不定式和现在分词作后置定语的区别

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不定式和现在分词作后置定语的区别

2024-07-16 11:48| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

With a hard job in a crayon factory in Wenzhou, he does not find much time to visit his home town. 

参考译文:他因在蜡笔厂有份苦差事,他抽不出时间来去看望/参观他的家乡。

with a hard job in a crayon factory in Wenzhou, 这个是介词的复合结构,在句中作原因状语,结构为:"with +n.+prepostional phrase" 即“with+名词+介词短语”

这里 to visit 应该是作后置定语吧!看句意好像是表用途,时间是用来看望家乡的,不过好像又有点目的状语的感觉,这里是否能填现在分词?请老师分析一下,现在分词和不定式作后置定语的区别。谢谢!

解答如下:

以上为不定式作后置定语用法

A:判断不定式作状语还是定语方法如下

(1)不定式作定语与被修饰词存在一种逻辑主谓关系或者动宾关系,同位语,动状关系,

find time to visit his hometown 

=find time in which he visits his hometown(属于动状语关系)

(2)不定式作状语,一般都是说明动作的目的,可以把不定式提前到句首,句子意思也说的通。即为不定式作状语

He got up early to catch the first bus.

=To catch the first bus , he got up early.

B:不定式作定语和现在分词作后置区别如下

(1)不定式作定语表示已经将要发生的动作

The first person to come here will get a gift.

(2)现在分词作定语表示正在发生动作行为

The boy talking to the teacher is called Tom.

不定式作定语结构为:名词/代词+to do 用法拓展讲解如下

一,不定式与所修饰词之间主要存在以下几种逻辑关系

1. 主谓关系

被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。

We need someone to help with the work. (someone will help with the work) 我们需要有人来帮忙干这工作。

She is always the first person to reach the company.

她总是第一个达到公司的人。

2. 动宾关系

被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。

I have many letters to write. (to write many letters)

我有许多信要写。

He has many letters to answer.

他有很多信件要回复。

3. 同位关系

不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。(不定式为解释前面名词具体内容)

We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 

我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。

He has made a plan to learn English.

他制定了一个学习英语的计划。

4. 状语关系

被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多是抽象名词。

That's the way to do it. 

那样做才对。

The quickest way to travel is by plane.

旅行最快的方式是乘坐飞机。

The best way to learn English is to live in an English-speaking country.

学习英语的最好方法是去说英语国家生活。I have no time to go there. 

我没有时间去那儿。二、 不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,而该不定式为不及物动词时,其后须加上适当的介词,构成及物动词短语。 I am looking for a room to live in. 

我正在找一间屋子住。I need a piece of paper to write on. 

我需要一张写字用的纸。There is nothing to worry about. 

没什么可担心的。不定式作定语且所修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后的介词一般要省去。He had no money and no place to live.

他没有钱也没有地方住。三、 当不定式修饰的名词或代词为不定式动作的承受者时,不定式主动形式与被动形式的含义有所不同。试对比:There is nothing to do. 

无事可做。(有"无聊感")There is nothing to be done. 

不能做什么了。(即"束手无策"了)There is nothing to see. 

没有东西值得看。There is nothing to be seen. 

什么东西也看不见。

备注,不定式,动名词,现在分词作定语区别如下

(1)不定式作定语表示一种将要去执行某个动作行为/或者解释名词具体内容/或者做某事的方式/时间

a plan to go abroad .

a way to learn English

the person to help me with my English

much work to do 

(2)动名词作定语表示后面名词“一种用途和功能”

a swimming pool.=a pool for swimming=a pool which is used for swimming

a sleeping bag=a bag for sleeping=a bag which is used for sleeping

a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing

a waiting room=a room for waiting=a room which is used for waiting

(3)现在分词作定语表示名词“正在执行某个动作行为”

a sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping

a moving train=a train which is moving

a running horse=a horse that is running

a crying girl=a girl who is crying



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