将ASA防火墙更换为主用/备用故障转移对

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将ASA防火墙更换为主用/备用故障转移对

2023-09-16 05:20| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

简介

本文档介绍如何用主用/备用故障转移对替换自适应安全设备(ASA)防火墙。

背景信息

ASA防火墙支持两种故障切换配置:主用/主用故障切换和主用/备用故障切换。本文档介绍将ASA防火墙更换为主用/备用故障转移的过程。

有2个防火墙:

firewall-a为主用/主用 firewall-b为辅助/备用 故障切换配置中主设备和辅助设备之间的差异

此命令意味着此防火墙始终将活动配置推送到辅助防火墙。

# failover lan unit primary

此命令意味着此防火墙始终从主防火墙接收活动配置。

# failover lan unit secondary 故障切换配置中主用设备和备用设备之间的差异

此命令意味着此防火墙是故障切换对中正在运行的活动防火墙。

# failover active

此命令意味着此防火墙是在故障转移对中运行防火墙的备用防火墙。

# failover standby 更换辅助防火墙故障

1.验证主防火墙是否处于活动状态并处于联机状态。例如: 

firewall-a/pri/act# show failover Failover On Failover unit Primary Failover LAN Interface: sync Port-channel1 (up) Reconnect timeout 0:00:00 Unit Poll frequency 1 seconds, holdtime 15 seconds Interface Poll frequency 5 seconds, holdtime 25 seconds Interface Policy 1 Monitored Interfaces 0 of 1292 maximum MAC Address Move Notification Interval not set Version: Ours 9.12(4)56, Mate 9.12(4)56 Serial Number: Ours JADSERIAL1, Mate JADSERIAL2 Last Failover at: 19:54:29 GMT May 23 2023 This host: Primary - Active Active time: 2204 (sec) slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys) Interface inside (10.0.0.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface outside (10.1.1.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface management (10.2.2.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Other host: Secondary - Failed Active time: 0 (sec) slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys) Interface inside (10.0.0.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface outside (10.1.1.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface management (10.2.2.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)

2.关闭并实际移除辅助防火墙。

3.以物理方式添加新的辅助防火墙并打开其电源。

4.当新的辅助防火墙以默认出厂配置处于活动状态时,启用故障切换链路,  no shutdown  故障切换物理链路。

示例:

firewall-a/pri/act#conf t firewall-a/pri/act#(config)#interface Port-channel1 firewall-a/pri/act#(config-if)#no shutdown firewall-a/pri/act#(config)#exit firewall-a/pri/act# firewall-b/sec/stby#conf t firewall-b/sec/stby#(config)#interface Port-channel1 firewall-b/sec/stby#(config-if)#no shutdown firewall-b/sec/stby#(config)#exit firewall-b/sec/stby#

5.配置故障切换命令。例如:

firewall-a/pri/act# sh run | inc fail failover failover lan unit primary failover lan interface sync Port-channel1 failover link sync Port-channel1 failover interface ip sync 10.10.13.9 255.255.255.252 standby 10.10.13.10 no failover wait-disable firewall-a/pri/act# firewall-b/sec/stby# sh run | inc fail no failover failover lan unit secondary failover lan interface sync Port-channel1 failover link sync Port-channel1 failover interface ip sync 10.10.13.9 255.255.255.252 standby 10.10.13.10 no failover wait-disable firewall-b/sec/stby#

6.在新的辅助防火墙上启用故障切换。例如:

firewall-b/sec/stby#conf t firewall-b/sec/stby#(config)#failover firewall-b/sec/stby#(config)#exit firewall-b/sec/stby# firewall-b/sec/stby# sh run | inc fail failover firewall-b/sec/stby#

7.等待活动配置同步到新设备并验证正确的故障转移状态。例如:

firewall-a/pri/act# Beginning configuration replication: Sending to mate. End Configuration Replication to mate firewall-a/pri/act# firewall-b/sec/stby# Beginning configuration replication from mate. End configuration replication from mate. firewall-b/sec/stby#

注意:请注意,主防火墙(firewall-a)将配置发送到辅助防火墙(firewall-b)。

8.在主用/主用上保存配置,并在新的辅助/备用上验证写内存。例如:

firewall-a/pri/act#write memory Building configuration... Cryptochecksum: ad317407 935a773c 6c5fb66a c5edc342 64509 bytes copied in 9.290 secs (7167 bytes/sec) [OK] firewall-a/pri/act# firewall-b/sec/stby# May 24 2023 15:16:21 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111001: Begin configuration: console writing to memory May 24 2023 15:16:22 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111004: console end configuration: OK May 24 2023 15:16:22 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111008: User 'failover' executed the 'write memory' command. May 24 2023 15:16:22 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111010: User 'failover', running 'N/A' from IP x.x.x.x , executed 'write memory' firewall-b/sec/stby#

