在 CAS 数据库中，索引项的摘要文本、关键词短语和文本修饰短语中的术语会自动生成某些缩写和首字母缩略词。大多数缩写在 1982 年之前就已使用。用户需要了解此类标准缩写和首字母缩略词，以便在搜索配置文件中使用它们并在文本中识别它们。

在本文档中，共两个列表列出了 CAS 出版物和服务中自动生成的缩写和首字母缩略词。为了引导用户使用需要包含在他们的搜索配置文件中的缩写，列表 A 按缩写的完整术语的字母顺序排列。在线搜索 CAS 缩写词或首字母缩略词时，请勿使用句点。为了解释文本中遇到的缩写，列表 B 按缩写和首字母缩略词的字母顺序排列。

除了专门列为标准缩写和首字母缩略词的术语外，以下类型的单词也会自动生成缩写：

标题中的术语不会自动生成标准缩写和首字母缩略词。但是，标题中可能会出现作者使用的缩写。

除了标准的、自动生成的缩写和首字母缩略词之外，其他首字母缩略词、原子符号（例如 Cl、Sb）和分子式（例如 NaCl）也可用于 CAS 出版物和服务中。

缩写“-ol” 也可以应用于形容词形式，如“pharmacologic(al)”、副词形式，如 “pharmacologically” 以及前缀形式，如以“-ology”结尾的术语“neuropharmacology”。

缩写“-og” 也可以应用于形容词形式，如“geographic(al)”、副词形式，如 “geographically” 以及前缀形式，如以“-ography”结尾的术语“paleogeography”。

* 参见“标准缩写和首字母缩略词”，列表 A 表示完整的术语列表，如有前缀，通常会缩写。

在 STN 上的 CAS 书目文件中，例如 CAplus 或 CA，您可以自动检索 CAS 缩写。只需在箭头提示下输入命令“设置缩写打开”和“设置复数打开”。

“设置缩写打开”时，将为“基本索引”中搜索的所有术语或组成“基本索引”的特定字段生成缩写。若找到任何缩写，则会弹出单独通知行。当您“设置复数打开”时，您还会自动检索多个缩写。

“设置缩写”默认为“关闭”。若要在会话中包含所有“搜索”和“查询”命令的缩写，请在箭头提示下输入“设置缩写打开”。若要保留当前会话之外的“打开”设置，请输入“设置缩写打开执行”。

并非所有 CAS 标准缩写都可用于“设置缩写”。大多数单位和多字术语的 CAS 缩写已被删除，以便将误报和不相关检索降至最低。若要查看添加缩写的术语列表，请在文件中的箭头提示 (=>) 处输入“求助缩写”。有关此“设置”命令的更多信息，请在箭头提示下输入“求助设置缩写”。

* 术语的复数不能通过添加“s”进行自动缩写。

# 如有前缀，这些词通常会缩写。例如，请参阅列表 A 之前的“一些常见前缀术语的缩写”列表。

** 有关计算机可读文件中的表示，请参阅“计算机可读文件中字符和符号列表”。

A

ampere (unit)

angstrom (unit)

abs.

absolute

abstr.

abstract

a.c.

alternating current

ACTH

adrenocorticotropin

addn.

addition

addnl.

additional(ly)

ADP

adenosine 5'-diphosphate

alc.

alcohol(ic)

aliph.

aliphatic

alk.

alkaline

alky.

alkalinity

AMP

adenosine 5'-monophosphate

amt.

amount

amu

atomic mass unit

anal.

analysis, analytical(ly)

anhyd.

anhydrous

AO

atomic orbital

app.

apparatus

approx.

approximate(ly)

approxn.

approximation

APW

augmented plane wave

aq.

aqueous

arom.

aromatic

assoc.

associate

assocd.

associated

assocg.

associating

assocn.

association

asym.

asymmetric(al)(ly)

at.

atomic

atm

atmosphere (unit)

atm.

atmospheric

ATP

adenosine 5'-triphosphate

ATPase

adenosine triphosphatase

av.

