Echinococcus spp. have a global distribution and are found on every continent except Antarctica. Infections with these parasites are considered extremely serious, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality in addition to substantial economic losses to the livestock industry. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) and Echinococcus multilocularis, causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) respectively, are the two main species of interest from a human and veterinary perspective. This review collates the current state-of-the-art understanding of these two parasites within four key areas of relevance to human and veterinary professionals: transmission and epidemiology, clinical signs and pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment and prevention. This review should serve as a broad introduction to the most important Echinococcus spp.. The reader is advised to seek out specific literature on individual diseases and their causative parasites for a deeper understanding.

中文翻译：

棘球菌属 全球分布，除南极洲外，在每个大陆都可以找到。这些寄生虫的感染被认为是极为严重的，除了给畜牧业造成巨大的经济损失外，还导致大量的发病和死亡。细粒棘球绦虫意义上拉托（SL）和多房棘球从人和兽医的角度来看，分别引起囊性棘球co虫病（CE）和肺泡棘球co虫病（AE）的两个主要物种。这篇综述总结了在与人类和兽医专业人员有关的四个关键领域中对这两种寄生虫的最新理解：传播和流行病学，临床体征和发病机理，诊断以及治疗和预防。该综述应作为最重要的棘球chin虫的广泛介绍。建议读者查找有关个别疾病及其致病性寄生虫的具体文献，以加深了解。