9.验证两个防火墙上的故障切换对是否处于打开/打开活动状态。例如:

firewall-a/pri/act# show failover Failover On Failover unit Primary Failover LAN Interface: sync Port-channel1 (up) Reconnect timeout 0:00:00 Unit Poll frequency 1 seconds, holdtime 15 seconds Interface Poll frequency 5 seconds, holdtime 25 seconds Interface Policy 1 Monitored Interfaces 0 of 1292 maximum MAC Address Move Notification Interval not set Version: Ours 9.12(4)56, Mate 9.12(4)56 Serial Number: Ours JADSERIAL1, Mate JADSERIAL2 Last Failover at: 19:54:29 GMT May 23 2023 This host: Primary - Active Active time: 71564 (sec) slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys) Interface inside (10.0.0.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface outside (10.1.1.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface management (10.2.2.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Other host: Secondary - Standby Ready Active time: 0 (sec) slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys) Interface inside (10.0.0.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface outside (10.1.1.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface management (10.2.2.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) firewall-b/sec/stby# show failover Failover On Failover unit Secondary Failover LAN Interface: sync Port-channel1 (up) Reconnect timeout 0:00:00 Unit Poll frequency 1 seconds, holdtime 15 seconds Interface Poll frequency 5 seconds, holdtime 25 seconds Interface Policy 1 Monitored Interfaces 0 of 1292 maximum MAC Address Move Notification Interval not set Version: Ours 9.12(4)56, Mate 9.12(4)56 Serial Number: Ours JADSERIAL2, Mate JADSERIAL1 Last Failover at: 20:51:27 GMT May 23 2023 This host: Secondary - Standby Ready Active time: 0 (sec) slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys) Interface inside (10.0.0.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface outside (10.1.1.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface management (10.2.2.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Other host: Primary - Active Active time: 71635 (sec) slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys) Interface inside (10.0.0.1: Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface outide (10.1.1.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface management (10.2.2.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) 替换主防火墙故障 验证辅助防火墙是否处于活动状态并处于联机状态。例如: firewall-b/sec/act# show failover Failover On Failover unit Secondary Failover LAN Interface: sync Port-channel1 (up) Reconnect timeout 0:00:00 Unit Poll frequency 1 seconds, holdtime 15 seconds Interface Poll frequency 5 seconds, holdtime 25 seconds Interface Policy 1 Monitored Interfaces 0 of 1292 maximum MAC Address Move Notification Interval not set Version: Ours 9.12(4)56, Mate 9.12(4)56 Serial Number: Ours JADSERIAL2, Mate JADSERIAL1 Last Failover at: 19:54:29 GMT May 23 2023 This host: Secondary - Active Active time: 2204 (sec) slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys) Interface inside (10.0.0.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface outside (10.1.1.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface management (10.2.2.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Other host: Primary - Failed Active time: 0 (sec) slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys) Interface inside (10.0.0.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface outside (10.1.1.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface management (10.2.2.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) 关闭并物理移除主防火墙。 以物理方式添加新的主防火墙并打开其电源。 现在,新的主防火墙使用默认出厂配置激活。 启用故障切换链路,  no shutdown  故障切换物理链路。例如: firewall-a/pri/stby#conf t firewall-a/pri/stby#(config)#interface Port-channel1 firewall-a/pri/stby#(config-if)#no shutdown firewall-a/pri/stby#(config)#exit firewall-a/pri/stby# firewall-b/sec/act#conf t firewall-b/sec/act#(config)#interface Port-channel1 firewall-b/sec/act#(config-if)#no shutdown firewall-b/sec/act#(config)#exit firewall-b/sec/act# 保存配置.在上写入内存 secondary/active firewall 并确保  failover lan unit secondary  在启动配置中。

注意:这是一个关键步骤。

示例:

firewall-b/sec/act# write memory Building configuration... Cryptochecksum: ad317407 935a773c 6c5fb66a c5edc342 64509 bytes copied in 9.290 secs (7167 bytes/sec) [OK] firewall-b/sec/act# show start | inc unit failover lan unit secondary firewall-b/sec/act# 配置故障切换命令。 在辅助/主用防火墙上,必须首先设置 failover lan unit primary 命令,确保活动配置从辅助/主用防火墙推送到新的默认配置主/备用防火墙。例如: firewall-b/sec/act# sh run | inc unit failover lan unit secondary firewall-b/sec/act# firewall-b/sec/act#conf t firewall-b/sec/act#(config)#failover lan unit primary firewall-b/sec/act#(config)#exit firewall-b/sec/act# sh run | inc unit failover lan unit primary firewall-b/pri/act#

b. 验证两台设备上的故障切换配置。例如:

firewall-b/pri/act# sh run | inc fail failover failover lan unit primary failover lan interface sync Port-channel1 failover link sync Port-channel1 failover interface ip sync 10.10.13.9 255.255.255.252 standby 10.10.13.10 no failover wait-disable firewall-b/pri/act# firewall-a/sec/stby# sh run | inc fail no failover failover lan unit secondary failover lan interface sync Port-channel1 failover link sync Port-channel1 failover interface ip sync 10.10.13.9 255.255.255.252 standby 10.10.13.10 no failover wait-disable firewall-a/sec/stby# 在新主防火墙上启用故障切换。例如: firewall-a/sec/stby#conf t firewall-a/sec/stby#(config)#failover firewall-a/sec/stby#(config)#exit firewall-a/sec/stby# firewall-a/sec/stby# sh run | inc fail failover firewall-a/sec/stby# 等待活动配置同步到新设备并验证正确的故障转移状态。例如: firewall-b/pri/act# Beginning configuration replication: Sending to mate. End Configuration Replication to mate firewall-b/pri/act# firewall-a/sec/stby# Beginning configuration replication from mate. End configuration replication from mate. firewall-a/sec/stby#

注意:请注意,主防火墙(firewall-b)将配置发送到辅助防火墙(firewall-a)。

注意:不要在现在的主用/主用防火墙(firewall-b)上写入内存。

重新加载当前的主用/主用防火墙(firewall-b),使其作为辅助/备用防火墙进行备份。 firewall-b/pri/act#reload 在您执行“firewall-b reload”命令(等待15秒)后,切换到新的主防火墙(firewall-a),然后输入  failover lan unit primary  命令,后跟  write memory . firewall-a/sec/act#conf t firewall-a/sec/act#(config)#failover lan unit primary firewall-a/sec/act#(config)#exit firewall-a/sec/act# sh run | inc unit failover lan unit primary firewall-a/pri/act# write memory Building configuration... Cryptochecksum: ad317407 935a773c 6c5fb66a c5edc342 64509 bytes copied in 9.290 secs (7167 bytes/sec) [OK] firewall-a/pri/act# show start | inc unit failover lan unit primary firewall-a/pri/act# 等待firewall-b完全启动,并将故障转移对作为辅助/备用设备加入。例如: firewall-a/pri/act# Beginning configuration replication: Sending to mate. End Configuration Replication to mate firewall-a/pri/act# firewall-b/sec/stby# Beginning configuration replication from mate. End configuration replication from mate. firewall-b/sec/stby#

注意:请注意,主防火墙(firewall-a)将配置发送到辅助防火墙(firewall-b)。

保存配置,在主用/主用上写入内存,并验证新辅助/备用上的写入内存。例如: firewall-a/pri/act#write memory Building configuration... Cryptochecksum: ad317407 935a773c 6c5fb66a c5edc342 64509 bytes copied in 9.290 secs (7167 bytes/sec) [OK] firewall-a/pri/act# firewall-b/sec/stby# May 24 2023 15:16:21 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111001: Begin configuration: console writing to memory May 24 2023 15:16:22 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111004: console end configuration: OK May 24 2023 15:16:22 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111008: User 'failover' executed the 'write memory' command. May 24 2023 15:16:22 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111010: User 'failover', running 'N/A' from IP x.x.x.x , executed 'write memory' firewall-b/sec/stby# 验证两个防火墙上的故障切换对是否处于打开/打开活动状态。例如: firewall-a/pri/act# show failover Failover On Failover unit Primary Failover LAN Interface: sync Port-channel1 (up) Reconnect timeout 0:00:00 Unit Poll frequency 1 seconds, holdtime 15 seconds Interface Poll frequency 5 seconds, holdtime 25 seconds Interface Policy 1 Monitored Interfaces 0 of 1292 maximum MAC Address Move Notification Interval not set Version: Ours 9.12(4)56, Mate 9.12(4)56 Serial Number: Ours JADSERIAL1, Mate JADSERIAL2 Last Failover at: 19:54:29 GMT May 23 2023 This host: Primary - Active Active time: 71564 (sec) slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys) Interface inside (10.0.0.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface outside (10.1.1.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface management (10.2.2.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Other host: Secondary - Standby Ready Active time: 0 (sec) slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys) Interface inside (10.0.0.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface outside (10.1.1.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface management (10.2.2.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) firewall-b/sec/stby# show failover Failover On Failover unit Secondary Failover LAN Interface: sync Port-channel1 (up) Reconnect timeout 0:00:00 Unit Poll frequency 1 seconds, holdtime 15 seconds Interface Poll frequency 5 seconds, holdtime 25 seconds Interface Policy 1 Monitored Interfaces 0 of 1292 maximum MAC Address Move Notification Interval not set Version: Ours 9.12(4)56, Mate 9.12(4)56 Serial Number: Ours JADSERIAL2, Mate JADSERIAL1 Last Failover at: 20:51:27 GMT May 23 2023 This host: Secondary - Standby Ready Active time: 0 (sec) slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys) Interface inside (10.0.0.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface outside (10.1.1.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface management (10.2.2.2): Normal (Not-Monitored) Other host: Primary - Active Active time: 71635 (sec) slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys) Interface inside (10.0.0.1: Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface outide (10.1.1.1): Normal (Not-Monitored) Interface management (10.2.2.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)


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