Filtered Decks & Cramming

当你在 Anki 学习一个正常牌组时，只会显示有限数量的卡片：Anki 认为你即将忘记的卡片，以及每日新卡片的限制。这通常是有用的，因为它可以确保你不会花更多的时间学习。但有时，跳出这些正常限制是有用的，比如当你需要复习考试、关注特定材料等时。为了实现这一点，Anki 提供了一种不同类型的牌组，称为“筛选牌组”。

When you study a regular deck in Anki, only a limited number of cards are shown: the cards Anki thinks you are about to forget, and a daily limit of new cards. This is generally useful, as it ensures you don't spend more time studying than necessary. But sometimes it can be useful to step outside of these normal limits, such as when you need to review for a test, focus on particular material, and so on. To make this possible, Anki provides a different type of deck called a 'filtered deck'.

筛选牌组提供了很多可能性。它们可以用于预览卡片、在考试前拼命学习卡片、学习特定标签的卡片、用特定排序顺序处理积压的卡片、提前复习、查看当天失败的卡片等等。

Filtered decks offer a lot of possibilities. They can be used for previewing cards, cramming cards before a test, studying particular tags, catching up on a backlog with a particular sort order, reviewing ahead of schedule, going over the day's failed cards, and more.

Custom Study

创建筛选牌组的最简单方法是使用“自定义学习”按钮，当你单击牌组时，该按钮会显示在屏幕底部。它为常见任务提供了一些方便的预设筛选器，比如查看当天失败的卡片。它将创建一个名为“自定义学习进程”的筛选牌组，并自动为你打开。

The easiest way to create a filtered deck is with the Custom Study button, which appears at the bottom of the screen when you click on a deck. It offers some convenient preset filters for common tasks like reviewing the cards that you have failed that day. It will create a filtered deck called "Custom Study Session" and automatically open it for you.

如果存在现有的“自定义学习进程”牌组，则在创建新的之前，该牌组将被清空。如果你希望保留自定义学习牌组，可以从牌组列表中对其进行重命名。

If an existing "Custom Study Session" deck exists, it will be emptied before a new one is created. If you wish to keep a custom study deck, you can rename it from the deck list.

Here is a summary of each of the options:

Increase today's new card limit

在你当前正在学习的牌组中添加更多的新卡片。请注意，与其他选项不同，这不会创建新的筛选牌组，而是修改现有牌组。

Add more new cards to the deck you are currently studying. Note that unlike other options, this does 'not' create a new filtered deck, it modifies the existing deck.

Increase today's review card limit

如果由于每日复习卡限制，没有显示今天到期的所有复习卡，则此选项允许你显示更多复习卡。与新卡选项一样，这会修改现有的牌组。

If not all reviews due today were shown because of the daily review limit, this option allows you to show more of them. As with the new cards option, this modifies the existing deck.

Review forgotten cards

显示你在指定天数内回答“重来（1）”的所有卡片。

Show all the cards, for which you've answered Again (1) within the number of days you specify.

Review ahead

显示在不久的将来到期的卡片（指定的天数）。这对假期前复习一些旧卡片很有用，但对你最近学的卡片没有帮助。有关更多信息，请参阅下面的提前复习部分。

Show cards that will be due in the near future (the number of days you specify). This is useful for working through some of your older cards before a vacation, but it will not help with cards you have learnt recently. Please see the reviewing ahead section below for more info.

Preview new cards

显示你最近添加的卡片，不要在回答时将其转换为复习卡。

Show cards that you have recently added, without converting them to review cards as they are answered.

Study by card state or tag

从当前牌组中选择一定数量的卡片进行学习。你可以选择只选择新卡、只选择到期卡或选择所有卡；点击“选择标签”后，你还可以通过标签限制选卡片。如果你想看到牌组中的所有卡片（例如，在大考前学习），你可以将卡片的数量设置为多于牌组中卡片的数量。

only, due cards only, or all cards; after you click "Choose Tags", you can also limit the selected cards by tags. If you wish to see all the cards in the deck (for instance, to study before a big test), you can set the number of cards to more than the number of cards in the deck.

Home Decks

当一张卡片被移动到一个经过筛选的牌组时，它会保留一个到该牌组的链接。前一牌组就是主牌组。

When a card is moved to a filtered deck, it retains a link to the deck, from which it came. That previous deck is said to be the card's 'home deck'.

