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专题17 词性转换1.（2022·上海中考真题）Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）（本大题共8题，每题1分，共8分）40. There are many different _________ in that small garden. （plant）【答案】plants【解析】【详解】句意：那个小花园里有许多不同的植物。plant“植物”，名词；many修饰可数名词的复数，故用其复数形式。故填plants。41. Lily is reading the _________ story in the book about Chinese history. （six）【答案】sixth【解析】【详解】句意：莉莉正在读关于中国历史的书中的第六个故事。six是基数词，结合“the...story”可知此处应用序数词表示顺序，故填sixth。42. He learned how to make zongzi by _________ on the Dragon Boat Festival. （he）【答案】himself【解析】【详解】句意：他在端午节自学包粽子。by oneself“独自”，主语是He，反身代词用himself，故填himself。43. These tips are _________ to improve your social skills. Why not take them （use）【答案】used【解析】【详解】句意：这些建议是用来提高你的社交技能的。为什么不采用呢？固定短语be used to do sth“被用来做某事”。故填used。44. More citizens agree to be green travelers so as to reduce air _________. （pollute）【答案】pollution【解析】【详解】句意：更多的市民同意成为绿色旅行者，以减少空气污染。根据“reduce air”可知，此处是减少空气污染。pollution“污染”，不可数名词。故填pollution。45. The journalist hoped to _________ the brave act of the fireman. （reporter）【答案】report【解析】【详解】句意：新闻记者希望报道消防员的勇敢行为。reporter“记者”，名词。hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，故空格处用动词原形report“报道”。故填report。46. With the help of his workmates, he was able to operate the machine _________. （correct）【答案】correctly【解析】【详解】句意：在同事的帮助下，他能够正确地操作机器。correct“正确的”，形容词；此处用其副词形式correctly，修饰动词operate。故填correctly。47. If you are _________ to get lost, calm down and look for possible help. （lucky）【答案】unlucky【解析】【详解】句意：如果你不幸迷路，冷静下来，寻求可能的帮助。lucky“幸运的”，是形容词，根据“get lost”可知是指不幸的，unlucky符合语境，故填unlucky。2.（2021·上海中考真题）plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词）24．I live near my school. It takes me only ten ________ to walk there. (minute)【答案】minutes【详解】句意：我住在学校附近。步行去那里只需要十分钟。minute分钟，是名词，有数词ten修饰，用复数名词，故填minutes。25．Lily and Mary have known each other for ________ years. (seventh)【答案】seven【详解】句意：莉莉和玛丽互相认识七年了。seventh第七，是序数词，修饰复数名词years，用基数词，故填seven。26．The Bund attracts many people with ________ beautiful night view. (it)【答案】its【详解】句意：外滩以其美丽的夜景吸引了许多人。it它，是主格形式，修饰名词短语beautiful night view可知，此处用形容词性物主代词，故填its。27．The organization has set strict rules on the release of ________ chemicals. (harm)【答案】harmful【详解】句意：该组织对有害化学物质的排放制定了严格的规定。harm伤害，是名词，修饰名词chemicals，用形容词，故填harmful。28．Without the glasses, he can’t see the words on the blackboard ________. (clear)【答案】clearly【详解】句意：没有眼镜，他看不清黑板上的字。空处修饰句中的动词see，应用副词，clear形容词，副词是clearly。故填clearly。29．Tony has made up his mind to be a soldier to ________ the country after graduation. (service)【答案】service【详解】句意：托尼决心毕业后当兵报国。service服务，动词；空前有to，动词不定式作目的状语，所以此处用动词原形。故填service。30．Shanghai Museum has a large ________ of works of art from home and abroad. (collect)【答案】collection【详解】句意：上海博物馆收藏了大量的国内外艺术品。collect“收集”，动词；根据“a large...of”可知，空处应填入一个名词，collection“收藏品”，名词。故填collection。31．Some rainforests are likely to ________ if we don’t take action to protect them. (appear)【答案】disappear【详解】句意：如果我们不采取行动保护一些雨林，它们可能会消失。appear出现，动词；根据“if we don’t take action to protect them”可知，此处表示雨林可能会消失，disappear“消失”，动词；be likely to do sth.表示“可能会做某事”，此处应用动词原形。故填disappear。3.（2020·上海中考真题）plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词）54．Nowadays，many_____have been used to work in dangerous situations．（robot）55．Uncle Andy tried_____different jobs，and finally chose to be a lawyer．（tenth）56．The boy started to live in school and learn to manage time by_____．（he）57．Lily asked her son to close the door_____in order not to disturb others．（soft）58．On_____days,leaves fall on the ground and the road looks beautiful.（wind）59．If you_____red and yellow，what colour will you get？（mixture）60．Thanks to the_____of the smart phone，it's convenient to take photos anytime．（invent）61．Sitting in front of the screen for too long is_____．It's bad for your eyes．（healthy）54．【答案】robots【解析】句意：现在，许多机器人已经被用来在危险的情况下工作。many“许多”修饰可数名词robot的复数robots“机器人”。故填robots。55．【答案】ten【解析】句意：安迪叔叔尝试了十种不同的工作，最后选择了当律师。tenth第十，序数词。这里表示"十种不同的工作"，用基数词ten。故答案为ten。56．【答案】himself【解析】句意：这个男孩开始住校，学会自己管理时间。by oneself“独自，单独”，固定搭配；又根据主语the boy可知，用主格he的反身代词himself“他自己”，故填himself。57．【答案】softly【解析】句意：莉莉叫儿子轻轻把门关上，以免打扰别人。副词修饰动词，空格在动宾短语close the door后面，故填soft的副词形式softly。58．【答案】windy【解析】句意：在刮风天，树叶落在地上，路看起来很美。wind风，名词；这里修饰名词days天，用形容词windy刮风的；故填windy。59．【答案】mix【解析】句意：如果你把红色和黄色混合，你会得到什么颜色？mixture混合物，名词；句子缺少谓语动词，if引导的条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态；从句主语you，第二人称，一般现在时态，谓语动词用原形mix混合；故填mix。60．【答案】invention【解析】句意：由于智能手机的发明，任何时候拍照都很方便。invent发明，动词；这里是the+名词+of的结构，the invention of...……的发明，故填invention。61．【答案】unhealthy【解析】句意：长时间坐在屏幕前不利于健康。这对你的眼睛不好。空处需用形容词作表语，根据It's bad for your eyes．可知，空处需用healthy对应的形容词unhealthy"不健康的"，此处表示长时间坐在屏幕前不利于健康。故答案为unhealthy。4.（2019·上海中考真题）plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词）29. Mr.Smith bought three______of local snacks for the exchange students.（box）30. On the______page of the book，there is an encouraging story.