近日，林长久老师所做“Indemnity 翻译练习解析及参考译文”，拜读后觉得受益匪浅，先整理出来，希望对喜欢和从事翻译合同翻译的朋友们有所帮助。

总评：原文选自某《IndemnityAgreement》，写作质量相当不错。Indemnity Clause是常见、典型的法律条款，适用用作初级向中级进阶的翻译练习素材。Indemnity在香港一般译为“弥偿”，有“弥补、赔/补偿”的意思，构词高明，在《借鉴香港法律用语》一文中已有讨论。在内地，译为“补偿”居多。本次练习有长句，翻译时一要注意调整语序，二要防止漏译。

Whereas:

解析：由于选自《IndemnityAgreement》，是一份协议而不是一个条款，indemnification安排比较复杂。这是协议前面的Whereas条款，用来说明协议背景的。译为“鉴于”即可。

(A) Highly competent persons have become more reluctant to serve publicly-held corporations as directors, officers or in other capacities unless they are provided with adequate protection through insurance or adequate indemnification against inordinate risks of claims and actions against them arising out of their service to and activities on behalf of suchcorporations;

解析：这句可按原文顺序译，也可理出头绪后按中文通常的语序来译。publicly-heldcorporations 不一定是listed corporations，严格来讲要译成“公众公司”之类。

参考译文1（按原文顺序）：高素质人才越来越不愿意担任公众公司的董事、高管或其他职务，除非通过保险或足够的弥偿向他们提供足够的保护，使他们免于承担由于向该等公司提供服务和代表该等公司开展活动而引起的索赔和诉讼的过高风险；

参考译文2（按中文思维）：高素质人才由于向公众公司提供服务和代表该等公司开展活动而面临过高的索赔和诉讼风险，除非通过保险或足够的弥偿向他们提供免于承担这些风险的足够保护，否则他们越来越不愿意担任公众公司的董事、高管或其他职务；

(B) The board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) has determined that, in order to attract and retain qualified individuals, the Company will attempt to maintain on an ongoing basis, at its sole expense,liability insurance to protect persons serving the Company and any of its subsidiaries from certain liabilities. Although the furnishing of such insurance has been a customary and widespread practice among publicly traded corporations and other business enterprises, the Company believes that, given current market conditions and trends, such insurance may be available to it in the future only at higher premiums and with more exclusions. At the same time,directors, officers and other persons in service to corporations or business enterprises are being increasingly subjected to expensive and time-consuming litigation relating to, among other things, matters that traditionally would have been brought only against the Company or business enterprise itself. The amended and restated articles of association of the Company (the “Articles”)provide for the indemnification of the officers and directors of the Company.The Articles expressly provide that the indemnification provisions set forththerein are not exclusive, and thereby contemplate that contracts may be entered into between the Company and members of the board of directors,officers and other persons with respect to indemnification, hold harmless,exoneration, advancement and reimbursement rights;

解析：maintain 不好译。会计和法律上都有capital maintenance的概念，一般直译为“资本维持”。To be informed about thecorrect state of affairs of the business, it is necessary to prepare andmaintain proper books of accounts一句中，用了“prepare and maintain”，那maintain 作keep讲，即“保存”；如果没有prepare，整句也讲得通，maintain有“备存”的意思，即制备和保存，“备存”同样见出构词精确。Maintain a patent译为“专利的维持”，不这样译，会损失意思。具体到本句，maintain liabilityinsurance 有购买保险并续保的意思，直译为“维持”也说得通。

from certain liabilities 中的liabilities是可数形式，不知作者想表达什么意思。Liability 作责任讲，是不可数名词，如limited liability 和liability for breach中的liability均不可数。不过，damages 和damage 单复数形式表示不同含义但混用的情况也不少见。business enterprises 译为商业企业较好。more exclusions 与保险有关，最好用保险行话，站在保险公司的角度，就是不承保，除外责任。expensive and time-consuming litigation 中的expensive，指“花钱多”，商品和服务可以说“昂贵”。indemnification, holdharmless, exoneration, advancement and reimbursement rights是几项权利并列，从受偿人享有的权利角度描述，最好能体现出来。

