2018年考研英语(一)阅读真题祥解Text 3

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2018年考研英语(一)阅读真题祥解Text 3

2023-08-15 20:17| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

2018年考研英语(一)阅读真题祥解Text 3——出题的思路

AI Applied to Healthcare

 

【1段】①Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. ②DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. ③The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. ④It is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.

【生词】fair-minded adj.公正的,公平的, narrow-minded心胸狭窄的 ,absent-minded心不在焉的;

fair [feə(r)] 公平的; 合理的; 相当多的; 浅色的; 白皙的;  fairy仙子

assessment [əˈsesmənt] n.评估; 评价;

★assess [əˈses] vt.评定; 估价(屁股+s)

assess 原义指对地主,(他屁股下坐了多少地),为确定交多少税而估计,引申指通过估价以便更好利用。

asset 资产;

Deal协议;(尤指)交易,生意

dealing with与…交易; 应付; 对待

a good deal许多

protocol [ˈprəʊtəkɒl]; (数据传递的)协议,(外交条约的)草案;

agreement[əˈɡriːmənt]n.协定;agreement 普通用词,含义最确定,泛指个人、团体或国家之间取得一致而达成的任何协议、协定或合同、契约等,可以是口头的,也可以是书面的。

damning [ˈdæmɪŋ](罪证等) 确凿的;  

take account of sth | take sth into account考虑;

lead to导致;

【参考译文】在对英国国民医疗服务体系和深度思维公司之间的交易做出任何公正的风险评估前,首先必须承认双方合作是出于好意。深度思维公司是全球领先的人工智能公司之一。将人工智能应用于医疗保健服务领域的潜力是巨大的,但这也可能导致权利进一步集中于科技巨头。正是在这种背景下,英国信息委员会专员伊丽莎白·邓哈姆女士对NHS下属的皇家自由医院信托基金会做出了证据确凿的违法裁定,该信托基金会在2015年根据一项模糊的协议将160万名患者的病历交给了深度思维公司,这项协议基本没有考虑到患者的权利及其隐私权期望。

【句子讲解】①句是复合句。主句的主语是 Any fair-minded assessment.谓语是 must start;介词短语 of the dangers作后置定语修饰 assessment,介词短语 of the danger作后置定语修饰 danger介词短语 between Britain’s National and DeepMind作后置定语;修饰 the deal;介词短语 by acknowledging作方式状语,其中that引导的宾语从句作acknowledging的宾语。从句的主语为 both sides,谓语为mean,副词Well作状语。

 

【2段】①DeepMind has almost apologized. ②The NHS trust has mended its ways. ③Further arrangements—and there may be many—between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinized to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. ④There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. ⑤But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. ⑥Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed” it. ⑦But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.

【参考译文】深度思维公司已经发表了近乎道歉的说辞。NHS信托基金会也已改过自新。但两者之间进一步的协定(可能会有很多)将受到严格审查,以确保征得患者所有必要的许可,所有不需要的数据都已被清除。我们应该从过往的有关患者知情同意书的事件中吸取教训。而隐私权并不是看待这个案例的唯视角甚至不是最重要的一个。邓哈姆女士决定将责任归咎于NHS信托基金会,因为根据现行法律,基金会“掌控”着数据,而深度思维公司只是“处理”了数据。但是,这种区别不得要领,即赋予数字价值的是数字的处理和整合,而非单单拥有数字。

【句子讲解】⑦句是一个复合句。主句由“主语( this distinction)+谓语( misses)+宾语( the point)”构成,that引导的同位语从句解释说明 the point;该从句为it is... that结构的强调句型强调主语processing and aggregation。从句的谓语是gives间接宾语是the data,直接宾语是value,名词短语not the mere possession of bits补充说明主语。句首的连词But承接上句表转折.

which handed over to DeepMind the records=which handed over the records of 1.6 million patients(间接宾语)  to   DeepMind(直接宾语),这里是宾语后置。

 

 

 

【3段】①The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. ②Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. ③That misses the way the surveillance economy works. ④The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.