average

AVE

all valence electron

bbl

barrel (unit)

bcc.

body centered cubic

BCS

bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer

BOD

biochemical oxygen demand

b.p.

boiling point

Bq

becquerel (unit)

Btu

British thermal unit

Bu

butyl (normal)

bu

bushel (unit)

mB

Bohr magneton (unit)

C

coulomb (unit)

C

degree Celsius (centigrade) (unit)

cal

calorie (unit)

calc.

calculate

calcd.

calculated

calcg.

calculating

calcn.

calculation

cAMP

cyclic AMP

c.d.

current density

CD

circular dichroism

CDP

cytidine 5'-diphosphate

CEPA

coupled electron pair approximation

cfm

cubic feet per minute (unit)

cGMP

cyclic GMP

chem.

chemical(ly), chemistry

CI

configuration interaction

Ci

curie (unit)

clin.

clinical(ly)

CM-cellulose

carboxymethyl cellulose

CMP

cytidine 5'-monophosphate

CNDO

complete neglect of differential overlap

CoA

coenzyme A

COD

chemical oxygen demand

coeff.

coefficient

com.

commercial(ly)

compd.

compound

compn.

composition

ConA

concanavalin A

conc.

concentrate

concd.

concentrated

concg.

concentrating

concn.

concentration

cond.

conductivity

const.

constant

contg.

containing

cor.

corrected

CP

chemically pure

CPA

coherent potential approximation

crit.

critical

cryst.

crystalline

crystd

crystallised

crystg

crystallising

crystn

crystallisation

crystd.

crystallized

crystg.

crystallizing

crystn.

crystallization

CTP

cytidine 5'-triphosphate

cwt

hundred weight (unit)

D

debye unit

d.

density

d.c.

direct current

DEAE-cellulose

diethylaminoethyl cellulose

decomp.

decompose

decompd.

decomposed

decompg.

decomposing

decompn.

decomposition

degrdn.

degradation

deriv.

derivative

det.

determine

detd.

determined

detg.

determining

detn.

determination

diam.

diameter

dil.

dilute

dild.

diluted

dilg.

diluting

diln.

dilution

DIM

diatomics-in-molecules

dissoc.

dissociate

dissocd.

dissociated

dissocg.

dissociating

dissocn.

dissociation

distd.

distilled

distg.

distilling

distn.

distillation

DMF

dimethylformamide

DMSO

dimethyl sulfoxide

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

DNase

deoxyribonuclease

d.p.

degree of polymerization

dpm

disintegrations per minute (unit)

DTA

differential thermal analysis

ECG

electrocardiogram

ED

effective dose

EDTA

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

EEG

electroencephalogram

EHMO

extended Hueckel molecular orbital

elec.

electric(al)(ly)

ELISA

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

emf.

electromotive force

emu

electromagnetic unit

equil.

equilibrium

equiv

equivalent (unit)

equiv.

equivalent

esp.

especially

ESR

electron spin resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance

est.

estimate

estd.

estimated

estg.

estimating

estn.

estimation

esu

electrostatic unit

Et

ethyl

eV

electron volt (unit)

evap.

evaporate

evapd.

evaporated

evapg.

evaporating

evapn.

evaporation

examd.

examined

examg.

examining

examn.

examination

expt.

experiment

exptl.

experimental(ly)

ext.

extract

extd.

extracted

extg.

extracting

extn.

extraction

F

farad

F

degree Fahrenheit (unit)

FAD

flavin adenine dinucleotide

fcc.

face centered cubic

fermn.

fermentation

FMN

flavin mononucleotide

f.p.

freezing point

FSGO

floating spherical Gaussian orbital

FSH

follicle-stimulating hormone

ft

foot (unit)

ft-lb

foot-pound (unit)

g

gram (unit)

g

gravitational constant

G

gauss (unit)

gal

gallon (unit)

GDP

guanosine 5'-diphosphate

GeV

billion electron volts (unit)