参考译文：公司董事会（“董事会”）已决定：为吸引和留住合格人才，公司将力争自费持续维持责任险，使得为公司及其子公司服务的人士免于承担某些责任。尽管提供此类保险已是公众公司和其他商业企业的通常和普遍做法，但公司认为：鉴于当前的市场状况和趋势，公司将来支付更高的保费并接受更多的除外责任，才能购买到此类保险。同时，为公司或商业企业服务的董事、高管和其他人士被提起花费巨大、耗时持久的诉讼的情形越来越多，而这些诉讼涉及（其中包括）传统上只向公司或商业企业提起的事项。公司经修订和重述的章程（“章程”）规定了为公司高管和董事提供弥偿的条款。章程明确规定，其中载明的弥偿条款并非排他性的，因此设想公司与董事会成员、高管和其他人士可就取得弥偿、免责、免除、垫款和偿还的权利签订合同；

(C) The uncertainties relating to such insurance and to indemnification have increased the difficulty of attracting and retaining such persons;

解析：这句简单，机器也可翻译。试试在不改变意思的前提下，译出其他版本。

参考译文：此类保险和弥偿带有不确定性，使得吸引和留住人才的难度加大；

(D) The Board has determined that the increased difficulty in attracting and retaining such persons is detrimental to the best interests of the Company’s shareholders and that the Company should act to assure such persons that there will be increased certainty of such protection in the future;

解析：注意assure的用法。

参考译文：董事会已决定：吸引和留住人才的难度加大，有损公司股东的最佳利益，公司应有所行动，使这些人才确信他们将来获得保护的确定性会提高；

(D) It is reasonable, prudent and necessary for the Company contractually to obligate itself to indemnify, hold harmless, exonerate and to advance expenses on behalf of, such persons to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law so that they will serve or continue to serve the Company free from undue concern that they will not be so protected against liabilities;

解析：这句理解上没啥困难，表达可以多样，意思不变就行。不过，可以留心英文的几处表达：to advance expenses前面加个to 有什么好处？applicable law 中的law用单数，成不成立？

参考译文：公司负起合同义务，在适用法律允许的最大限度内为这些人士提供弥偿、免责和免除，并代表他们垫付费用，使他们会供职或继续供职于公司而不必过于担心他们不会被免于担责，实属合理、审慎和必要之举；

(E) This Agreement is a supplement to and in furtherance of the Articles and any resolutions adopted pursuant thereto, and shall not be deemed a substitute therefor, nor to diminish or abrogate anyrights of Indemnitee thereunder;

解析：therefor和thereunder指的是什么，怎么译得准确和简洁？

参考译文：本协议旨在补充和推进章程以及根据章程通过的任何决议，不得视为是对章程和这些决议的取代，也不得视为削弱或减损受偿人在章程和这些决议项下的任何权利；

(F) Indemnitee may not be willing to serve as an officer or director, advisor or in another capacity without adequate protection, and the Company desires Indemnitee to serve in such capacity.Indemnitee is willing to serve, continue to serve and to take on additional service for or on behalf of the Company on the condition that he be so indemnified; and

解析：句中serve和continue to serve中两个serve 的宾语是？

参考译文：受偿人在未获得足够保护的情况下不一定愿意担任高管或董事、顾问或其他职务，而公司希望受偿人担任相关职务。受偿人在获得弥偿的前提条件下，愿意供职、继续供职于公司以及为了或者代表公司担任其他职务；及

