Python绘图系统11：绘制极坐标图像 |
您所在的位置：网站首页 › cad画极坐标曲线 › Python绘图系统11：绘制极坐标图像 |
Python绘图系统11：绘制极坐标图像
|
文章目录
旧代码整改投影下拉选框绘图逻辑源代码
Python绘图系统： 📈从0开始的3D绘图系统📉一个3D坐标系，多个函数自定义控件：📉极坐标绘图图表类型和风格：散点图和条形图📊混合类型图表 旧代码整改用坐标个数来判断是否绘制三维图的确很直观，但从matplotlib的绘图逻辑来说却非如此，对于matplotlib来说，只有直角坐标是真实的，其他坐标都是数据在直角坐标上的投影罢了，这也是projection这个参数的来源。 所以，DrawType还有进一步升级的空间。即除了图表类型、参数个数之外，还可以加一个投影类型，即用于规范Projection参数。 但在此之前，需要对其做一点小的整改。即最开创建DrawType这个类的时候，用数字来表示坐标个数。但后来发现，其实这六种组合如果用字母表示会更加方便。所以DrawType初始化函数中的self.dims可做如下修改 self.dims = ("x", "xy", "xyz", "tx", "txy", "txyz") # 绘图维度同时getDim函数也不用那么麻烦了，直接像下面这样。 def getDim(self): return self.drawDim.get()同时，DrawType已经指明了坐标轴，那么单个的x,y,z,t按钮旧没必要存在了。可以将AxisList中的相关代码全都删掉。 投影下拉选框投影和维度从设计方式来说是完全一致的，只需添加 self.projs = ("None", "3d", "polar")在initVar中添加 self.drawDim = tk.StringVar() self.drawDim.set(dim)在initWidgets中添加 slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[1], textvariable=self.drawProj) slct['value'] = self.projs slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2)并创建getProj函数 def getProj(self): return self.drawProj.get()这个时候界面又变得臃肿了，所以再调整调整，最后效果为
下面更新绘图逻辑，尽管只是多了一个设定坐标映射的功能，但从可扩展性的角度触发，还是新建一个专门设置坐标轴的函数比较好。故而在DrawSystem中添加setDrawAxis函数 def setDrawAxis(self): p = self.drawTypeDim.getProj() if p == "None": ax = self.fig.add_subplot() else: ax = self.fig.add_subplot(projection=p) return ax然后发现了一个小bug，就是无论在绘图时是否使用z轴坐标，但会一并读取z轴数据，这里稍作改善，将readDatas中的循环改为 for flag in self.drawTypeDim.getDim():这样就可以绘制极坐标图了
虽然新增了一个功能，但因为优化了声明绘图维度的部分代码，所以代码行数并没有太多改变，所有源代码如下，只需放在.py文件中并用Python调用，就可以愉快地画图了 import tkinter as tk import tkinter.ttk as ttk from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename import matplotlib as mpl mpl.use('TkAgg') import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import ( FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk) from matplotlib.figure import Figure import numpy as np class AxisFrame(ttk.Frame): # widths 是每个控件的宽度 def __init__(self, master, label, mode, widths, **options): super().__init__(master, **options) self.pack() self.label = label self.initVar(mode) self.initWidgets(widths) def initVar(self, mode): self.MODES = ("序列化", "源代码", "外部导入", "无数据") self.mode = tk.StringVar() self.setMode(mode) def initWidgets(self, widths): tk.Label(self, text=self.label, width=widths[0]).pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=widths[1], textvariable=self.mode) self.slct['value'] = self.MODES self.slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.entry = tk.Entry(self, width=widths[2]) self.entry.pack(padx=5, side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X) def setText(self, text): self.entry.delete(0, "end") self.entry.insert(0, text) def get(self): return self.entry.get() def setMode(self, mode): if type(mode) != str: mode = self.MODES[mode] self.mode.set(mode) def setData(self, data=None, **txyz): if self.mode.get() == "序列化": return self.getArray() elif self.mode.get() == "外部导入": return self.loadData(data) else: return self.readPython(**txyz) def readPython(self, t=None, x=None, y=None, z=None): self.data = eval(self.get()) return self.data def loadData(self, data): if type(data) != type(None): self.data = data return self.data def getArray(self): val = self.get() self.data = eval(f"np.linspace({val})") return self.data class AxisList(ttk.Frame): def __init__(self, master, title, mode, widths, types, slctType, # 绘图类型Combobox的参数 **options): super().__init__(master, **options) self.pack() self.afs = {} self.data = {} self.initWidgets(title, widths) self.initFeature(types, slctType) self.initAxis(mode, widths) def initWidgets(self, title, widths): self.btn = ttk.Button(self, text=title, width=sum(widths)+5, command=self.Click) self.btn.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X, expand=tk.YES) self._c = ttk.Frame(self) self.collapsed = True self.Click() def initFeature(self, types, slctType): frm = ttk.Frame(self._c) frm.pack(pady=2, side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X) ttk.Button(frm, text="加载",width=5, command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm, types, slctType, func=self.dimChanged) self.drawTypeDim.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2) self.vis = {L : True for L in 'txyz'} def dimChanged(self, evt): txyz = self.getDrawDim() for flag in 'txyz': self.vis[flag] = flag in txyz self.updateVisible() def updateVisible(self): for flag in 'txyz': self.afs[flag].pack_forget() for flag in 'txyz': if self.vis[flag]: self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X) def getDrawType(self): return self.drawTypeDim.getType() def getDrawDim(self): return self.drawTypeDim.getDim() def initAxis(self, mode, widths): for flag in 'txyz': self.afs[flag] = AxisFrame(self._c, flag, mode, widths) self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X) self.vis = {L : L in self.getDrawDim() for L in 'txyz'} self.updateVisible() def btnLoadData(self): name = askopenfilename() data = np.genfromtxt(name) for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'): if i >= data.shape[1]: return self.setOneMode(flag, "外部导入") self.data[flag] = self.setData(flag, data[:,i]) def Click(self): if self.collapsed: self._c.