【参考译文】重要的问题在于,谁该从基于我们生活现在形成的数据分析中得益?隐私法建构于“个人的可识别信息会对其带来伤害”这一观念之上。这忽略了“监视经济”的运作方式。在这一方式下,个人数据只有在与不计其数的他人数据作比较时才能体现其价值。

【句子讲解】④句是一个复合句。主句由“主语( The data)+谓语( gains)+宾语( its value)”构成;介词短语 of an individual作后置定语修饰data;副词 there作状语;when引导的时间状语从句作主句的时间状语从句的主语是it,谓语 is compared使用了一般现在式的被动语态介词短语 with the data作状语介词短语 of countless millions more作后置定语,修饰data副词only作状语。

③That misses the way the surveillance economy works. =That misses the way that the surveillance economy works.

 

【4段】①The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. ②This practice does not address the real worry. ③It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. ④What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. ⑤If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as big pharma has done. ⑥We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. ⑦A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. ⑧Ms Denham’s report is a welcome start.

【参考译文】在这种情况下,利用隐私法来约束科技巨头有些不太合适。这种做法并不能解决真正的担忧。仅仅说深度思维公司开发的算法将会造福病人和拯救生命是不够的.关键是,这些算法将属于使用公共资源来对其进行开发的某个私人垄断企业。如果软件在拯救生命方面可望达到药物的水平,那么大数据也有望发挥和大型制药公司相同的作用。我们尚处于这场革命的初期阶段,现在微不足道的选择都可能会在以后产生巨大的后果.为避免数字化封建主义的到来,我们需要进行长期的斗争。邓哈姆女士的报告是一个好的开端。

curb [kɜ:b]:a horse's bit with an attached chain or strap to check  the horse(原意:《木兰诗》中有:东市买辔头。也就是马头上的,用来控制马的链子,皮绳。)

n.  限制,抑制; 勒马绳,马衔索; (人行道的)镶边; (证券的)场外市场;

vt.  制止,束缚; 给(马)扣上马衔; 给…加路缘; 在…处设井栏;

Maladapted不适应的(mala=badly)

adapted适合的

 【句子讲解】④What matters,系动词是is,that引导的表语从句作表语从句由“主语(they)+谓语( will belong to)宾语( a private monopoly)"构成; Which引导的定语从句,修饰monopoly从句中, Which代替先行词 a private monopoly/作主语谓语是 developed,宾语是them现在分词短语 using public resources作方式状语。

【句子讲解】⑤句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 big data,谓语may be expected使用了一般现在式的被动语态,动词不定式短语to behave作主语补足语其中as引导的方式状语从句作主句的方式状语从句中主语是 a big pharma,谓语 has done使用了现在完成式。if引导的条件状语从句作主句的条件状语;从句的结构为“主语( software)+谓语( promises)+宾语( to save lives)”;介词短语on the scale.作状语,其中that引导的定语从句修饰 the scale,该从句是个省略句补充完整为 that drugs now can save lives,从句的主语为 drugs,谓语是 can save宾语是lives,副词now作时间状语。

 

31. What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind?

[A] It fell short of the latter's expectations.

[B It failed to pay due attention to patients' rights.

[C] It caused conflicts among tech giants.

[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.

【题干译文】关于NHS和 DeepMind之间的协议,下列哪项说法正确?

它未达到后者的期望。

B.它未对患者的权利给予应有的重视

C.它引起了科技巨头之间的冲突

D.它使双方都陷入危险的境地。

【模糊定位】本题干没有看出什么有用的信息,但从34、35可反推本文是关于“医疗卫生协议的担忧”,那么“关于NHS和 DeepMind之间的协议”可能是医疗卫生方面的,只有它未对患者的权利给予应有的重视。是正确答案。