（eight）31. Don't easily follow a fashion.Being______is the best rule.（you）32. Online libraries are______used for learning in the information age.（wide）33. Finally，Jack achieved his goal and became the______of a company.（own）34. The main purpose of the charity project is to offer help to______people.（home）35. When Andy was______about his lost smart phone，his friend gave him a big hug.（happy）36. Hard work pays off.I believe you will______your dream school.（entrance）29.【答案】boxes【解析】句意：史密斯先生为交换生买了三盒当地小吃。这里是说三盒。Three+名词复数。box的复数是boxes。根据句意，故填boxes。30.【答案】eighth【解析】句意：在这本书的第八页，有一个令人鼓舞的故事。这里表示第几页用序数词，eight的序数词是eighth。根据题意，故填eighth。31.【答案】yourself【解析】句意：不要轻易跟随潮流。做你自己是最好的准则。这里是说做你自己，用反身代词，you的反身代词是yourself，意思是“你自己”，根据句意，故填yourself。32.【答案】widely【解析】句意：网络图书馆在信息时代被广泛用于学习。这里是副词修饰动词，wide的副词是widely，意思是“宽广地”，根据句意，故填widely。33.【答案】owner【解析】句意：最后，杰克实现了他的目标，成为了一家公司的老板。The owner of a company表示一个公司的老板。根据句意，故填owner。34.【答案】homeless【解析】句意：慈善项目的主要目的是帮助无家可归的人。这里是说无家可归的人。homeless people表示无家可归的人。根据句意，故填homeless。35.【答案】unhappy【解析】句意：当安迪由于丢失智能手机不高兴时，他的朋友给了他一个大大的拥抱。根据下文about his lost smart phone可知上文是说不开心的。unhappy的意思是“不开心的”，根据句意，故填unhappy。36.【答案】enter【解析】句意：努力工作是有回报的。我相信你会进入你梦想中的学校。Will+动词原形，entrance名词，这里用动词，enter意思是“进入”，根据句意，故填enter。5.（2018·上海中考真题）plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词）54. My cousin likes to collect __________in his spare time. (stamp)55. Look! The_______lady from the left in the photo is my favourite teacher. (six)56. Jessie cooked a meal for her big family by______on New Years Eve. (she)57. Shirley is an early bird. It was_____for her to be late for school today.(usual)58. Fortunately, no one was______hurt in the earthquake several weeks ago.(serious)59.The ____of Al(人工智能) will enable us to learn more about our brains.( develop)60. I will never____the days I spent with my host family in Britain. (forgetful)61. As we all know, a ___ driver is always a danger to the public.(care)54.【答案】stamps【解析】收集邮票 名词复数55.【答案】sixth【解析】第六个，序数词56.【答案】herself【解析】反身代词，“by herself”她自己57.【答案】unusual【解析】用形容词，“是个早起的人，所以迟对她来说是不寻常的”58.【答案】seriously【解析】修饰动词 hurt 用副词 seriously59.【答案】development【解析】用名词，the development of sth. “….的发展”60.【答案】forget【解析】需要动词原形，forget61.【答案】careless【解析】形容词作定语，危险的应该是粗心的司机，所以用“careless”6.（2017·上海中考真题）plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词）54．A seat belt can help protect passengers in many car　　．（accident）55．Last week the students went skating and enjoyed　　 very much．（them）56．My school is going to have an open day on the　　 of next month．（ten）57．Failure isn't always bad．It can teach you　　 lessons．（use）58．For your　　，smoking is not allowed during the whole flight．（safe）59．Our manager greeted the guest　　 with a smile at the entrance．（polite）60．Scientists often　　 that farmers use natural ways to grow fruits．（suggestion）61．When they felt　　 after the flood，the charity offered them food and clothes．（help）54.【答案】accidents【解析】句意：安全带在许多车祸中有助于保护乘客．根据A seat belt can help protect passengers in many car﹣﹣．（accident）可知安全带在许多车祸中有助于保护乘客．这里many表示许多，后面跟名词复数形式．故填accidents．　55.【答案】themselves【解析】句意：上周学生们去滑冰，玩得很开心．根据Last week the students went skating and enjoyed﹣﹣very much．（them）可知上周学生们去滑冰，玩得很开心．句子中enjoy oneself表示玩的高兴的意思，这里和the students 保持一致，应该用themselves，故填themselves．56.【答案】tenth【解析】句意：我们学校下个月的10号将会有一个开放日．根据My school is going to have an open day on the﹣﹣of next month．（ten）可知我们学校下个月的10号将会有一个开放日．这里表示日期，应该用序数词形式，故填tenth．57.【答案】useful【解析】句意：失败并不总是坏事，它能教给你有用的教训．根据Failure isn't always bad．It can teach you﹣﹣lessons．可知失败并不总是坏事，它能教给你有用的教训．lessons是个名词复数形式，前面应该用形容词，useful，形容词，有用的．故填useful．　58.【答案】safety【解析】句意：为了您的安全，在整个飞行过程中不允许吸烟．根据For your﹣﹣，smoking is not allowed during the whole flight．（safe）可知为了您的安全，在整个飞行过程中不允许吸烟．这里your是个形容词性物主代词，后面应该跟名词形式，safety，名词，安全．故填safety．　59.【答案】politely【解析】句意：我们的经理在入口处微笑着礼貌地向客人致意．根据Our manager greeted the guest﹣﹣with a smile at the entrance．（polite）可知我们的经理在入口处微笑着礼貌地向客人致意．这里修饰动词应该用副词形式，politely，副词，有礼貌地，故填politely．　60.【答案】suggest【解析】句意：科学家们经常建议农民用自然的方法种植水果．根据Scientists often﹣﹣that farmers use natural ways to grow fruits．（suggestion）可知科学家们经常建议农民用自然的方法种植水果．句子缺少谓语，所以这里应该用一个动词形式，often表示经常，通常用于一般现在时之中，suggest，动词，建议．故填suggest．　61.【答案】helpless【解析】句意：当洪水过后他们感到无助时，慈善组织给他们提供了食物和衣服．根据When they felt﹣﹣after the flood，the charity offered them food and clothes．（help）可知当洪水过后他们感到无助时，慈善组织给他们提供了食物和衣服．这里feel是个系动词，后面跟形容词形式，再根据after the flood，可知洪水过后应该是感到无助，所以用helpless，形容词，无助的．故填helpless．附：词性转换分类汇总1．动词转换为名词的常见方式1)“动词+ion”例如：pollute→ pollution, invent→ invention, discuss→ discussion, decide→ decision注意：review→ revision solve→ solution2)“动词去e+ ation”例如：invite→ invitation，organize→ organization3)“动词+er”例如: work→ worker, teach→ teacher, write→ writerspeak→ speaker, run→ runner, win→ winner4)“动词+ or"例如：invent→ inventor, act→ actor, visit→ visitor, calculate→ calculator5)“动词+ing"例如：build→ building, begin→ beginning, paint→ painting, mean→ meaning6)“动词十ment"例如：develop→ development, amuse→ amusement7)“动词十ress"例如：wait→ waitress, act→ actress8)“动词十ance"例如：appear→ appearance, perform →performance9)其他serve—service 服务 speak—speech 演讲 fish—fisherman 渔夫enter—entrance 入口 know—knowledge 知识 weigh—weight 重量please—pleasure 愉快 choose—choice选择 tour—tourist 游客die—death 死亡 succeed—success 成功 fly—flight 航班memorize—memory 记忆 mix—mixture 混合物 cook—cook/cooker 厨师/厨具save—safety 安全 act—activity 活动 able—ability 能力2．