GMP

guanosine 5'-monophosphate

GTO

Gaussian-type orbital

GTP

guanosine 5'-triphosphate

Gy

gray (absorbed radiation dose) (unit)

h

hour (unit)

H

henry (unit)

ha

hectare (unit)

HAM

hydrogenic atoms in molecules

Hb

hemoglobin

hcp

hexagonal close-packed

HMO

Hueckel molecular orbital

HOMO

highest occupied molecular orbital

Hz

hertz (cycles/sec) (unit)

ICSH

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

ID

inhibitory dose

IDP

inosine 5'-diphosphate

IEHMO

iterative extended Hueckel molecular orbital

IEPA

independent electron pair approximation

Ig

immunoglobulin

i.m.

intramuscular(ly)

IMP

inosine 5'-monophosphate

in.

inch (unit)

INDO

intermediate neglect of differential overlap

i.p.

intraperitoneal(ly)

IR

infrared

irradn.

irradiation

ITP

inosine 5'-triphosphate

IU

international unit

i.v.

intravenous(ly)

J

joule (unit)

K

kelvin (unit)

L

liter (unit)

lab.

laboratory

lb

pound (unit)

LCAO

linear combination of atomic orbitals

LCFC

linear combination of fragment configuration

LD

lethal dose

LEED

low energy electron diffraction

LH

luteinizing hormone

liq.

liquid

lm

lumen (unit)

LUMO

lowest unoccupied molecular orbital

lx

lux (unit)

m

meter (unit)

m

olal (unit)

M

molar (unit)

m.

melts at, melting at

manuf.

manufacture

manufd.

manufactured

manufg.

manufacturing

math.

mathematical(ly)

max.

maximum

MC-SCF

multiconfigurational self-consistent field

Me

methyl (not metal)

mech.

mechanical(ly) (not mechanism)

metab.

metabolism

MHD

magnetohydrodynamics

mi

mile (unit)

MIM

molecules-in-molecules

min

minute (unit)

min.

minimum(s)

misc.

miscellaneous

mixt.

mixture

MNDO

modified neglect of diatomic overlap

mo

month (unit)

MO

molecular orbital

mol

mole (unit)

mol.

molecule, molecular

m.p.

melting point

mph

miles per hour (unit)

mRNA

messenger RNA

MSH

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Mx

maxwell (unit)

NAD

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADP

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NDDO

neglect of diatomic differential overlap

neg.

negative(ly)

NMN

nicotinamide mononucleotide

NMR

nuclear magnetic resonance

NNDO

neglect of nonbonded differential overlap

no.

number

NQR

nuclear quadruple resonance

obsd.

observed

Oe

oersted (unit)

O

ohm (unit)

ORD

optical rotatory dispersion

org.

organic

oxidn.

oxidation

oz

ounce

P

poise (unit)

Pa

pascal (unit)

p.d.

potential difference

Ph

phenyl

phys.

physical(ly)

PMO

perturbational molecular orbital

PNDO

partial neglect of differential overlap

polymd

polymerised

polymg

polymerising

polymn

polymerisation

polymd.

polymerized

polymg.

polymerizing

polymn.

polymerization

pos.

positive(ly)

powd.

powdered

ppb

parts per billion (unit)

ppm

parts per million (unit)

PPP

Pariser-Parr-Pople

ppt.

precipitate

pptd.

precipitated

pptg.

precipitating

pptn.

precipitation

Pr

propyl (normal)

prep.

prepare

prepd.

prepared

prepg.

preparing

prepn.

preparation

prodn.

production

psi

pounds per square inch (unit)

psia

pounds per square inch absolute (unit)

psig

pounds per square inch gage (unit)

pt

pint (unit)

purifn.

purification

qt

quart (unit)

qual.

