead with education for all-around development

基本实现教育现代化 basically modernize education

招生就业指导 enrollment and vocation guidance

竞争激烈 fierce competition

评价体系 evaluation system

选拔官员/人才 select officials/talents

10

科技

空间实验室 space laboratory

在线社区 online community

航天飞机 shuttle

社交模式 social networking

探测器 detector

搜索引擎 search engine

信息时代 information age

网民 netizen

信息爆炸 information explosion

活跃用户 active user

高科技产品 high-tech product

对…上瘾 be /get addicted to...

电子设备 electronic device

计算机病毒 computer virus

智能手机 smart phone; intelligent handset

虚拟世界 virtual world

创新 innovation

网上购物 online shopping

研发 research and development

电子商务 e-commerce

核心技术 core technology

消费理念 consumption concept

电讯 telecommunication

大众媒体 mass media

硬件 hardware

电子版 electronic version

软件 software

娱乐资讯 entertainment information

网上冲浪 surf on the Internet

在线娱乐online entertainment

网页浏览 web browsing

当地新闻 local news

即时消息 instant message

简讯 brief news

视频电话 videophone

获取信息 obtain information

文件传输 document transmission

收视率 audience rating

END

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