【精准定位】根据题干agreement定位至首段末句中which定语从句部分:NHS下属

的皇家自由信托医院把数据交由Deep mind负责是基于一项不明确的协议协议远没有对患者权利及其隐私权期望进行考虑.可见[B]符合文义。

【命题解密】正确项[B]同义替换原文 took far too little account of the patients' rights。

【难点】将take account of sth短语, 加入了 far too little表示否定。

32.The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with

【题干译文】NHS信托对 Wenhan裁定的回应

[A]empty promises.空头支票

[B] tough resistance.粗暴干涉

[C] necessary adjustments.必要调整

[D] sincere apologies.真诚道歉

【模糊定位】NHS信托对 Wenhan裁定的回应,既然是verdict(陪审团的)裁决;NHS trust必须行动。答案可能是[C] necessary adjustments.必要调整,or [D] sincere apologies.真诚道歉.

【精准定位】第二段②③句指出NHS信托对 Wenhan裁定的回应:已纠正了其错误行为;其与DeepMind的协议会受到仔细审查以确保所有要使用的内容都取得患者允许,所有不必要的数据则加以清除,可见[C]正确。

【命题解密】[C]意同2句has mended its ways,并概括了③句 Further arrangements will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all.所体现的具体补救措施。

 

33. The author argues in Paragraph 2 that

[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.

[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.

[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.

[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it.

【题干译文】在第二段中,作者主张

A.必须不惜一切代价保护隐私

B.泄漏患者的数据比出售它更糟糕

C.从患者数据中获利是违法的

D.数据的价值来源于对它的处理

 

【精准定位】第二段末句指出作者对6句Ms. Denham裁定依据(判NHS违法因为它才是数据拥有者,而 Deep Mind只是处理数据而已)的看法:不得要领( misses the point):“让数据拥有价的,是处理和集成它们,而不是掌控它们”,[D]正确。

【命题解密】[D]是第二段末句 it is processing and aggregation. , that gives the data value的同义改写。

 

34. According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is

[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.

[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.

[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.

[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.

【模糊定位】D.科技巨头对大数据的垄断,这是政治的正确。

 

【题干译文】根据最后一段,这一协议引发的真正担忧是

A.大型制药公司之间的恶性竞争

B.隐私法的无效执行

C.不加控制地使用新软件

D.科技巨头对大数据的垄断

 

【精准定位】根据题干关键词real Worry定位至末段2句:“聚焦隐私”并不能解决真正的烦恼;④句指出真正的问题所在(What matters is.):那些利用公共资源得以开发的算法,竟归属私人垄断企业(也即①句提到的the tech giants);并在⑤句类比说明其危险:会和大制药企业如今所做的那样(即垄断药物,伤及患者利益),可见作者认为这一事件的矛头应指向垄断数据的科技巨头,[D]正确。

【命题解密】[D]是对原文they will belong to a private monopoly的同义改写。

 

35. The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is

[A] ambiguous.(am爱,bi两个,gu=go;)

[B] cautious.(caut=care+ious……的)

[C] appreciative.(ap=to强调+preci=price =value+ate表动词+ive)

[D] contemptuous.(con共同+tempt尝试)(大家都能试下→没什么了不起→轻视,藐视)

attempt努力,尝试,企图

【题干译文】作者对人工智能应用于医疗保健领域的态度是

A.模棱两可的

B.谨慎的

C.赞赏的

D.鄙视的

【模糊定位】从31到34,说是有个协议,经到法院,不太好。由35可知这协议是关于AI在卫生方面的应用。从而可知35答案是偏负面的。应是[B] cautious谨慎的;

不可能是[A] ambiguous模棱两可的;也不可能是[D] contemptuous鄙视的,[C] appreciative.与34题干中worry不致。

 

 

【精准定位】由题干关键词A所对应的 software、 big data等词定位至末段⑤至③句。⑥句指出“我们尚处于技术革命的初期,任何现在看似微不足道的决定都可能对未来产生巨大影响”,言下之意即“当前就‘高科技用于医疗’问题所做的任何决定都应周全考虑、谨慎行事”,可见[B]符合文义

【命题解密】[B]是对末段⑥句 small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences的概括。

 

一、数一数全文一共由几个段落组成

 

