连字符"-"(半字线)的用法，在文献[1][2][3]中有较详细的说明。但在一些高校学报和科技期刊中的英文目次、总目次和文后参考文献中的英文刊名、标题、书名的首字母用大写的情况下，当出现连字符"-"时，其后的实词(如名、代、形、数、动、副等词，都为有实义的词，称为实词;如介、冠、连接、感叹等词，都为无实义的词，称为虚词，即非实词。见文献[4，p.12] 的首字母，如"姓名-姓名"、"实词-实词"、"数学符号-实词"、"前缀-实词"等，有的均用大写表示，有的均用小写表示，很不统一。目前国家标准对此没有专门的规定。现查阅了国外的部分科技期刊，并根据自身编辑工作的实践，对连字符"-"后实词的首字母大小写，提出如下的一些意见和例子。

1 "姓名-姓名"或"专有名词-专有名词" 前后首字母均用大写

例:Riesz-Bessel Transformations;

Riemann-Roch Theorem;

Hardy-Lorentz Spaceo

2 "实词-实词" 前后首字母均用大写

例:Intitial-Boundary Value Problem;

Wave-Vector Spaces;

Star-Shaped Domain。

3 "数学符号-实词" 符号的大小写按有关规定，实词首字母用大写

例:α-Fuzzy， α-Zero;

LP-Space;

C*-Algebra;

γ-Mixing Sequences;

τ-Topologyo

4 "数字-实词" 英文数字首字母与实词首字母用大写

例: 2-Dimentional Spaces; Two-Dimentional Spaces

4-Manifolds; Four-Manifolds;

3-Spheres; Three-Spheres

5 "前缀-专有名字" 首字母均用大写

例: Co-Artinian Ring

Pre-Hilbert Space;

Hyper-Lie Algebra。

6 "前缀-实词" 首字母用小写，如

例:(1) Anti(反)-symmmetric; Anti-isomorphism; Anti-genus;

(2) Arch(主要的)-enemy; Arch-reactionary;

(3) Auto(自)-correlation Function; Auto-morphic Function;

(4) Bi(双)-linear; Bi-invariant Operator; Bi-comoduIe;

(5) By(在旁)-product; By-election;

(6) Co(上，共，余)-algebraic; Co-axial; Co-ring; Co-variation;

(7) Counter(反)-example; Counter-measure; Counter-clockwise;

(8) De(除去，否定)-composition Group;

(9) Dis(不争否定)-connecting Set; Dis-continuity;

(10) En(使成为)-domprphism; En-Iargement;

(11) Ex(前)一president;

(12) Extra(夕卡)-polated Method; Extra-polation;

(13) For(前，预)-ward Equation;

Fore(前，预)-Fore-casting Function;

(14) Hydro(水)-Hydro-electric;

(15) Hyper(超)-algebra; Hyper-plane; Hyper-function; Hyper-cone;

(16) Hypo(次，亚)-function;" Hypo-elliptic;

(17) In(不，非)-definite; In-complete;

Ir(不，非)-rationa Number; Ir-regular Point;

(18) Inter(内，交叉)-iteration; Inter-polation Method;

(19) Intra(内)-group; Intra…mutation;

(20) Macro(大，宏)-sphere; Macro-grap;

(21) Meta(超，偏，亚)-stable; Meta-system; Meta-harmonic Equation;

(22) Micro(微，小)-local Analysis; Micro-hypoelipticity; Micro-second;

(23) Mid(中)-point Method; Mid-value;

(24) Mini(极小)-cut AIgorthm; Mini-max Theorem;

(2日 Mis(误)-interpretation;

(26) Mono(单)-subcategory;

(27) Multi(多)-analysis; Multi-harmonic Function;

(28) Neo(新，近)-category; Neo-field; Neo-computation Element;

(29) Non(非)-linear; Non-smooth Domain;

(30) Over(超，上)-determined Equation; Over-crossing Point;

(31) Poly(多)-cylinder; Poly一axis;

(32) Post(过争后)-editor; Post-operator;

(33) Pre(预先，前，准)-group; Pre-space; Pre-editor;

(34) Pro(前)-algebraic Group; Pro-finite Group;

(35) Pseudo(伪，假，拟)-conformal Mapping; Pseudo-differential Equation;

(36) Quasi(拟，伪)-linear; Quasi-invariant Subspaces;

(37) Re(重，再)-write; Re-combination;

(38) Self( 自)-similar Set; Self-adjoint Operator;

(39) Semi(半)-linear; Semi-continuity; Semi-group;

(40) Sub(子，下，次，亚)-definite; Sub-biharmonic; Sub-semigroup;

(41) Super(超，上)-ring; Super-relaxation; Super-harmonic Function;

(42) Tele(远)-graph Equation;

(43) Trans(转移)-finite Function; Trans-format Problem;

(44) Tri(三)-angle; Tri-nomial;

(45) Ultra(超)-convergence; Ultra-hyperbolic Equation; Ultra-limit;

"的 Uni(单，一)-variate Spline; Uni-variable Series;

(47) Un(不誓元，相反)-countable Set; Un-conditional Convergence;

(48) Under(在下，次于)-determinant; Under-determined System;

(49) Vice(副)-Chairman(副主席); Vice-Premier(副总理)。

注:当前缀与名词、动词、形容词或副词构成复合词均连写时，连字符可以取消(当与专

有名词、大写词、数字或缩略词连接时除外)，详见文[3] 。

7 "实词-非实词" 非实词用小写

倒:Editor-in-Chief(主编);Father-in-Law(岳父)。

参考文献

[1] GB/T 15834-1995标点符号用法

[2] 陈浩元主编.科技书刊标准化18 讲.北京:北京师范大学出版社.1998.

[3] 宋双明.英文论文写作中如何正确使用连字符.中国科技期刊研究, 2004:745-746

[4] 薄冰等编.英语语法手册(修订本).上海:上海商务印书馆.1978.

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