动词转换为形容词的常见方式1) “动词+ive"例如：act→ active, attract→ attractive2) “动词+ able"例如：change→ changeable, enjoy→ enjoyable3) “动词+ing"例如：excite→ exciting, follow→ following，freeze—freezing 寒冷的/ （frozen 冷冻的）4) “动词+ ed"例如：frighten→ frightened, bore→ bored5)“动词+ ful"例如：forget→ forgetful健忘的/ unforgettable/forgettable 难忘的/易忘的6) 其他：例如：depend→ independent，like→ likely，break→ broken，die→ dead，live→ alivePlease v.→ pleasure n.→ pleasant令人愉快的（指物）/ pleased 满意的（指人）widen→ wide enrich→ rich enable→ able3．名词转换为形容词的常见方式1)“名词+ ful"例如：care→ careful, use→ useful, power→ powerful2)”名词+ less"例如：care → careless, home→ homeless, help→ helpless3)“名词+ly"例如：friend→ friendly, love→ lovely4)“名词+y"例如：sun→ sunny, wind→ windy, health→ healthy, noise→ noisy, luck→ lucky, fun→ funny5)“名词+ing"例如：interest→ interesting6)“名词+n"例如：America→ American, Australia→ Australian7)“名词+ ern"例如：south→ southern, north→ northern8)“名词+ ous"例如：danger→ dangerous9)“名词+ en"例如：wood→ wooden, gold→ golden, wool→ woolen10)“名词+al"例如：nation→ national, education→ educational, medicine→ medical, nature→ naturalchemistry→chemical,history→historical,physics→physical,tradition→traditional11)其他例如：office→ official fool→ foolish foreigner→ foreign wound→ woundedelectricity电→electric电的→electrical与电有关的→electronic 电子的4．形容词转换为名词的常见方式1)“形容词+y"例如：difficult→ difficulty, honest→ honesty2)“形容词词尾t改成ce"例如：different→ difference, important→ importance3)“形容词+ ness"例如：ill→ illness, kind→ kindness, sad→ sadness, happy→ happiness4)“形容词+ dom"例如：free→ freedom, wise→ wisdom5)其他例如：high→ height long→ length true→ truth responsible→ responsibility5．形容词转换为副词的常见方式1)“形容词+ly“例如：quiet→ quiet careful→ carefully main→ mainly2)“形容词去y加ily“例如：easy→ easily heavy→ heavily lucky→ luckily3)“形容词le结尾的，去e变y“例如：possible→ possibly gentle→ gently terrible→ terrible4)“形容词e结尾的，去e变ly“例如：true→ truly(只有true特殊) nice→ nicely5)“形容词不变“例如：early早 late 晚 hard难的；努力地 fast 快 wide(宽的)/widely(广泛的)6．名词转换为名词的常见方式例如：art→ artist science→ scientist piano→ pianistcity→ citizen custom→ customer engine→ engineerfriend→ friendship business→ businessman law→ lawyerlibrary→ librarian music→ musician office→ officer(职员)/official(官员)7．词性转换中前缀的使用例如：possible→ impossible (polite, patient) tell→ retell (build, write, use)healthy→ unhealthy(happy, lucky, usual) honest→ dishonest (advantage)regular→ irregular rich→ enrich (able)convenient→ inconvenient (experienced/correct/direct/expensive/complete)8．国名——国籍例如：Australia—Australian America—American Canada—CanadianBritain—British England—English Italy—ItalianFrance— French Germany—German (德国人复数Germans)China—Chinese Japan—Japanese Korea—Korean1．（2023·上海静安·一模）Bill, a famous lawyer in this city, deals with many ________ every year. (case)2．（2023·上海静安·一模）Comorant fishing is one of the ________ fishing skills in China. (tradition)3．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）After discussing for a whole day, they reached a ________ at last. (conclude)4．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）Now comic strips have a strong ________ on children. (affect)5．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）Children should learn to look after ________ instead of depending on their parents. (they)6．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）Good comic strips are full of action to keep readers ________ (interest).7．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）The street artist ________ in making the audience glad because of his performance. (success)8．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）Extreme heat can ________ an illustration（图案）of water on a highway in summer. (creative)9．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）The speech ________ talks about how to have a healthy diet. (main)10．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）Is the new building about the same ________ as the TV tower (high)11．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）My mother tells me the ________ these strawberries are, the sweeter they will taste. (red)12．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）I wasn’t very ________ in keeping this news secret because I didn’t want to cheat myself. (succeed)13．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）Let’s hope that all our troubles will ________ in the coming new year. (appear)14．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）Mathew, the package wasn’t tied up ________ and came apart while in the mail.(secure)15．