二、逐一阅读5道题目的题干(特别提示首先仔细申阅最后一道题目的题干)。

31. What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind?(快速阅读;定位点 NHS and DeepMind)

agreement, contract, treaty, convention, bargain, understanding, accord 这些名词均含"协定,协议,契约,合同"之意。

agreement 普通用词(gree=pleasing)  greedy [ˈɡriːdi]贪吃的

contract [ˈkɒntrækt] 书面合同或契约。(con =com =together ;tract=draw)

treaty 指国家之间经外交谈判后依照国际法签订的正式条约。(treat=handle)

convention 比treaty更专门化,但不及treaty正式。也可指国家之间就有关事情签订的条约。(ven=come)

bargain 通常指商业交往中的购销合同。

understanding 指不具约束力的非正式的协议。

accord 多指国际间的非正式协议。(ac=to ;cord=heart;通假g-h-k)

Deal协议;(尤指)交易,生意

protocol [ˈprəʊtəkɒl]; (数据传递的)协议,(外交条约的)草案; 

Arrangement n.安排; 筹划; 布置; 商定; 协议(range=rank,表示"排列,顺序")

【题干译文】关于NHS和 DeepMind之间的协议,下列哪项说法正确?说法和中心一致。

 

32.The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with

 

【题干译文】NHS信托对 Wenhan裁定的回应:

(对裁定能有什么回应,执行或上诉,答案与此相关)

trust[trʌst]信托基金机构; 公立医院

respond [rɪˈspɒnd]回答,响应,作出反应(re回+spond承诺,允诺)(承诺回去,回答)

respond  (to sb/sth) (with sth)

verdict [ˈvɜːdɪkt](陪审团的)裁决; 裁定 (ver真实+dict说→说真话)

 

 

33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that

 

【题干译文】在第二段中,作者认为:

是本段的主旨。可能在段首;段中有but 、if、等引导的从句,有比较句,有指代词,强调句等提示信息;可能在段尾。

34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is

【题干译文】根据最后一段,这一协议引发的真正担忧是:

the real worry arising 说明这个协议是负面的。

从31到34,说是有个协议,经到法院,不太好。由35可知这协议是关于AI在卫生方面的应用。从而可知35答案是偏负面的。应是[B] cautious谨慎的;

不可能是[A] ambiguous模棱两可的;也不可能是[D] contemptuous鄙视的,这种偏激的答案从来没有选过。[C] appreciative.与34题干中worry不一致。

 

35. The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is(定位点AI)

[A] ambiguous.(am爱,bi两个,gu=go;)

[B] cautious.(caut=care+ious……的)

[C] appreciative.(ap=to强调+preci=price =value+ate表动词+ive)

[D] contemptuous.(con共同+tempt尝试)(大家都能试下→没什么了不起→轻视,藐视)

attempt努力,尝试,企图

application (of sth) (to sth) 应用

   applicant [ˈæplɪkənt] 申请人,求职人; 请求者(ap=to,pli =to fold)

三、顺藤摸瓜

顺藤是顺着题干这根藤,摸到答案。也就是说:根据题干的具体情况和提示信息,利用不同的解题方法回到原文逐一寻找每一道题的准确答案信息来源或依据。答案必须有依据。

31. What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind?

关于NHS和 DeepMind之间的协议,下列哪项说法正确?

 

[A] It fell short of the latter's expectations.           A.它未达到后者的期望

[B It failed to pay due attention to patients' rights.     B.它未对患者的权利给予应有的重视

[C] It caused conflicts among tech giants.            C.它引起了科技巨头之间的冲突

[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.       D.它使双方都陷入危险的境地。

 

pay attention to注意;

pay due attention to应给予应有的注意

 

【模糊定位】本题干没有看出什么有用的信息,但从34、35可反推本文是关于“对医疗卫生协议的担忧”,那么“关于NHS和 DeepMind之间的协议”可能是医疗卫生方面的,只有B.未对患者的权利给予应有的重视与本文中心相关,可能是正确答案。