3 INDEMNITY IN THIRD-PARTY PROCEEDINGS

To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law,the Company shall indemnify, hold harmless and exonerate Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3 if Indemnitee was, is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or a participant (as a witness, deponent orotherwise) in any Proceeding, other than a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of Indemnitee’s Corporate Status. Pursuant to this Section 3, Indemnitee shall be indemnified, heldharmless and exonerated against all Expenses, judgments, liabilities, fines,penalties and amounts paid in settlement (including all interest, assessments and other charges paid or payable in connection with or in respect of such Expenses, judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in settlement) actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on his behalf in connection with suchProceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and, in the case of a criminal Proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

解析：这里有几个定义词，由于是节选的，看不到定义，翻译时要照顾到字面含义和法律含义。另外，有同义词并列现象，应尽量译出，实在译不出，合并也可。

Assessments的准确含义应是“经评估/评定后征收的款项”，简化模糊处理也是可以的。is threatened to be made 似可译得更简洁地道。

参考译文：

第三方法律程序中的弥偿

如果受偿人曾经是、当前是或者受威胁成为任何法律程序（公司为获得对其有利的判决，因受偿人的公司身份提起的或者凭借公司权利提起的法律程序除外）的当事人或参与方（无论是作为证人、宣誓证人或其他身份），公司应在适用法律允许的最大限度内根据本第3条的规定为受偿人提供弥偿、免责和免除。根据本第3条的规定，凡属受偿人或其代表就该法律程序或其中的任何诉求、争点或事项而实际合理发生的费用、判决、责任、罚金、罚款及支付的和解款（包括该等费用、判决、责任、罚金、罚款及支付的和解款涉及的已付或应付的所有利息、估征款和其他费用），受偿人均应获得弥偿、免责和免除，但前提是受偿人真诚行事，行事方式在他合理看来符合或者不违背公司的最佳利益（对于刑事法律程序，受偿人没有合理理由认为其行为违法）。

5 INDEMNIFICATION FOR EXPENSES OF A PARTY WHO IS WHOLLY OR PARTLY SUCCESSFUL

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement except for Section 27, to the extent that Indemnitee was or is, by reason of Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, a party to (or a participant in) and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, in whole or in part, the Company shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, indemnify, hold harmless and exonerate Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding, the Company shall,to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, indemnify, hold harmless and exonerate Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issueor matter. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding, the Company also shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law,indemnify, hold harmless and exonerate Indemnitee against all Expenses reasonably incurred in connection with a claim, issue or matter related to any claim,issue, or matter on which Indemnitee was successful. For purposes of thisSection 5 and without limitation, the termination of any claim, issue or matterin such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such claim, issue or matter.

解析：与前段在内容上有重复，但角度不一样，受偿人本身是一方当事人。内部重复是法律翻译的一大特点，一方面可以照抄，另一方面应保持一致性。另外，with or withoutprejudice见出法律翻译素养。

参考译文：

弥偿取得全部或部分胜诉的当事人的费用

尽管本协议有任何其他规定（第27条除外），如果受偿人因其公司身份曾经是或当前是任何法律程序的当事人（或参与方），并且在该法律程序或其中的任何诉求、争点或事项的抗辩中，在实体权利或其他方面取得全部或部分胜诉，则对于受偿人就此实际合理发生的所有费用，公司均应在适用法律允许的最大限度内为受偿人提供弥偿、免责和免除。如果受偿人在该法律程序中并未获得全面胜诉，而是在该法律程序的一项或多项但不是全部诉求、争点或事项中取得实体权利或其他方面的胜诉，则对于受偿人或其代表就每一项胜诉的诉求、争点或事项而实际合理发生的费用，公司均应在适用法律允许的最大限度内为受偿人提供弥偿、免责和免除。如果受偿人在该法律程序中没有取得全面胜诉，对于受偿人胜诉的任何诉求、争点或事项所涉及的诉求、争点或事项合理发生的所有费用，公司还应在适用法律允许的最大限度内为受偿人提供弥偿、免责和免除。就本第5条而言（但不限于以下情形），驳回起诉（无论是否影响再次起诉）而终止法律程序中的任何诉求、争点或事项，即应视为取得相关诉求、争点或事项的胜诉。