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(共24张PPT)1、阅读/理解语篇的能力;2、分析句子结构的能力;3、熟练运用语法的能力。1. 语法填空题—能力要求2. 语法填空题—解题步骤1、快速浏览全文，把握文章大意和作者写作意图，总体时态；2、分析句子结构---主谓结构;3、根据上下文把握空格意思。3.语法填空题—空格设计纯空格介词，代词，连词，冠词(情态动词/助动词) （每空1词）有提示词谓语动词：（适当形式：时态/语态）非谓语动词：（to do / doing / done）名词：（可数/不可数/单复数、词类转换）形容词或副词：（词类转换、比较等级）（每空可多个词）3. …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away.4. I still remember taking ___ visiting friend from Canada to a local Black Country pub(酒店) for lunch.考点一：冠词：名词之前There once were a goat (山羊) and a donkey(驴)…. So the farmer killed __________ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.2.When I see a child subject to(受到) this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was ________ shy , nervous perfectionist(完美主义者).考查语法点: 定冠词,不定冠词的用法考点分析无提示词考点二： 介词(1)介词+宾语（名词）(2)不及物动词+介词+宾语1. In short, I believe that it is ________ great use to keep a dairy in English…2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back _________the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen.3. She found some good quality pipes_________ sale.4. He was very tired _____________doing this for a whole day…考查语法点: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配考点分析无提示词：注意固定搭配当空格后的名词(一般前有限定词)、代词或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，那就是作介词的宾语，即填介词。因为名词和代词最典型的用法是在句中作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，那就是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。具体填什么介词,可能是由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定。解题技巧考点三：代词(1)作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格,注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。(2)指示代词,不定代词、反身代词等(3)有关it的特殊句型考查语法点: 代词的基本用法1. She remembered how difficult _________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.2. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _____ .3. It has been said before, but experiencing it myself has made _____ want to say it again: a smile…无提示词因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词:解题技巧在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her等)。考点四：连词或从句引导词两个主谓结构连接Historically, it was famous for industry, which explains_______the area is called the Black Country.2. It got its name during the industrial revolution, _______ factory pollution turned the local skies black and local dust from the mines made the soil the same color.3. Jane paused in front of a counter(柜台) ______ some attractive ties were on display.4. One day, he came up with an idea _____ he would pluck up (拔起)all of his crop a few inches.考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法考点分析无提示词[解题技巧]解题技巧(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and, or, but等。 (2)若两个句子(即两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but, while, when, or 等) 还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。并列句：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句复合句：主句（主＋谓＋宾）＋从句（连接词＋主＋谓）第二部分：有提示词考点五：谓语动词有提示词与主语构成主谓结构1. I was certain she would like it because I _______ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.2. His fear of failure ________ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.3. Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________ (result) in the contrary to our intention.考查语法点: 谓语动词的时态、语态、主谓一致当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑__________、__________、__________、__________等四个方面。【确定时态的3条依据】(1)依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去/现在/将来)，空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据。但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。(2)依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。(3)依据时间状语。如recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, in the past few years常与现在完成时连用；by the end of, since 1980, for three years常与完成时连用。提示：尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态，但近两年全国卷和九年广东卷的高考真题主要考查了一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。解题技巧时态、 语态、 语气、 主谓一致考点六：非谓语动词有提示词非谓语动词及变形的使用1. We must also consider the reaction of the person __________ (receive) the gift.2. …I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left __________ (complete) the rest!3. My pupils, Donnie _________ (include), adored her.4. Before the waitress could even finish describing the menu, my friend looked at me with his eyebrows(眉毛) (raise).当句中已有谓语动词，横线前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词就是非谓语动词（无连则非）。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式(doing, done, to do)。考点七：词性转换有提示词介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词/动词/整个句子1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said [36]__________ (rude).2. As far as I am concerned, my [37] ____________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach.3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _______ (nature) course.4. ____________ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.考查语法点: 各类词性的正确使用及转化当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下5点顺利解决：（1）作主语或宾语用_________形式。（2）在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词(some, any, a lot of等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用_________形式。（3）作定语、表语或补足语用__________形式。（4）作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放在句首修饰全句，用_______。（5）当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。解题技巧考点归纳在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换仅考查了以下3点：(1)形容词→副词。(2)形容词→名词。(3)名词→形容词。考点八：形容词副词的级有提示词通常，有表示范围的in /of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级One of the __________ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher…2. … We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words.When it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of the few words I had learned. I felt __________ (lonely) than I had expected that night.3. Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. Critics call her one of the _________ (great) writers of our time.解题技巧当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境,理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级。注意： 要善于分析语境,辨别省略了than…的隐性比较级。若需要用与该词意义相反的意思，逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀或后缀。1. (2015卷I·65) …seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _________ (painting).2. (2014卷I·49) While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _________(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.考点九：名词做主语或宾语考查语法点: 名词的单复数转化 / (可数与不可数)解题技巧名词在句中的典型用法就是作主语或宾语(位于及物动词或介词后)。如果括号中所给词是名词，又是在句中作主语或宾语时，就无需作词类转换，应考虑是否需要用复数形式。考点归纳关于名词，从近两年的高考题来看，在语法填空中只考查了名词的复数形式，但名词的所有格也是可能要考的。一．根据句子结构，确定词性动词名词形容词副词冠词介词连词代词词性一般有提示词无提示词二．根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形冠词定冠词,不定冠词并列句及复合句非谓语非谓语动词 to do, doing, done 及变形谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致连词介词介词的常用用法及词组搭配词性变化词汇, 构词法谓语动词代词人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词根据语义, 确定词形分析句子,确定词性解题四步走提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据．每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据通读全文,理解大意检查搭配, 前后连贯最后注意：1、重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。2、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。

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