词根\词缀释义：tighten, tight 拉紧

Constrain（v.）=con +strain =加强语气 +tighten=强迫、勉强

/kən'stren/

1.VERB     动词约束;限制;强迫 To constrain someone or something means to limit their development or force them to behave in a particular way.

【语法信息】：be V-ed

【语法信息】：be V-ed to-inf

【语法信息】：V n

【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式

Women are too often constrained by family commitments and by low expectations...

女性往往受到家庭责任和低期望值的束缚。

How can we produce top-class engineers when universities are constrained to offer salaries that can only attract mediocre staff?...

大学的财力有限，提供的薪酬仅能吸引水平一般的教师，在这种情况下，我们如何能培养出一流的工程师？

It's the capacity of those roads which is going to constrain the amount of travel by car that can take place.

制约驾车出行量的将会是那些道路的通行能力。

constrained

These will be very constrained budgets designed to get the deficit down.

这些预算旨在减少赤字，将会大大受限。

2.PHRASE 短语觉得被迫(做某事) If you feel constrained to do something, you feel that you must do it, even though you would prefer not to.

【搭配模式】：V inflects

For some reason he felt constrained to lower his voice.

不知怎么的，他觉得自己必须得压低声音。

Stress（n.）=强调、压力

/strɛs/

1.VERB     动词强调;着重指出 If you stress a point in a discussion, you put extra emphasis on it because you think it is important.

【语法信息】：V that

【语法信息】：V n

【语法信息】：V with quote

The spokesman stressed that the measures did not amount to an overall ban...

该发言人强调这些措施并不等同于全面禁止。

They also stress the need for improved employment opportunities, better transport and health care...

他们同时也强调需要增加就业机会，改善交通和医疗保健服务。

'We're not saying we're outside and above all this,' he stresses.

“我们并不是说我们对此不闻不问，”他强调道。

Stress is also a noun.

Japanese car makers are laying ever more stress on European sales.

日本汽车制造商比以往任何时候都更加重视欧洲市场的销售情况。

2.N-VAR    可变名词精神压力;心理负担;紧张 If you feel under stress, you feel worried and tense because of difficulties in your life.

【搭配模式】：oft under N

Katy could think clearly when not under stress...

在没有精神压力的情况下凯蒂思路清晰。

Of course, the British will suffer such daily stresses patiently.

当然，英国人将会耐心地承受这些日常压力。

...a wide range of stress-related problems.

与精神压力有关的一系列问题

3.N-VAR    可变名词压力;应力 Stresses are strong physical pressures applied to an object.

Earthquakes happen when stresses in rock are suddenly released as the rocks fracture.

当岩石碎裂时其承受的压力突然释放出来，地震就发生了。

4.VERB     动词重读;用重音读 If you stress a word or part of a word when you say it, you put emphasis on it so that it sounds slightly louder.

【语法信息】：V n

'Sit down,' she replied, stressing each word.

“坐下，”她一字一顿地说道。

Stress is also a noun.

...the misplaced stress on the first syllable of this last word.

最后这一个单词第一个音节不应重读

String（n.）=弦乐器 （拉紧的线）

/strɪŋ/

1.N-VAR    可变名词细绳;线 String is thin rope made of twisted threads, used for tying things together or tying up parcels.

He held out a small bag tied with string.

他拿出一个系着细绳的小袋子。

...a shiny metallic coin on a string.

拴在绳子上的闪闪发亮的金属硬币

2.N-COUNT     可数名词一串 A string of things is a number of them on a piece of string, thread, or wire.

【搭配模式】：usu N of n

She wore a string of pearls around her neck.

她脖子上戴着一串珍珠。

...a string of fairy lights.

一串圣诞树小彩灯

3.N-COUNT     可数名词一行;一列;一排 A string of places or objects is a number of them that form a line.

【搭配模式】：usu sing

The landscape is broken only by a string of villages...

这片风景中只有一排村庄。

A string of five rowing boats set out from the opposite bank.

5 只划艇排成一行从对岸出发了。

4.N-COUNT     可数名词一系列，一连串(类似事件) A string of similar events is a series of them that happen one after the other.

【搭配模式】：usu sing

The incident was the latest in a string of attacks...

这是一连串袭击事件中最近的一起。

Between 1940 and 1943 he had a string of 62 consecutive victories.

他在 1940 年至 1943 年间连续 62 次获胜。

5.N-COUNT     可数名词(乐器的)弦 The strings on a musical instrument such as a violin or guitar are the thin pieces of wire or nylon stretched across it that make sounds when the instrument is played.

He went off to change a guitar string.

他出去换一根吉他弦。

...a twenty-one-string harp.

21 弦的竖琴

6.N-PLURAL    复数名词(管弦乐团的)弦乐器，弦乐器组 The strings are the section of an orchestra which consists of stringed instruments played with a bow.

