用钯（Pd）代替铂（Pt）作为电催化材料对于解决许多可再生能源技术（例如燃料电池，金属空气电池和水电解槽）中无法承受的铂金使用所面临的技术障碍至关重要。在过去的几十年中，在推进基于Pd的纳米催化剂方面已经取得了理论和实验上的进展，从而导致催化活性与Pt相当甚至超过Pt。在当前的审查中，我们概述了有前途的钯基纳米电催化剂的发展中最近的重要突破。我们首先简要介绍基于Pd的电极的基本电催化行为的现有知识和一些反应机理，旨在合理化结构设计的一般指导原则，以开发更有前途的纳米催化剂。然后，我们在催化反应方面展示了高性能的基于Pd的纳米电催化剂的代表性实例，包括氢释放/氧化反应，氧还原反应和液体燃料氧化反应。最后，我们提供了该研究领域的简短结论和个人观点。

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Replacing platinum (Pt) with palladium (Pd) as the electrocatalytic materials is essential to address the technical barriers of unaffordable Pt usage in numerous renewable energy technologies, such as fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and water electrolyzers. In the past decades, both theoretical and experimental progresses have been made in advancing the Pd-based nanocatalysts, leading to catalytic activity comparable to or even exceeding that of Pt. In the present review, we overview the recently important breakthroughs in the development of promising Pd-based nanoelectrocatalysts. We begin with the brief introduction of current knowledge in fundamental electrocatalytic behavior of Pd-based electrodes and some reaction mechanism, aiming to rationalize the general guidelines of structural design for more promising nanocatalysts. Then, we demonstrate the representative examples of high-performance Pd-based nanoelectrocatalysts in terms of catalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and liquid fuels oxidation reaction. Finally, we provide a short conclusion and personal perspective in this research field.