Qualitative(ly)

quant.

quantitative(ly)

R

roentgen (unit)

redn.

reduction

ref.

reference

rem

roentgen equivalent man (unit)

rep

roentgen equivalent physical (unit)

reprodn.

reproduction

resoln.

resolution

resp.

respective(ly)

RHEED

reflection high energy electron diffraction

RHF

restricted Hartree-Fock

RNA

ribonucleic acid

RNase

ribonuclease

RPA

random phase approximation

rRNA

ribosomal RNA

rpm

revolutions per minute (unit)

RQ

respiratory quotient

s

second (unit)

S

siemens (unit)

sapon.

saponification

sapond.

saponified

sapong.

saponifying

sat.

saturate

satd.

saturated

satg.

saturating

satn.

saturation

s.c.

subcutaneous(ly)

SCE

saturated calomel electrode

SCF

self-consistent field

SEM

scanning electron microscopy

sep.

separate(ly)

sepd.

separated

sepg.

separating

sepn.

separation

sol.

soluble

soln.

solution

soly.

solubility

sp.

gr. specific gravity

sp.

vol. specific volume

sp.

wt. specific weight

sr

steradian (unit)

St

stokes (unit)

std.

standard

STO

Slater-type orbital

sym.

symmetric(al)(ly)

T

tesla (unit)

tbs

tablespoon (unit)

TEAE-cellulose

triethylaminoethyl cellulose

tech.

technical(ly)

temp.

temperature

theor.

theoretical(ly)

thermodn.

thermodynamic(s)

THF

tetrahydrofuran

titrn.

titration

TSH

thyroid-stimulating hormone

tsp

teaspoon (unit)

UDP

uridine 5'-diphosphate

UHF

unrestricted Hartree-Fock

UMP

uridine 5'-monophosphate

UPS

UV photoelectron spectroscopy

USP

United States Pharmacopeia

UTP

uridine 5'-triphosphate

UV

ultraviolet

V

volt (unit)

vol.

volume

W

watt (unit)

Wb

weber (unit)

wk

week (unit)

wt.

weight

XPS

x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

yd

yard (unit)

yr

year (unit)

ZDO

zero differential overlap

在计算机可读文件中，罗马字母和数字的所有字符的表示方式与 CAS 出版物中的相同。但是，斜体、粗体或小写大写字母等未做特殊标记。另外，上标和下标也未特别标记，出现在一行中。

特殊规范用于表示计算机可读文件中的某些字符和符号。此类规范显示在以下列表中。可在计算机可读文件中搜索一些字符和符号。搜索术语时，使用不带句点的表示。

符号

CAS 表示

描述

A

.ALPHA.

Alpha

B

.BETA.

Beta

Γ

.GAMMA.

Gamma

Δ

.DELTA.

Delta

E

.EPSILON.

Epsilon

Z

.ZETA.

Zeta

H

.ETA.

Eta

Θ

.THETA.

Theta

I

.IOTA.

Iota

K

.KAPPA.

Kappa

Λ

.LAMBDA.

Lambda

M

.MU.

Mu

N

.NU.

Nu

Ξ

.XI.

Xi

Ο

.OMICRON.

Omicron

Π

.PI.

Pi

P

.RHO.

Rho

Σ

.SIGMA.

Sigma

T

.TAU.

Tau

Y

.UPSILON.

Upsilon

Φ

.PHI.

Phi

X

.CHI.

Chi

Ψ

.PSI.

Psi

Ω

.OMEGA.

Omega

α

.alpha.

Alpha

β

.beta.

Beta

γ

.gamma.

Gamma

δ

.delta.

Delta

∂

.vdelta.

Delta (variant)

ε

.epsilon.

Epsilon

ϵ

.vepsiln.

Epsilon (variant)

ζ

.zeta.

Zeta

η

.eta.

Eta

θ

.theta.

Theta

ϑ

.vtheta.

Theta (variant)

ι

.iota.

Iota

κ

.kappa.

Kappa

𝛞

.vkappa.

Kappa (variant)

λ

.lambda.

Lambda

μ

.mu.

Mu

ν

.nu.

Nu

ξ

.xi.

Xi

ο

.omicron.

Omicron

π

.pi.

Pi

ϖ

.vpi.

Pi (variant)

ρ

.rho.