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）I have never been to the Ocean Park. I can only ________ what it is like.(imagination)16．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）Tom’s grandmother isn’t willing to live by ________. (she)17．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）There are a number of ________ about the service of the hotel. (complain)18．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）Each of us must take ________ for our own actions. (responsible)19．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）We stood on the small ________ bridge drinking in the scenery around us. (wood)20．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）He finally ________ for his unreasonable behavior. (apology)21．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）Travelling ________ me to see the world in different angles. （able）22．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）The development of IT industry help to ________ (creation) more jobs for young people.23．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）Mum warned me that the cup of tea was ________ hot. (extreme)24．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）The article tells us that sometimes money doesn’t bring ________ to us. （happy）25．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）She became a famous writer in her ________. (forty)26．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）Don’t tell lies. Nobody wants to make friends with a ________ person. （honest）27．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）During the camping trip, Peter and his friends need to depend on ________ to deal with various situations.（they）28．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）Last night, I watched two exciting football ________ on TV. (match)29．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）My brother said goodbye to me and ________ in the darkness. (appear)30．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）We walked on down to the Bund, the old part of the city with lots of ________ style buildings.(Europe)31．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）Nowadays, even many middle school students can’t look after ________. (they)32．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）Detective novels used to hold a special ________ for me. (attract)33．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）Heathrow, London’s international airport, is the ________ airport in Britain.(busy)34．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）The ________ children went to bed quickly. (exhaust)35．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）San Francisco is full of ________ in summer. (tour)36．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）I felt ________ because I had to take the exam again. (depress)37．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）Spring is a __________ season to celebrate rebirth and new life. （wonder）38．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）The teacher likes Mary because she always does her homework __________.（careful）39．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）He thought he could __________ but I got wise to him. (foolish)40．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）My job doesn’t __________ making coffee for the boss! (including)41．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）In science，mistakes always precede the __________.（true）42．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）The kids should be taught how to use their pocket money __________. (proper)43．（2022·上海宝山·九年级期中）The drunk driver was fully ________ for the traffic accident last night. (responsibility)44．（2022·上海市进才中学北校九年级期中）Computers are super _________ (calculate).45．（2022·上海市进才中学北校九年级期中）The poor girl _________ being hugged by her mum and died with a smile. (imagination)46．（2022·上海市进才中学北校九年级期中）I believe ________ are important than money. (know)47．（2022·上海市进才中学北校九年级期中）Steve Jobs has been ________ since a few years ago. (die)48．（2022·上海市进才中学北校九年级期中）The noise in the room made me _________ (fright).49．（2022·上海市进才中学北校九年级期中）Tom’s father is a man of average _________（high).50．（2022·上海宝山·九年级期中）The Chinese women’s basketball team achieved great ________ in FIBA World Cup. (succeed)参考答案：1．cases【详解】句意：比尔是这个城市的一位著名律师，每年要处理许多案件。根据“many”可知，需要一个名词复数，cases符合句意，故填cases。2．most traditional【详解】句意：鸬鹚捕鱼是中国最传统的捕鱼技术之一。根据“one of the最高级+名词复数”可知，此处需要形容词的最高级形式，tradition的形容词是traditional，最高级前加most。故填most traditional。3．conclusion【详解】句意：在讨论一整天后，他们最后得出结论。根据空前“they reached a”可知，空处缺少一个单数名词，结合所给动词conclude“结论”变为名词conclusion“结论”，reach a conclusion“得出结论”。故填conclusion。4．effect【详解】句意：现在连环画对儿童有很强的影响。have an effect on“对……有影响”，是固定搭配，空格处应填affect的名词形式，即effect，故填effect。5．themselves【详解】句意：孩子们应该学会照顾自己，而不是依赖父母。根据“instead of depending on their parents”可知是要照顾自己，空格处应用they的反身代词形式，即themselves，故填themselves。