【搭配模式】：oft N n

The strings provided a melodic background to the passages played by the soloist...

弦乐组为独奏乐章配上了动听的背景乐。

There was a 20-member string section.

有一个 20 人组成的弦乐器组。

7.N-COUNT     可数名词(计算机技术中的)字符串，信息串 In computing, a string is a particular series of letters, numbers, symbols, or spaces, for example a word or phrase that you want to search for in a document.

8.VERB     动词悬挂;系;扎 If you string something somewhere, you hang it up between two or more objects.

【语法信息】：V n prep/adv

【语法信息】：V P n (not pron)

【语法信息】：Also V n P

He had strung a banner across the wall.

他在墙上挂了条横幅。

String up means the same as string .string up 同 string

People were stringing up decorations on the fronts of their homes.

人们正在各家门口挂起装饰物。

9.See also:highly strung;purse strings;second string;strung out;

10.PHRASE      短语另有一手;两手准备 If someone has more than one string to their bow, they have more than one ability or thing they can use if the first one they try is not successful.

【搭配模式】：Ns inflect

I'm never out of work because I have so many strings to my bow.

我会很多手艺，永远都不会没饭吃。

11.PHRASE      短语不带附加条件;无任何限制 If something is offered to you with no strings attached or with no strings, it is offered without any special conditions.

Aid should be given to developing countries with no strings attached.

应该不带任何附加条件地向发展中国家提供援助。

...no-strings grants that last for five years.

为期5 年的无附加条件的援助赠款

12.PHRASE      短语拉关系;走后门 If you pull strings, you use your influence with other people in order to get something done, often unfairly.

【搭配模式】：V inflects

Tony is sure he can pull a few strings and get you in.

托尼有把握可以托关系让你进去。

13. apron strings→see: apron;

相关词组：

string along string together string up

Distress（n.）=away +tighten=焦虑

/dɪ'strɛs/

1.N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词悲伤;痛苦;忧虑 Distress is a state of extreme sorrow, suffering, or pain.

Jealousy causes distress and painful emotions.

嫉妒会带来忧虑和痛苦。

Her mouth grew stiff with pain and distress.

疼痛和悲伤让她嘴巴发僵。

2.N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词危难;危急;危险 Distress is the state of being in extreme danger and needing urgent help.

【搭配模式】：oft in N

He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.

他担心船可能会遇险。

The constable received a distress call, and saw two youths attacking his colleague.

这名警察收到了求救呼叫，看见两个年轻人正在殴打他的同事。

3.VERB     动词使忧虑;使悲伤;使苦恼 If someone or something distresses you, they cause you to be upset or worried.

【语法信息】：V n

The idea of Toni being in danger distresses him enormously.

想到托尼正处于危险中，他心急如焚。

I did not want to frighten or distress the horse.

我并不想吓到马或惹怒它。

Strict（n.）=tight =严厉的、严格的

/strɪkt/

1.ADJ-GRADED     能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词严明的;严格的;必须恪守的 A strict rule or order is very clear and precise or severe and must always be obeyed completely.

The officials had issued strict instructions that we were not to get out of the jeep...

有关官员严令禁止我们下吉普车。

French privacy laws are very strict...

法国的隐私法非常严苛。

All your replies will be treated in the strictest confidence...

你的所有答复都将绝对保密。

Even if you are on a fairly strict diet you can still go out for a good meal.

即使是在严格地节食，也可以出去吃顿好的。

strictly

The acceptance of new members is strictly controlled.

新成员的吸纳受到严格的限制。

2.ADJ-GRADED     能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词要求严格的;严厉的 If a parent or other person in authority is strict, they regard many actions as unacceptable and do not allow them.

My parents were very strict.

父母对我要求非常严格。

...a few schools selected for their high standards and their strict discipline.

因教学水平高、纪律严而入选的几所学校

strictly

My own mother was brought up very strictly and correctly.

我母亲从小接受严格而规范的教育。

strictness

The girl lied because she resented her parents' strictness.

由于不满父母的严厉态度，这个女孩撒了谎。

3.ADJ-GRADED     能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词严谨的;精确的;严密的 If you talk about the strict meaning of something, you mean the precise meaning of it.

【搭配模式】：ADJ n

It's not quite peace in the strictest sense of the word, rather the absence of war.

严格说来，这并不是真正的和平，只是没有战争罢了。

strictly

See also: strict;

Actually, that is not strictly true...

事实上，严格说来那不是真的。

Strictly speaking, it is not one house at all, but three houses joined together.

严格来说，这根本不是一间房子，而是三间房子连在一起。

4.ADJ 形容词恪守信条的;严格的 You use strict to describe someone who never does things that are against their beliefs.

【搭配模式】：ADJ n

Four million Britons are now strict vegetarians...

目前有400万英国人是严格的素食者。

He was a strict, old-school Freudian.

他是个不折不扣、传统守旧的弗洛伊德学说信奉者。