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Nucleic Acids and Protein Calculations
OptimumGene Codon Optimization
For Gene Synthesis Learn More Nucleic Acids and Protein Calculations Spectrophotometric Conversions** This web page provides several useful tables of common biological constants and conversions. These include metric prefixes, spectrophotometiric conversions, agarose/polyacrylamide gel resolutions, etc. You can use these tables to aid your DNA/RNA/protein quantification, electrophoresis gel preparation, protein synthesis and other research activities. Metric Prefixes Spectrophotometric Conversions DNA Molar Conversions Formulas for DNA Molar Conversions Protein Molar Conversions Protein/DNA Conversions Agarose Gel(%):Resolution of Linear DNA Polyacrylamide Gel(%):Resolution of Protein Length/M.W. of Common Nucleic Acids. Standards Metric Prefixes Prefix Symbol Factor kilo k 103 centi c 10-2 milli m 10-3 micro µ 10-6 nano n 10-9 pico p 10-12 femto f 10-15 atto a 10-18 zepto z 10-21 Spectrophotometric Conversions 1 A260 unit of double-stranded DNA=50 µg/ml 1 A260 unit of single-stranded DNA=33 µg/ml 1 A260 unit of single-stranded RNA=40 µg/ml DNA Molar Conversions 1 µg of 1,000 bp DNA ≈ 1.52 pmol(3.03 pmol of ends) 1 µg of pBR322 DNA ≈ 0.36 pmol DNA 1 pmol of 1,000 bp DNA ≈ 0.66 µg 1 pmol of pBR322 DNA ≈ 2.8 µg pBR322DNA:（4,361bp） Formulas for DNA Molar Conversions For dsDNA To convert pmol to µg: pmol × N × 660 pg/pmol × 1 µg/106 pg = µg To convert µg to pmol: µg × 106 pg/1 µg × pmol/660 pg × 1/N = pmol For ssDNA To convert pmol to µg: pmol × N × 330 pg/pmol × 1µg/106 pg = µg To convert µg to pmol: µg × 106 pg/1 µg × pmol/330 pg × 1/N = pmol where N is the number of nucleotides and 330 pg/pmol is the average MW of a nucleotide Protein Molar Conversions 100 pmol of 100 kDa protein = 10 µg 100 pmol of 50 kDa protein = 5 µg 100 pmol of 10 kDa protein = 1 µg 100 pmol of 1 kDa protein = 100 ng Protein/DNA Conversions 1 kb DNA → 333 amino acids → 37 kDa protein 270 b DNA → 10 kDa protein 810 b DNA → 30 kDa protein 1.35 kb DNA → 50 kDa protein 2.7 kb DNA → 100 kDa protein average MW of an amino acid ≈ 110 daltons Dalton (Da) is an alternate name for the atomic mass unit, and kilodalton (kDa) is 1,000 daltons. Thus a protein with a mass of 64 kDa has a molecular weight of 64,000 grams per mole Agarose Gel(%):Resolution of Linear DNA Recommended % Agarose Optimum Resolution for Linear DNA (Size of fragments in nucleotides;bp) 0.5 1,000-30,000 0.7 800-12,000 1.0 500-10,000 1.2 400-7,000 1.5 200-3,000 2.0 50-2,000 Polyacrylamide Gel(%):Resolution of Protein Recommended % Acrylamide Protein Size Range 8 40-200 kDa 10 21-100 kDa 12 10-40 kDa Length/M.W. of Common Nucleic Acids. Nucleic Acid Number of Nucleotides Molecular Weight lambda DNA 48,502(dsDNA) 3.2 × 107 pBR322DNA 4,361(dsDNA) 2.8 × 106 28S rRNA 4,800 1.6 × 106 23S rRNA(E.coli) 2,900 1.0 × 106 18S rRNA 1,900 6.5 × 105 16S rRNA(E.coli) 1,500 5.1 × 105 5S rRNA(E.coli) 120 4.1 × 104 tRNA(E.coli) 75 2.5 × 104 *Molecular weights based on actual sequence. Standards 1. Average MW of dsDNA base pair = 600. 2. Average MW of ssDNA base =330. 3. Average MW of RNA base =340. |
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