确保仓库包含contrib和non-free部分。Kali默认就有此部分。Debian可能需要自己手动添加，建议检查下为好。

检查是否包括contrib和non-free

grep "contrib non-free" /etc/apt/sources.list

如果没有的话，需要手动添加。源文件在/etc/apt/sources.list

apt edit-sources 或 vim /etc/apt/sources.list

更新软件包

apt update && apt full-upgrade -y

查看显卡信息和驱动信息。

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] 

└─# lspci | grep -i vga

09:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1) 

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] 

└─# lspci -s 09:00.0 -v 09:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) 

Subsystem: ZOTAC International (MCO) Ltd. GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB]     Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 80, IOMMU group 15       Memory at f6000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M] 

Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]        

Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]        

I/O ports at e000 [size=128]        

Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]        

Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3 

Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ 

Capabilities: [78] Express Legacy Endpoint, MSI 00       

Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel        

Capabilities: [250] Latency Tolerance Reporting        

Capabilities: [128] Power Budgeting  

Capabilities: [420] Advanced Error Reporting        

Capabilities: [600] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 Capabilities: [900] Secondary PCI Express 

Kernel driver in use: nouveau 

Kernel modules: nouveau 

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~] 

└─#

对于笔记本电脑或者迷你主机等有集成显卡的设备。主显示卡或许使用的是集成显卡，那么在lspci | grep -i vga这一步就不会显示nvidia独显。下面命令可以查看主显示卡是哪一个。

kali@kali:~$ lspci | grep -i vga

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 620 (rev 02)

为了查看nvidia显卡，可以安装nvidia-detect，并运行此软件。

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]

└─# apt install nvidia-detect

┌──(root㉿kali)-[~]

└─# nvidia-detect

Detected NVIDIA GPUs:

09:00.0 VGAcompatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] [10de:1c03] (rev a1)

Checking card:  NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1)

Uh oh. Failed to identify your Debian suite.

上一步检查出来的信息中，Kernel driver in use和Kernel modules显示的是nouveau。说明现在使用的是开源通用驱动，而我们现在要安装nvidia闭源驱动和CUDA套件。

apt install -y nvidia-driver nvidia-cuda-toolkit

安装过程中会提示以下信息

Configuring xserver-xorg-video-nvidia                                                                                                         Conflicting nouveau kernel module loaded                                                                                                       The free nouveau kernel module is currently loaded and conflicts with the non-free nvidia kernel module.                                      The easiest way to fix this is to reboot the machine once the installation has finished.

重启电脑

reboot

检查nvidia驱动和CUDA套件是否安装成功。

查看显卡详细信息，例如温度、转速、内存占用等。