6．interested【详解】句意：好的连环画充满了能让读者保持兴趣的情节。根据“keep readers…”可知，此处应为keep sb.+adj.“让某人保持……的状态”，故空格处应填形容词，interest“兴趣”，其形容词为interested/interesting，此处修饰的是readers“读者”，要用interested，故填interested。7．succeeded【详解】句意：这位街头艺术家成功地使观众因他的表演而高兴起来。分析句子结构可知，本句主语是“The street artist”，空处是谓语动词，success的动词是succeed。结合句意可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时态，故填succeeded。8．create【详解】句意：酷热可以让夏季高速公路上产生水的图案。情态动词can后加动词原形。形容词creative的动词为create。故填create。9．mainly【详解】句意：这个演讲主要谈论如何有健康的饮食。main“主要的”，形容词，修饰谓语“talks about”用副词形式，main的副词形式为mainly“主要地”。故填mainly。10．height【详解】句意：那幢新的大楼的高度和电视塔一样吗？根据“the same”可知形容词修饰名词。high的名词为height，意为“高度”。故填height。11．redder【详解】句意：妈妈告诉我这些草莓越红，吃起来越甜。根据“the ... these strawberries are, the sweeter they will taste.”可知，本题为“the+比较级，the+比较级”的结构，表示“越……，越……”，因此空处用比较级redder“更红的”。故填redder。12．successful【详解】句意：我没能成功地保守这个消息的秘密，因为我不想欺骗自己。succeed成功，动词；分析句子结构可知，空处应为形容词作该句的表语；结合“because I didn’t want to cheat myself”可知不能成功保守秘密，successful“成功的”，形容词。故填successful。13．disappear【详解】句意：让我们希望在新的一年里我们所有的麻烦都消失吧。根据“Let’s hope that all our troubles will ... in the coming new year.”及提示词可判断应用appear的反义词disappear“消失”，所填词因位于will之后，所以应用动词原形，故填disappear。14．securely【详解】句意：马修，包裹没有绑牢固，在邮寄的时候就散了。根据“wasn’t tied up”和提示词可知，是没有牢固地绑好；secure“安全的，牢固的”，形容词；securely“安全地，牢固地”，副词。此处需要用副词修饰动词，故填securely。15．imagine【详解】句意：我从来没有去过海洋公园。我只能想象那是什么样子。情态动词can后接动词原形，imagination对应的动词是imagine“想象”，故填imagine。16．herself【详解】句意：汤姆的祖母不愿意一个人住。by oneself“独自地”，固定短语，she的反身代词为herself。故填herself。17．complaints【详解】句意：对这家旅馆的服务有许多抱怨。根据“are a number of ”可知，需要名词复数，complaints“抱怨”符合句意。故填complaints。18．responsibility【详解】句意：我们每个人必须为自己的行为负责。take responsibility for“对……负责”，是固定搭配。故填responsibility。19．wooden【详解】句意：我们站在小木桥上，欣赏着周围的风景。根据“the small ... bridge”可知用形容词作定语修饰名词bridge，wood的形容词形式wooden，意为“木制的”。故填wooden。20．apologized【详解】句意：他终于为自己的无理行为道歉了。分析句子结构可知，此空缺少谓语动词，apology对应的动词是apologize，描述过去发生的事情，动词用过去式，故填apologized。21．enable【详解】句意：旅行使我能够从不同的角度看世界。题干缺失谓语动词，因此空格处需要填写动词形式；able的动词形式enable“使能够”，enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”，故填enable。22．create【详解】句意：IT工业的发展有助于为年轻人创造更多的就业机会。根据“help to”可判断空处用动词原形，结合给出的单词提示, creation名词“创造”，它的动词形式为create“创造”。故填create。23．extremely【详解】句意：妈妈警告我那杯茶很热。extreme“极端的；极度的”，形容词。根据空格后面的形容词“hot”可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词。故填extremely。24．happiness【详解】句意：这篇文章告诉我们，有时金钱并不能给我们带来幸福。此空位于动词bring后，应填名词作宾语。happy对应的名词是happiness“幸福”，故填happiness。25．forties【详解】句意：在她四十多岁的时候，她成了一个著名的作家。forty“四十”，数词。根据“in her...”及所给词汇可知，此处考查“in one’s +基数词的复数形式”，表示“在某人……多岁的时候”。 故填forties。26．dishonest【详解】句意：不要撒谎！没有人愿意和不诚实的人交朋友。根据“Nobody wants to make friends with”可知是不愿和不诚实的人撒谎；honest“诚实的”要加否定前缀dis表示“不诚实的”。故填dishonest。27．themselves【详解】句意：彼得和他的朋友们需要依靠他们自己来处理各种情况。they“他们”，根据“Peter and his friends need to depend on...to deal with various situations”可知彼得和他的朋友们需要依靠他们自己，应用they对应的反身代词themselves。故填themselves。28．matches【详解】句意：昨晚，我在电视上看了两场精彩的足球赛。根据空格前面的词语是two，所以要用复数名词来填空，结合给出的单词提示，match“比赛”，复数为matches。故填matches。29．disappeared【详解】句意：我哥哥向我告别，消失在黑暗中。根据前半句谓语动词“said”和连词“and”可知，设空处需用动词的一般过去时作谓语；结合后面“在黑暗中”可知，此处需用appear“出现”的反义词disappear“消失”，表示向我告别后消失在了黑暗中；disappear的过去式为disappeared，故填disappeared。30．European【详解】句意：我们一直走到外滩，那是上海的老城区，有许多欧式建筑。根据设空处修饰后面的名词buildings，可知此处应用形容词填空。Europe“欧洲”，名词，与其所对应的形容词是European“欧洲的”，European style“欧式风格”，故填European。31．themselves【详解】句意：现在，甚至许多中学生不能照顾自己。根据句意可知是“中学生不能照顾他们自己”，look after oneself表示“照顾自己”，由“many middle school students”可知用they的反身代词themselves。故填themselves。32．attraction【详解】句意：侦探小说过去对我有特殊的吸引力。根据设空处前面有不定冠词a修饰，可知此处应填入一个名词，在句中作宾语，提示词attract“吸引”，动词，与其所对应的名词形式是attraction，故填attraction。33．busiest【详解】句意：希思罗，伦敦的国际机场，是英国最繁忙的机场。根据语境和“in Britain”，及设空处前面的定冠词the，可知此处应用最高级形式，提示词busy“繁忙的”，是形容词，其最高级形式是busiest，故填busiest。34．exhausted【详解】句意：筋疲力尽的孩子们很快就上床睡觉了。设空处后面的词语是名词，所以要用形容词来填空，在句中作定语，结合给出的英语提示，因此可知这句话的意思是“筋疲力尽的孩子们很快就上床睡觉了”。提示词exhaust“耗尽、用尽”，动词，与其所对应的形容词是exhausted，意思是“筋疲力尽的”，故填exhausted。35．tourists【详解】句意：夏天旧金山到处都是游客。根据设空处前面的of是介词可知，此处应用名词形式，提示词tour“旅行”，动词；由语境可知，此处应表示“游客”，tourist“游客、观光者”，可数名词，这里用其复数形式tourists。故填tourists。36．depressed【详解】句意：我感到很沮丧，因为我不得不再一次参加考试。根据空前感官动词“felt”可判断用形容词，且形容人，depressed“沮丧的”，用于人，故填depressed。37．wonderful【详解】句意：春天是一个庆祝重生和新生命的一个完美的季节。根据空后名词season可知，空处用形容词作表语修饰名词season。wonderful“完美的”，故填wonderful。38．carefully【详解】句意：这个老师喜欢玛丽，因为她总是仔细地做她的家庭作业。此处修饰动词does用副词carefully“认真地”。故填carefully。39．fool【详解】句意：我认为他能骗过我，但是我识破了他。根据空前情态动词could可知，空处用动词原形。fool“欺骗”，动词，故填fool。40．include【详解】句意：我的工作不包括为老板冲咖啡。根据空前“doesn’t”可判断，助动词后用动词原形，including的动词形式为include“包括”，故填include。41．truth【详解】句意：在科学上，错误总是先于真理。根据空前the可知，空处用名词作宾语。truth“事实，真理”。故答案为truth。42．properly【详解】句意：孩子们应该被教如何使正确地用他们的零花钱。根据句意可知，空处修饰动词use，所以空处用副词。properly“正确地”，副词，故填properly。43．responsible【详解】句意：昨晚的交通事故是酒驾司机的全部责任。responsibility“责任”，名词，be responsible for sth“对某事负责”，形容词作表语。故填responsible。44．calculators【详解】句意：计算机是超级计算器。分析句子可知，主系表结构，句子缺表语，且空前是形容词super，形容词修饰名词作定语，因此此处使用名词作表语。calculate“计算”，动词，其名词为calculator，表示“计算器”，可数名词，复数为calculators；主语Computers是复数，因此此处使用名词复数形式。故填calculators。