【精准定位】定位信息: the NHS and DeepMind,agreement

首先定位于①句,deal和assessment可以是同意转换,①句的中心是:它们的初衷是好的。在备选中没有。

其次根据题干agreement定位至1段 ④句中which定语从句部分:NHS下属

的皇家自由信托医院把数据交由Deep mind负责,是基于一项不明确的协议,协议远没有对患者权利及其隐私权期望进行考虑.可见[B]符合题义。

【命题解密】正确项[B]同义替换原文 took far too little account of the patients' rights。

【难点】将take account of sth短语, 加入了 far too little表示否定。

 

【1段】①Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. ②DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. ③The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. ④It is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.

 

32,The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with

【题干译文】NHS信托对 Wenhan裁定的回应

[A] empty promises.空头支票

[B] tough resistance.粗暴干涉

[C] necessary adjustments.必要调整

[D] sincere apologies.真诚道歉

【模糊定位】NHS信托对 Wenhan裁定的回应,既然是verdict(陪审团的)裁决;NHS trust必须行动。答案可能是[C] necessary adjustments.必要调整,[D] sincere apologies.。这是政治上的正确。

 

【精准定位】第二段②③句指出NHS信托对 Wenhan裁定的回应:已纠正了其错误行为;其与DeepMind的协议会受到仔细审查以确保所有要使用的内容都取得患者允许,所有不必要的数据则加以清除,可见[C]正确。

【命题解密】[C]意同2句has mended its ways,并概括了③句 Further arrangements will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all.所体现的具体补救措施。有可能看到①DeepMind has almost apologized就仓促地选[D] sincere apologies.,本题问的是NHS trust而不是DeepMind 。  

 

【2段】①DeepMind has almost apologized. ②The NHS trust has mended its ways. ③Further arrangements—and there may be many—between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. ④There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. ⑤But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. ⑥Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed” it. ⑦But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.

scrutinise[ˈskruːtənaɪz]vt.详细检查

33. The author argues in Paragraph 2 that

[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.

[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.

[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.

[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it.

【题干译文】在第二段中,作者主张

A.必须不惜一切代价保护隐私

B.泄漏患者的数据比出售它更糟糕

C.从患者数据中获利是违法的

D.数据的价值来源于对它的处理

secure [sɪˈkjʊə(r)](cure=care;)(se分开+cure关心→不关心,不担忧→安全的)

★★legal  [ˈli:gl] adj.法律的; 合法的;(leg=law;-al后缀)

illegal [ɪˈliːɡl] 非法的(il=not;legal 合法的)

legislation [ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn] n 立法(legislate+ion)

privilege [ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ] n 特权(priv =single,  leg=law;)(有个人法律→特权)

【精准定位】第二段末句指出作者对6句Ms. Denham裁定依据(判NHS违法因为它才是数据拥有者,而 Deep Mind只是处理数据而已)的看法:不得要领( misses the point):“让数字拥有价的,是处理和集成它们,而不是掌控它们”,[D]正确。若这个句子弄不明白,不要仅,也可从第三段①The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. 是承上启下。是对第二段的总结。

【命题解密】[D]是第二段末句 it is processing and aggregation. , that gives the data value的同义改写。⑤句But,⑦句开头有but,又是一个强调句型,自然重要。在but处找答安。从下一段找答案。

严格地讲,本题没有一个是正确的答案:从原文中看 it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.是对数据处理和整理才具有价值,而不是仅仅拥有数字流。和[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it也对不上,若改为the value of data comes from the processing of bits,更精准一些。

 

【句子讲解】⑦句是一个复合句。主句由“主语( this distinction)+谓语( misses)+宾语( the point)”构成,that引导的同位语从句解释说明 the point;该从句为it is... that结构的强调句型强调主语processing and aggregation。从句的谓语是gives间接宾语是the data,直接宾语是value,名词短语not the mere possession of bits补充说明主语。句首的连词But承接上句表转折.