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES) else: self._c.pack_forget() self.collapsed = not self.collapsed def setData(self, flag, data=None, **options): return self.afs[flag].setData(data, **options) def setOneMode(self, flag, mode): self.afs[flag].setMode(mode) # 绘图类型和维度 class DrawType(ttk.Frame): # ws为两个combobox的宽 def __init__(self, master, types, slctType, slctDim="xyz", slctProj='3d', ws=None, func=None, **options): super().__init__(master, **options) self.pack() self.types = types # 绘图类型 self.dims = ("x", "xy", "xyz", "tx", "txy", "txyz") # 绘图维度 self.projs = ("None", "3d", "polar") self.dimChanged = func self.initVar(slctType, slctDim, slctProj) self.initWidgets(ws) def initVar(self, slctType, dim, proj): self.drawType = tk.StringVar() self.drawType.set(slctType) self.drawDim = tk.StringVar() self.drawDim.set(dim) self.drawProj = tk.StringVar() self.drawProj.set(proj) def initWidgets(self, ws): if ws==None: ws = [5, 5, 3] slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[0], textvariable=self.drawType) slct['value'] = self.types slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2) slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[1], textvariable=self.drawProj) slct['value'] = self.projs slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2) slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[2], textvariable=self.drawDim) slct['value'] = self.dims slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2) slct.bind('', self.dimChanged) def getType(self): return self.drawType.get() def getDim(self): return self.drawDim.get() def getProj(self): return self.drawProj.get() class DarwSystem(): def __init__(self): self.root = tk.Tk() self.root.title("数据展示工具") self.data = {} self.als = [] self.initConst() self.setFrmCtrl() frmFig = ttk.Frame(self.root) frmFig.pack(side=tk.LEFT,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES) self.setFrmFig(frmFig) self.root.mainloop() def initConst(self): self.TYPES = ("点线图", "散点图", "条形图") self.drawDct = { "点线图" : self.drawPlot, "散点图" : self.drawScatter, "条形图" : self.drawBar } def setFrmCtrl(self): frmCtrl = ttk.Frame(self.root,width=320) frmCtrl.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y) frm = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl, width=320) frm.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X) self.setCtrlButtons(frm) self.frmAxis = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl) self.frmAxis.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X) self.addLast(None) # ! 工具栏 def setCtrlButtons(self, frm): self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm, self.TYPES, "点线图") self.drawTypeDim.pack(side=tk.LEFT) ttk.Button(frm, text="📈",width=3, command=self.btnDrawImg).pack(side=tk.LEFT) ttk.Button(frm, text="📂",width=3, command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT) btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="+", width=3) btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT) btn.bind("", self.addLast) btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="-", width=3) btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT) btn.bind("", self.deleteLast) def addLast(self, evt): title = f"坐标{len(self.als)}" al = AxisList(self.frmAxis, title, 1, [5,10,20], self.TYPES, self.drawTypeDim.getType()) al.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X) self.als.append(al) def deleteLast(self, evt): self.als[-1].pack_forget() del self.als[-1] def btnLoadData(self): name = askopenfilename() data = np.genfromtxt(name) for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'): if i >= data.shape[1]: return self.AL.setOneMode(flag, "外部导入") self.data[flag] = self.AL.setData(flag, data[:,i]) def readDatas(self, al): dct = {} data = {} for flag in self.drawTypeDim.getDim(): data[flag] = al.setData(flag, **dct) dct[flag] = data[flag] return data def setDrawAxis(self): p = self.drawTypeDim.getProj() if p == "None": ax = self.fig.add_subplot() else: ax = self.fig.add_subplot(projection=p) return ax def btnDrawImg(self): self.fig.clf() keys = self.drawTypeDim.getDim() p = '3d' if 'z' in keys else None ax = self.setDrawAxis() for al in self.als: data = self.readDatas(al) draw = self.drawDct[al.getDrawType()] draw(ax, data, keys) self.fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.95, top=0.95, bottom=0.08) self.canvas.draw() def drawBar(self, ax, data, keys): ax.bar(data['x'], data['y']) def drawPlot(self, ax, data, keys): ax.plot(*[data[key] for key in keys]) def drawScatter(self, ax, data, keys): ax.scatter(*[data[key] for key in keys]) def setFrmFig(self, frmFig): self.fig = Figure() self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,frmFig) self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack( side=tk.TOP,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES) self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas,frmFig, pack_toolbar=False) self.toolbar.update() self.toolbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT) if __name__ == "__main__": test = DarwSystem() |
【本文地址】
今日新闻 |
推荐新闻 |