45．imagined【详解】句意：这个可怜的女孩想象着自己被妈妈抱在怀里，笑着死去。空处缺少谓语动词，imagination对应的动词是imagined，结合“died ”可知，空处用过去式。故填imagined。46．knowledge【详解】句意：我相信知识比金钱更重要。提示词know意为“知道”，是动词。根据“I believe…are important than money.”可知空处应填名词。knowledge“知识”，不可数名词。故填knowledge。47．dead【详解】句意：史蒂夫·乔布斯几年前就去世了。提示词die意为“死亡”，动词。分析句子可知，空前句中的“been”是系动词，此处属于系表结构，空处应填形容词dead“去世的、死的”作表语。故填dead。48．frightened【详解】句意：房间里的噪音使我害怕。根据“made me”可知，此处是make sb.+形容词，表示“让某人……”，此处修饰人，用fright的形容词形式frightened，意为“受惊的，担忧的，害怕的”，在句中作宾语补足语。故填frightened。49．height【详解】句意：汤姆的父亲是个中等身高的人。high“高的”，形容词，它的名词形式为height，height意为“(人或物的)身高”。结合句意可知，本句想要表达“中等身高”，average“中等的，适中的，平均的”，形容词。一般形容词修饰名词，放在名词的前面，所以本题要把形容词high变成名词height。average height意为“中等身高”。故填height。50．success【详解】句意：中国女篮在国际篮联世界杯上取得了巨大成就。succeed“成功”，动词。根据“achieved great…”可知，空处用名词作宾语，succeed的名词形式是success，属于抽象名词。故填success。专题17 词性转换1.（2022·上海中考真题）Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）（本大题共8题，每题1分，共8分）40. There are many different _________ in that small garden. （plant）41. Lily is reading the _________ story in the book about Chinese history. （six）42. He learned how to make zongzi by _________ on the Dragon Boat Festival. （he）43. These tips are _________ to improve your social skills. Why not take them （use）44. More citizens agree to be green travelers so as to reduce air _________. （pollute）45. The journalist hoped to _________ the brave act of the fireman. （reporter）46. With the help of his workmates, he was able to operate the machine _________. （correct）47. If you are _________ to get lost, calm down and look for possible help. （lucky）2.（2021·上海中考真题）plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词）24．I live near my school. It takes me only ten ________ to walk there. (minute)25．Lily and Mary have known each other for ________ years. (seventh)26．The Bund attracts many people with ________ beautiful night view. (it)27．The organization has set strict rules on the release of ________ chemicals. (harm)28．Without the glasses, he can’t see the words on the blackboard ________. (clear)29．Tony has made up his mind to be a soldier to ________ the country after graduation. (service)30．Shanghai Museum has a large ________ of works of art from home and abroad. (collect)31．Some rainforests are likely to ________ if we don’t take action to protect them. (appear)3.（2020·上海中考真题）plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词）54．Nowadays，many_____have been used to work in dangerous situations．（robot）55．Uncle Andy tried_____different jobs，and finally chose to be a lawyer．（tenth）56．The boy started to live in school and learn to manage time by_____．（he）57．Lily asked her son to close the door_____in order not to disturb others．（soft）58．On_____days,leaves fall on the ground and the road looks beautiful.（wind）59．If you_____red and yellow，what colour will you get？（mixture）60．Thanks to the_____of the smart phone，it's convenient to take photos anytime．（invent）61．Sitting in front of the screen for too long is_____．It's bad for your eyes．（healthy）4.（2019·上海中考真题）plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词）29. Mr.Smith bought three______of local snacks for the exchange students.（box）30. On the______page of the book，there is an encouraging story.（eight）31. Don't easily follow a fashion.Being______is the best rule.（you）32. Online libraries are______used for learning in the information age.（wide）33. Finally，Jack achieved his goal and became the______of a company.（own）34. The main purpose of the charity project is to offer help to______people.（home）35. When Andy was______about his lost smart phone，his friend gave him a big hug.（happy）36. Hard work pays off.I believe you will______your dream school.（entrance）5.（2018·上海中考真题）plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词）54. My cousin likes to collect __________in his spare time. (stamp)55. Look! The_______lady from the left in the photo is my favourite teacher. (six)56. Jessie cooked a meal for her big family by______on New Years Eve. (she)57. Shirley is an early bird. It was_____for her to be late for school today.(usual)58. Fortunately, no one was______hurt in the earthquake several weeks ago.(serious)59.The ____of Al(人工智能) will enable us to learn more about our brains.( develop)60. I will never____the days I spent with my host family in Britain. (forgetful)61. As we all know, a ___ driver is always a danger to the public.(care)6.（2017·上海中考真题）plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词）54．A seat belt can help protect passengers in many car　　．（accident）55．Last week the students went skating and enjoyed　　 very much．（them）56．My school is going to have an open day on the　　 of next month．（ten）57．Failure isn't always bad．It can teach you　　 lessons．（use）58．For your　　，smoking is not allowed during the whole flight．（safe）59．Our manager greeted the guest　　 with a smile at the entrance．（polite）60．