卡片在经过筛选的牌组中进行学习后，会自动返回到主牌组。根据你的设置，这可以在一次复习后进行，也可以在多次复习后进行。

Cards automatically return to their home deck after they are studied in the filtered deck. This can be after a single review, or after multiple reviews, depending on your settings.

也可以同时将所有卡片移回其主牌组：

It is also possible to move all cards back to their home decks at once:

The "Empty" button in the study overview moves all cards in the filtered deck back to their home deck, but does not delete the empty filtered deck. This can be useful if you want to fill it again later (using the Rebuild button).

Deleting a filtered deck does the same thing as "Empty" does, but also removes the emptied deck from the deck list. No cards are deleted when you delete a filtered deck.

在旧的排程算法中，如果在卡片仍在正在学习期间创建、重建、清空或删除筛选牌组，它们将被重新转换为新卡片。如果重新学习中的复习失败，则将跳过任何剩余的重新学习步骤。此问题已在 v2 调度程序中修复，因此不再重置卡。

In the old scheduler, if you create, rebuild, empty, or delete a filtered deck while cards are still in learning, they will be turned back into new cards. In the case of failed reviews in relearning, any remaining relearning steps will be skipped. This was fixed in the v2 scheduler so cards are no longer reset.

Creating Manually

高级用户可以创建具有任意搜索字符串（或“筛选器”）的筛选牌组，而不是依赖于预设的筛选器。若要手动创建筛选牌组，请从“工具”菜单中选择“创建筛选牌组”。

Advanced users can create filtered decks with arbitrary search strings (or 'filters'), instead of relying on the preset filters. To create a filtered deck manually, choose Create Filtered Deck from the Tools menu.

当你单击“创建筛选牌组”按钮时，Anki 会找到与你指定的设置匹配的卡片，并将它们从现有卡片组临时移动到你的新筛选牌组中进行学习。

When you click the Build button, Anki finds cards that match the settings you specified, and temporarily moves them from their existing decks into your new filtered deck for study.

如果你希望使用相同的筛选选项再次提取卡片（例如，如果你希望每天学习具有特定标签的所有卡片），可以使用牌组概览屏幕底部的“重建”按钮。

If you wish to fetch cards again using the same filter options (for instance, if you want to study all cards with a particular tag every day), you can use the Rebuild button at the bottom of the deck's overview screen.

搜索区域控制 Anki 将收集哪些卡片。浏览界面中所有可能的搜索也可以用于筛选牌组，例如限定标签、查找被遗忘一定次数的卡片等。有关不同可能性的更多信息，请参阅手册的搜索部分。

The search area controls what cards Anki will gather. All of the searches possible in the browser are also possible for filtered decks, such as limiting to tags, finding cards forgotten a certain number of times, and so on. Please see the searching section of the manual for more information on the different possibilities.

筛选牌组不能拉入暂停、搁置或已经在不同筛选牌组中的卡片。如果你使用的是 v1 排程算法，（重新）学习中的卡片也不会包括在内。出于这个原因，可能会发现在浏览界面中的搜索出来的卡片最终没有出现在筛选牌组中。

Filtered decks cannot pull in cards that are suspended, buried, or already in a different filtered deck. And if you are using the v1 scheduler, cards in (re)learning will not be included either. For this reason, a search in the browser may reveal cards that do not end up in the filtered deck.

“上限”选项控制牌组中收集的卡片数。你选择的顺序控制着卡片的收集顺序，以及它们将被复习的顺序。例如，如果你选择“遗忘次数由大到小”和 20 张的限制，那么 Anki 将只向你显示遗忘次数最多的 20 张卡。

The limit option controls how many cards will be gathered into the deck. The order you select controls both the order cards are gathered in, and the order they will be reviewed in. If you select "most lapses" and a limit of 20 for example, then Anki will show you only the 20 most lapsed cards.

Order

“卡片选择方式”选项控制卡片的显示顺序。如果你选择的最大卡片数量低于符合筛选条件的卡片数量，Anki 将首先排除此排序列表末尾的卡片。

The "cards selected by" option controls the order that cards will appear in. If the maximum number of cards you select is lower than the number of cards that match the filter criteria, Anki will exclude the cards at the end of this sorted list first.

Oldest seen first

先展示那些你已经很久没有在复习中看到的卡片了。

Display those cards first, that you haven't seen in reviews for the longest time.

