In order to objectively analyze the laws and characteristics of coal mine accidents in China, using mathematical statistics, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, ABC classification, combined with origin mapping, the coal mine accidents in China from 2021 to 2023 are statistically analyzed from the aspects of accident grade, time, region and type. The results show that, the major accidents and extremely serious accidents of China's coal mine have rebounded in 2023, and prevention should be strengthened; Coal mine accidents occurred more frequently from May to September, less from November to February, and the accident rate was higher in 1-2 hours before and after the shift, which showed the characteristics of seasonality and time concentration. Coal mine accidents show obvious regional differences. Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Guizhou and Gansu are the areas with high incidence of accidents, and should be focused on prevention. The number of roof, transportation, mechanical and electrical accidents is more, and the average number of deaths caused by fire, water disaster and rock burst accidents is more, which should be classified and managed. In addition, according to the three major accident categories of roof, transportation and mechanical and electrical, the grey correlation analysis model is built to study the correlation degree of the factors causing the accident, and the accident prevention measures are put forward.