Rho

σ

.sigma.

Sigma

ς

.vsigma.

Sigma (variant)

τ

.tau.

Tau

υ

.upsilon.

Upsilon

ϕ

.phi.

Phi

φ

.vphi.

Phi (variant)

χ

.chi.

Chi

ψ

.psi.

Psi

ω

.omega.

Omega

符号

CAS 表示

描述

Ð

.angle.

Angle

Å

.ANG.

Angstrom Unit

≜

.apprch.

Approaches

≈

.apprxeq.

Approximately Equal

~

.apprx.

Approximates (similar)

§

.bdintg.

Bounded Integral

□

.box.

Box

•

.bul.

Bullet (12 pt. center dot)

¢

.cents.

Cent

×

.cntdot.

Center Dot

Ì

.cntnd.

Contained in

É

.cntns.

Contains

©

.copyrgt.

Copyright

Ä

.crosprd.

Cross Product

†

.dag.

Dagger

-

-

Dash/Minus

°

.degree.

Degree

Ñ

.del.

Del (Nabla)

¸

.div.

Division

⇻

.dnreslt.

Does Not Result in

⇆

.dblarw.

Double Arrow

‡

.dbldag.

Double Dagger

⇋

.dblharw.

Double Half Arrows

‡

.++.

Double Plus

‖

.dblvert.

Double Vertical

¯

.dwnarw.

Down Arrow

→

.fwdarw.

Forward Arrow

↷

.fwdcarw.

Forward Curved Arrow

≥

.gtoreq.

Greater Than or Equal

≳

.gtorsim.

Greater Than or Similar

≡

.ident.

Identity

∞

.infin.

Infinity

∫

.intg.

Integral

Ç

.intrsec.

Intersection

◜

.ltbbrac.

Left Broken Bracket

£

.ltoreq.

Less Than or Equal

≲

.ltorsim.

Less Than or Similar

.lbdabar.

Lambda Bar

Î

.member.

Member of

∓

.-+.

Minus-Plus

≫

.mchgt.

Much Greater Than

≪

.mchlt.

Much Less Than

Ï

.notmbr.

Not a Member of

≠

.noteq.

Not Equal

⊙

.sun.

Of Sun

⠁

.ovrhdot.

Overhead Dot

⁼

.ovrhdbr.

Overhead Double Bar

‰

.permill.

Per Mill

^

.perp.

Perpendicular

h

.plcnst.

Planck’s Constant

±

.+-.

Plus-Minus

£

.pnd.

Pound Sterling

¢

‘

Prime/apostrophe

Õ

.product.

Product

Ò

.RTM.

Registered Trade Mark

←

.rarw.

Reverse Arrow

↶

.rcarw.

Reverse Curved Arrow

←

.rscharw.

Reverse Surface Chemistry Arrow

◝

.rtbbrac.

Right Broken Bracket

A

.SCRIPTA.

Script A

ℬ

.SCRIPTB.

Script B

C

.SCRIPTC.

Script C

D

.SCRIPTD.

Script D

E

.SCRIPTE.

Script E

ℱ

.SCRIPTF.

Script F

G

.SCRIPTG.

Script G

ℌ

.SCRIPTH.

Script H

ℒ

.SCRIPTL.

Script L

P

.SCRIPTP.

Script P

ℜ

.SCRIPTR.

Script R

S

.SCRIPTS.

Script S

≃

.simeq.

Similar or Equal

√

.sqroot.

Square Root

∑

.sum.

Sum

→

.scharw.

Surface Chemistry Arrow

Å

.sym.

Symmetry

«

.tautm.

Tautomer

´

.times.

Times

⁝

.tplbond.

Triple Bond

È

.union.

Union

↑

.uparw.

Up Arrow

µ

.varies.

Varies

®

.vector.

Vector

¯

.hivin.

Vinculum (high)

_

.lovin.

Vinculum (low)

¥

.yen.

Yen

注意：修饰字符（例如，括线）的符号位于字符之前（即 A 变为.hivin.A）。