Random

随机化符合筛选条件的所有卡片的顺序（不使用设置顺序）。

Randomize the order of all cards that match the filter criteria (use no set order).

Increasing intervals

首先显示间隔最小的卡片。

Display cards that have the smallest interval first.

Decreasing intervals

首先显示间隔最大的卡片。

Display cards that have the largest interval first.

Most lapses

先展示遗忘次数最多的卡片。

Display those cards first, that you have failed the most times.

Order added

显示你首先添加的卡片（即创建日期最早的卡片）。

Display cards that you added first (i.e. those cards that have the earliest creation date).

Order due

首先显示到期日期最早的卡片。

Display cards with the earliest due date first.

Latest added first

首先显示你最近添加到牌组中的那些牌。（这与“按添加顺序”相反。）

Display those cards first, that you have most recently added to the deck. (This is the opposite of 'Order added'.)

Relative overdueness

首先显示与当前间隔相关的逾期最多的卡（例如，当前间隔为 5 天逾期 2 天的卡片显示在当前间隔为 5 年逾期 1 周的卡之前）。如果你有大量的积压工作，可能需要一些时间才能完成，并且你想先复习那些你最容易忘记的卡片，这是很有用的。

Display those cards first, that are most overdue in relation to their current interval (for instance, a card with a current interval of 5 days overdue by 2 days displays before a card with a current interval of 5 years overdue by a week). This is useful if you have a large backlog that may take some time to get through and you want to review those cards first, that you are most in danger of forgetting.

Steps & Returning

请参阅关于学习的部分，以提醒你步骤是如何工作的。

Please see the section on learning as a reminder of how steps work.

默认情况下，Anki 将使用卡片主牌组的步骤。如果一张新卡片在学习时通常会被学习两次，那么当你在筛选牌组中学习时，同样的事情也会发生。

By default, Anki will use the steps of a card’s home deck. If a new card would normally be reviewed twice when being learnt, the same thing will happen when you study it in a filtered deck.

当（重新）学习完成时，卡片会回到它们的主牌组。因此，如果你有 3 个学习步骤，一张新卡将在三次按下“良好”或一次按下“简单”后返回其主牌组。

Cards return to their home deck when (re)learning is complete. Thus if you have 3 learning steps, a new card will return to its home deck upon three presses of "Good" or a single press of "Easy".

v1 and v2 scheduler

在 v1 排程算法中，自定义步骤选项允许你覆盖主牌组的步骤，并提供自己的步骤。提供的步骤适用于正在学习的卡片、遗忘的复习和提前复习。但是，请注意，v2 排程算法在新窗口打开筛选牌组不再支持自定义步骤在新窗口打开。

In the v1 scheduler, the custom steps option allows you to override the home deck’s steps and provide your own steps instead. The provided steps apply to both cards being learnt, lapsed reviews, and reviews ahead of time. Please note, however, that from the v2 scheduler filtered decks no longer support custom steps.

v3 scheduler

禁用重新调度的筛选牌组在 v3 排程算法在新窗口打开中显示 4 个按钮-提供的延迟适用于 “重来” 按钮，“困难/良好” 将使用提供的延迟的 1.5 倍和 2 倍。“简单” 将取出卡片。

Filtered decks with rescheduling disabled show 4 buttons in the v3 scheduler - the provided delay applies to the Again button, and Hard/Good will use 1.5x and 2x the provided delay. Easy will remove the card.

Counts

在筛选牌组中，已经到期的复习卡片将正常显示在复习计数中。由于隐含的工作方式，学习卡片和未到期复习卡片被计入新卡片计数。然而，未到期的复习卡片不像新卡片那样调度：Anki 使用了一种特殊的算法，该算法考虑到复习时离正常到期时间有多近。

In a filtered deck, reviews that were already due are displayed in the review count as normal. Learning cards and non-due reviews are counted in the new card count, due to how the underlying implementation works. Reviews that were not due are not scheduled like new cards however: Anki uses a special algorithm that takes into account how close they were to their normal due time when reviewed.

