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Part1
Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.（Text 4. 2012. 英一）
1. 词汇讲解
单词
解释
repeatedly
adv. 反复地；屡次地
backload
v.(签订协议后的)增加费用
sector
n.部门；领域 ；行业
pension
n. 退休金，抚恤金；津贴
modest
adj.谦虚的；不太大(或太贵、太重要等)
generous
adj.丰富的；充足的；大的
public-sector
公共部门，注意不要翻译成“共有部门”，这两个概念不一样
add to
加入，加到；增加
pay deals
工资待遇
keep sth.
adj. 表示保持，即“保持工资增长不大”，优化后即为“虽然工资增长幅度不大”
2.句子成分
2.1 主干
Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals
Politicians 主语
have repeatedly “backloaded” 谓语
public-sector pay deals 宾语
主干是主谓宾结构
谓语组成部分中的repeatedly修饰动词，实际上谓语就是一个have done 现在完成时结构。
2.2 伴随状语
keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions
现在分词做伴随状语，两个伴随状语（keeping、adding）靠连接词 but连接
伴随状语，它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。
伴随状语常用的四种形式
a. 分词doing/done作伴随状语
b. 用独立主格结构
c. 用with复合结构
（with表示“有着、拿着、随着”时常常都是伴随状语）
d. 用形容词
2.3 从句
that are already generous
that引导的定语从句
3. 翻译讲解
Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.（Text 4. 2012. 英一）
参考译文: 政治家们再三“变相提高”公共部门的工资待遇，虽然工资增长幅度不大，但假日增加了，尤其是增加了原来就已经非常高的养老金。
Part2
Critics have not been slow to note that the acquisition makes a 13-person company, which is barely two years old, worth more than the New York Times, among many other famous brands.——the Economist
1.词汇讲解
单词
意思
Critics
n. 评论家；批评者；吹毛求疵的人（critic 的复数）
acquisition
n. 获得物，获得；收购
brands
n. 品牌，商标；类型 v. 败坏（某人）名声；
2.句子成分
2.1 主干
Critics have not been slow to note
评论人士很快就注意到，这里用的not slow是正话反说，表示“很快”
2.2 从句
that the acquisition makes a 13-person company worth more than the New York Times, among many other famous brands.
that引导的宾语从句
中间插了个which引导的主语从句
which is barely two years old
3. 翻译讲解
Critics have not been slow to note that the acquisition makes a 13-person company, which is barely two years old, worth more than the New York Times, among many other famous brands.——the Economist
参考译文：评论人士很快注意到了这次收购让这家成立刚刚两年、一共才13个人的公司的价值超过了包括《纽约时报》在内的许多著名品牌。
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