Scientists often　　 that farmers use natural ways to grow fruits．（suggestion）61．When they felt　　 after the flood，the charity offered them food and clothes．（help）附：词性转换分类汇总1．动词转换为名词的常见方式1)“动词+ion”例如：pollute→ pollution, invent→ invention, discuss→ discussion, decide→ decision注意：review→ revision solve→ solution2)“动词去e+ ation”例如：invite→ invitation，organize→ organization3)“动词+er”例如: work→ worker, teach→ teacher, write→ writerspeak→ speaker, run→ runner, win→ winner4)“动词+ or"例如：invent→ inventor, act→ actor, visit→ visitor, calculate→ calculator5)“动词+ing"例如：build→ building, begin→ beginning, paint→ painting, mean→ meaning6)“动词十ment"例如：develop→ development, amuse→ amusement7)“动词十ress"例如：wait→ waitress, act→ actress8)“动词十ance"例如：appear→ appearance, perform →performance9)其他serve—service 服务 speak—speech 演讲 fish—fisherman 渔夫enter—entrance 入口 know—knowledge 知识 weigh—weight 重量please—pleasure 愉快 choose—choice选择 tour—tourist 游客die—death 死亡 succeed—success 成功 fly—flight 航班memorize—memory 记忆 mix—mixture 混合物 cook—cook/cooker 厨师/厨具save—safety 安全 act—activity 活动 able—ability 能力2．动词转换为形容词的常见方式1) “动词+ive"例如：act→ active, attract→ attractive2) “动词+ able"例如：change→ changeable, enjoy→ enjoyable3) “动词+ing"例如：excite→ exciting, follow→ following，freeze—freezing 寒冷的/ （frozen 冷冻的）4) “动词+ ed"例如：frighten→ frightened, bore→ bored5)“动词+ ful"例如：forget→ forgetful健忘的/ unforgettable/forgettable 难忘的/易忘的6) 其他：例如：depend→ independent，like→ likely，break→ broken，die→ dead，live→ alivePlease v.→ pleasure n.→ pleasant令人愉快的（指物）/ pleased 满意的（指人）widen→ wide enrich→ rich enable→ able3．名词转换为形容词的常见方式1)“名词+ ful"例如：care→ careful, use→ useful, power→ powerful2)”名词+ less"例如：care → careless, home→ homeless, help→ helpless3)“名词+ly"例如：friend→ friendly, love→ lovely4)“名词+y"例如：sun→ sunny, wind→ windy, health→ healthy, noise→ noisy, luck→ lucky, fun→ funny5)“名词+ing"例如：interest→ interesting6)“名词+n"例如：America→ American, Australia→ Australian7)“名词+ ern"例如：south→ southern, north→ northern8)“名词+ ous"例如：danger→ dangerous9)“名词+ en"例如：wood→ wooden, gold→ golden, wool→ woolen10)“名词+al"例如：nation→ national, education→ educational, medicine→ medical, nature→ naturalchemistry→chemical,history→historical,physics→physical,tradition→traditional11)其他例如：office→ official fool→ foolish foreigner→ foreign wound→ woundedelectricity电→electric电的→electrical与电有关的→electronic 电子的4．形容词转换为名词的常见方式1)“形容词+y"例如：difficult→ difficulty, honest→ honesty2)“形容词词尾t改成ce"例如：different→ difference, important→ importance3)“形容词+ ness"例如：ill→ illness, kind→ kindness, sad→ sadness, happy→ happiness4)“形容词+ dom"例如：free→ freedom, wise→ wisdom5)其他例如：high→ height long→ length true→ truth responsible→ responsibility5．形容词转换为副词的常见方式1)“形容词+ly“例如：quiet→ quiet careful→ carefully main→ mainly2)“形容词去y加ily“例如：easy→ easily heavy→ heavily lucky→ luckily3)“形容词le结尾的，去e变y“例如：possible→ possibly gentle→ gently terrible→ terrible4)“形容词e结尾的，去e变ly“例如：true→ truly(只有true特殊) nice→ nicely5)“形容词不变“例如：early早 late 晚 hard难的；努力地 fast 快 wide(宽的)/widely(广泛的)6．名词转换为名词的常见方式例如：art→ artist science→ scientist piano→ pianistcity→ citizen custom→ customer engine→ engineerfriend→ friendship business→ businessman law→ lawyerlibrary→ librarian music→ musician office→ officer(职员)/official(官员)7．词性转换中前缀的使用例如：possible→ impossible (polite, patient) tell→ retell (build, write, use)healthy→ unhealthy(happy, lucky, usual) honest→ dishonest (advantage)regular→ irregular rich→ enrich (able)convenient→ inconvenient (experienced/correct/direct/expensive/complete)8．国名——国籍例如：Australia—Australian America—American Canada—CanadianBritain—British England—English Italy—ItalianFrance— French Germany—German (德国人复数Germans)China—Chinese Japan—Japanese Korea—Korean1．（2023·上海静安·一模）Bill, a famous lawyer in this city, deals with many ________ every year. (case)2．（2023·上海静安·一模）Comorant fishing is one of the ________ fishing skills in China. (tradition)3．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）After discussing for a whole day, they reached a ________ at last. (conclude)4．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）Now comic strips have a strong ________ on children. (affect)5．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）Children should learn to look after ________ instead of depending on their parents. (they)6．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）Good comic strips are full of action to keep readers ________ (interest).7．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）The street artist ________ in making the audience glad because of his performance. (success)8．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）Extreme heat can ________ an illustration（图案）of water on a highway in summer. (creative)9．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）The speech ________ talks about how to have a healthy diet. (main)10．（2022·上海市实验学校九年级期末）Is the new building about the same ________ as the TV tower (high)11．