在Python和所有其他面向对象编程(OOP)语言的上下文中，对象有两个主要特征：状态和行为。在

可以将构造函数看作是一个工厂，它创建一个具有状态和行为的对象实例。在

State - Any instance or class variables associated to that object.

Behavior - Any instance or class methods

下面是一个用Python编写的类的示例，用于说明其中的一些概念。在class Dog:

SOUND = 'woof'

def __init__(self, name):

"""Creates a new instance of the Dog class.

This is the constructor in Python.

The underscores are pronounced dunder so this function is called

dunder init.

"""

# this is an instance variable.

# every time you instantiate an object (call the constructor)

# you must provide a name for the dog

self._name = name

def name(self):

"""Gets the name of the dog."""

return self._name

@classmethod

def bork(cls):

"""Makes the noise Dogs do.

Look past the @classmethod as this is a more advanced feature of Python.

Just know that this is how you would create a class method in Python.

This is a little hairy.

"""

print(cls.SOUND)

虽然我同意这个问题有点模糊的评论。请更具体一点，但我提供的答案是Python中的类和对象的快速概述。在