Due Reviews

如果筛选牌组中包括到期应复习的卡片，它们将像在原来牌组中一样显示：它们显示在屏幕底部的复习卡片计数中，有四个选项可供选择，以确定你的记忆力。答案正确后，卡片将移回其主牌组，并使用主牌组的设置调整下一次延迟。如果你忘记了卡片，它将根据主牌中定义的重新学习步骤显示。

If the filtered deck includes cards that were due for review, they will be shown like they would have been in their original deck: they appear in the review card count at the bottom of the screen, and there are four choices for how well you remembered. Upon a correct answer, the card will be moved back to its home deck, and its next delay adjusted using the home deck's settings. If you forget the card, it will be shown according to the relearning steps defined in the home deck.

Reviewing Ahead

如果你的搜索包含未到期的卡片，Anki 将提前显示复习卡。

If your search included cards that are not due, Anki will show the reviews ahead of time.

Anki 对这些复习卡片使用了一种特殊的算法，该算法考虑到你复习的时间有多早。如果卡片即将显示，它们将被给予新的延迟，类似于如果你按时复习它们，它们会收到的延迟。然而，如果卡片在调度后不久就被复习，那么它们的新延迟将与以前的延迟类似。此计算按滑动比例进行。

Anki uses a special algorithm for these reviews that takes into account how early you are reviewing. If the cards were almost due to be shown, they will be given a new delay similar to what they would have received if you had reviewed them on time. If the cards are reviewed soon after they were scheduled however, their new delay will be similar to their previous delay. This calculation works on a sliding scale.

由于在调度后不久复习卡片对计划的影响很小（例如，如果提前复习，间隔一天明天到期的卡片将在明天到期），因此“提前复习”自定义学习设置不适合重复使用。如果习惯于在旅行前浏览一周的卡片，那么成熟的卡片将被重新安排到未来，新的卡片将以较小的间隔保留，因为你对它们不够了解，无法进一步重新调度。如果你第二天再次提前复习，你最终所做的就是再次复习同样的新卡片，但收效甚微。

Because reviewing a card shortly after it is scheduled has little impact on scheduling (e.g. a card due tomorrow with a one day interval will remain due tomorrow if reviewed early), the "review ahead" custom study setting is not appropriate for repeated use. If used to go through a week's worth of cards before a trip, the mature cards will be rescheduled into the future and the new cards will remain at small intervals, because you don't know them well enough for them to be rescheduled further. If you review ahead again the next day, all you'll end up doing is going through those same new cards again, to little benefit.

早期复习包含在新卡片计数中，而不是复习计数中，并且将根据主牌组中定义的重新学习步骤数显示（除非你提供了自定义步骤）。这意味着，如果你在主牌组中自定义了重新学习的步骤数，则未到期卡可能会显示不止一次。

Early reviews are included in the new card count rather than the review count, and will be shown according to the number of relearning steps defined in the home deck (unless you have provided custom steps). This means that if you have customized the number of relearning steps in the home deck, the non-due card may be shown more than once.

如果你有多个步骤，Anki 在决定下一个延迟时只会考虑第一个答案，就像在普通牌组中重新学习一样，“良好”和“简单”的区别只在于步骤的变化，而不是由此产生的延迟。

If you have multiple steps, Anki will only consider the first answer when deciding the next delay, and like relearning in normal decks, "Good" and "Easy" differ only in the step change and not the resulting delay.

Rescheduling

默认情况下，Anki 会根据你在筛选牌组中的表现，将排程变化的卡片返回到主牌组。有一个“基于此牌组的作答情况，对卡片重新排程”的选项可以改变这种行为。

By default, Anki will return cards to their home decks with altered scheduling, based on your performance in the filtered deck. There is a reschedule cards based on my answers option available which alters this behaviour.

在 v2 排程算法在新窗口打开中，当重新安排被禁用时，卡片将以简单的“预览模式”显示，当它们返回到原来牌组时，它们返回时将和开始时一样。

From the v2 scheduler, when rescheduling is disabled, cards are shown in a simple "preview mode", and when they are returned to the original deck, they are returned exactly as they started.

在 v1 排程算法中，卡片的呈现方式与正常情况更为相似，但学习卡片会产生副作用，当你学习新卡片时，新卡片的原始位置会丢失。

In the v1 scheduler, cards were presented more similarly to how they normally are, but studying cards had side effects, and the original position of new cards was lost when you studied them.

Catching Up

当你在复习卡片中落后时，筛选牌组可以帮助你迎头赶上。一位 Anki 用户描述了他们使用筛选牌组的方式，如下所示：

Filtered decks can be useful for catching up when you've fallen behind in your reviews. One Anki user describes the way they use the filtered decks to catch up as follows: