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会计英语
第一章
English review 英语复习
1
What is accounting? Accounting is often described as an information system. It is the system that measures business activities, processes information into reports and communicates these findings to decision makes. A sole (single) proprietorship is a business organization that is owned by one individual. It is an accounting entity but a legal entity. This means that the owner is responsible for the debits of the proprietorship. It is known as unlimited liability and is obviously a disadvantage of this form of business organization. A partnership only differs from a single proprietorship in that it has more than one owner .The owner are called partners. There are some different types of partnership in business activity. A corporation is incorporated under local law as a separate entity; hence ,its owner are called shareholders or stockholders .They are not liable for the debts of the corporation .The limited liability is an obvious advantage of the form. The ownership of a corporation is divided into shares or stock. Share can be transferred between owners. GAAP
Generally accepted accounting principle
公认会计原则
Business entity principle
经济主体原则
Objectivity principle
客观原则
Cost principle
成本原则
Going concern principle
持续经营原则
Monetary unit principle
货币计量原则
Time period principle
会计分期原则
Revenue recognition principle
收入确认原则
Matching principle
配比原则
Full disclosure principle
充分披露原则
Consistency principle
一贯性原则
Materiality principle
重要性原则额
Conservation principle
谨慎性原则
Four financial statement are prepared by a proprietorship: Income statement = profit and loss account
利润表
Statement of owner ’ s equity
所有者权益变动表
=the capital statement =statement of retained earnings
Balance sheet
资产负债表
Cash flow statement
现金流量表
Balance sheet 会计要素
Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by a particular entity as a result of past transactions or events. Assets can either be tangible or intangible. Liabilities
are probable sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligation of particular entity to transfer assets or transfer or provide services to other entities in the future as a result of past transaction or event . |
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