【3段】①The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. ②Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. ③That misses the way the surveillance economy works. ④The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.【参考译文】重要的问题在于,谁该从基于我们生活现在形成的数据分析中得益?隐私法建构于“个人的可识别信息会对其带来伤害”这一观念之上。这忽略了“经济”的运作方式。在这一方式下,个人数据只有在与不计其数的他人数据作比较时才能体现其价值。

【句子讲解】 ④句是一个复合句。主句由“主语( The data)+谓语( gains)+宾语( its value)”构成;介词短语 of an individual作后置定语修饰data;副词 there作状语;when引导的时间状语从句作主句的时间状语从句的主语是it,谓语 is compared使用了一般现在式的被动语态介词短语 with the data作状语介词短语 of countless millions more作后置定语,修饰data副词only作状语。

address [əˈdres] 地址; 通信处; 演说; 称呼;提出问题,解决问题。

Government of the people, by the people ,for the people shall not perish from the earth.(Abraham Lincoln)------Gettysburg address.《 盖茨堡演讲》

民权、民治、民有政府绝不会毁灭。

34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is

[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.

[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.

[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.

[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.

 Vicious[ˈvɪʃəs]adj.邪恶的,恶毒的

monopoly [məˈnɒpəli] 垄断

(mono单个,一个+poly卖→独家卖→垄断)

【模糊定位】D.科技巨头对大数据的垄断,这是政治的正确。

 

【题干译文】根据最后一段,这一协议引发的真正担忧是

A.大型制药公司之间的恶性竞争

B.隐私法的无效执行

C.不加控制地使用新软件

D.科技巨头对大数据的垄断

 

【精准定位】根据题干关键词real Worry定位至末段2句:“聚焦隐私”并不能解决真正的烦恼;④句指出真正的问题所在(What matters is.):那些利用公共资源得以开发的算法,竟归属私人垄断企业(也即①句提到的the tech giants);并在⑤句类比说明其危险:会和大制药企业如今所做的那样(即垄断药物,伤及患者利益),可见作者认为这一事件的矛头应指向垄断数据的科技巨头,[D]正确。

【命题解密】[D]是对原文they will belong to a private monopoly的同义改写。 a future of digital feudalism.数字封建主义的未来和D.科技巨头对大数据的垄断是同义转换。尽管说是最后,但从一段③The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants.中也找到答案 ,文章往往是前呼后应的。那里好找去那是找。正像33. The author argues in Paragraph 2 that,我们第三段也能找到答案。

【4段】①The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. ②This practice does not address the real worry. ③It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. ④What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. ⑤If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as big pharma has done. ⑥We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. ⑦A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. ⑧Ms Denham’s report is a welcome start.

【参考译文】在这种情况下,利用隐私法来约束科技巨头有些不太合适。这种做法并不能解决真正的担忧。仅仅说深度思维公司开发的算法将会造福病人和拯救生命是不够的.关键是,这些算法将属于使用公共资源来对其进行开发的某个私人垄断企业。如果软件在拯救生命方面可望达到药物的水平,那么大数据也有望发挥和大型制药公司相同的作用。我们尚处于这场革命的初期阶段,现在微不足道的选择都可能会在以后产生巨大的后果.为避免数字化封建主义的到来,我们需要进行长期的斗争。邓哈姆女士的报告是一个好的开端。

curb [kɜ:b]:a horse's bit with an attached chain or strap to check  the horse(原意:《木兰诗》中有:东市买辔头。也就是马头上的,用来控制马的链子,皮绳。)

n.  限制,抑制; 勒马绳,马衔索; (人行道的)镶边; (证券的)场外市场;

vt.  制止,束缚; 给(马)扣上马衔; 给…加路缘; 在…处设井栏;

Maladapted不适应的(mala=badly)

adapted适合的

 

 【句子讲解】④What matters,系动词是is,that引导的表语从句作表语从句由“主语(they)+谓语( will belong to)宾语( a private monopoly)"构成; Which引导的定语从句,修饰monopoly从句中, Which代替先行词 a private monopoly/作主语谓语是 developed,宾语是them现在分词短语 using public resources作方式状语。

 



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