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）My mother tells me the ________ these strawberries are, the sweeter they will taste. (red)12．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）I wasn’t very ________ in keeping this news secret because I didn’t want to cheat myself. (succeed)13．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）Let’s hope that all our troubles will ________ in the coming new year. (appear)14．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）Mathew, the package wasn’t tied up ________ and came apart while in the mail.(secure)15．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）I have never been to the Ocean Park. I can only ________ what it is like.(imagination)16．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）Tom’s grandmother isn’t willing to live by ________. (she)17．（2022·上海市徐汇中学九年级期中）There are a number of ________ about the service of the hotel. (complain)18．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）Each of us must take ________ for our own actions. (responsible)19．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）We stood on the small ________ bridge drinking in the scenery around us. (wood)20．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）He finally ________ for his unreasonable behavior. (apology)21．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）Travelling ________ me to see the world in different angles. （able）22．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）The development of IT industry help to ________ (creation) more jobs for young people.23．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）Mum warned me that the cup of tea was ________ hot. (extreme)24．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）The article tells us that sometimes money doesn’t bring ________ to us. （happy）25．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）She became a famous writer in her ________. (forty)26．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）Don’t tell lies. Nobody wants to make friends with a ________ person. （honest）27．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）During the camping trip, Peter and his friends need to depend on ________ to deal with various situations.（they）28．（2022·上海市新泾中学九年级期中）Last night, I watched two exciting football ________ on TV. (match)29．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）My brother said goodbye to me and ________ in the darkness. (appear)30．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）We walked on down to the Bund, the old part of the city with lots of ________ style buildings.(Europe)31．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）Nowadays, even many middle school students can’t look after ________. (they)32．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）Detective novels used to hold a special ________ for me. (attract)33．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）Heathrow, London’s international airport, is the ________ airport in Britain.(busy)34．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）The ________ children went to bed quickly. (exhaust)35．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）San Francisco is full of ________ in summer. (tour)36．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）I felt ________ because I had to take the exam again. (depress)37．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）Spring is a __________ season to celebrate rebirth and new life. （wonder）38．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）The teacher likes Mary because she always does her homework __________.（careful）39．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）He thought he could __________ but I got wise to him. (foolish)40．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）My job doesn’t __________ making coffee for the boss! (including)41．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）In science，mistakes always precede the __________.（true）42．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）The kids should be taught how to use their pocket money __________. (proper)43．（2022·上海宝山·九年级期中）The drunk driver was fully ________ for the traffic accident last night. (responsibility)44．（2022·上海市进才中学北校九年级期中）Computers are super _________ (calculate).45．（2022·上海市进才中学北校九年级期中）The poor girl _________ being hugged by her mum and died with a smile. (imagination)46．（2022·上海市进才中学北校九年级期中）I believe ________ are important than money. (know)47．（2022·上海市进才中学北校九年级期中）Steve Jobs has been ________ since a few years ago. (die)48．（2022·上海市进才中学北校九年级期中）The noise in the room made me _________ (fright).49．（2022·上海市进才中学北校九年级期中）Tom’s father is a man of average _________（high).50．（2022·上海宝山·九年级期中）The Chinese women’s basketball team achieved great ________ in FIBA World Cup. (succeed)

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