这篇综述描述了纤维素纳米原纤维（CNF）的最新进展，也称为纳米原纤化纤维素（NFC），微原纤化纤维素（MFC）或纤维素纳米纤维，这种材料具有显着的阻隔，机械和胶体性能，低密度，可再生和可生物降解字符。上述特性使CNF在造纸，复合材料，包装，涂料，生物医学和汽车等领域具有广阔的应用前景。在这篇综述中，CNF的生产方法进行了总结，涵盖了原料选择，理解纳米原纤维提取过程所必需的结构和化学方面，常规和新颖的机械崩解技术，以及旨在促进纳米原纤维分离的生物和化学预处理。分馏问题 目的在于从CNF悬浮液中回收残留的微观纤维碎片。另外，讨论了各种形式的CNF的制备，例如悬浮液，水可再分散的粉末，薄膜或纳米纸，水凝胶和气凝胶。

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This review describes the recent advances in production of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), otherwise known as nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) or cellulose nanofibers, a material with significant barrier, mechanical and colloidal properties, low density, renewable and biodegradable character. The above properties make CNF promising for applications in such fields as papermaking, composites, packaging, coatings, biomedicine and automotive. In this review, CNF production methods are summarized, covering raw materials selection, structural and chemical aspects necessary for understanding the nanofibril extraction process, conventional and novel mechanical disintegration techniques, as well as biological and chemical pretreatments aimed at facilitating nanofibril isolation. The issues of fractionation, performed with the objective of retrieving the residual microscopic fiber fragments from CNF suspensions, are addressed. Additionally, the preparation of CNF in various forms, such as suspensions, water-redispersible powders, films or nanopapers, hydrogels and aerogels, is discussed.